Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of infectious diseases of CNS.Methods Inpatients treated in the second hospital of Hebei Medical University from 1996 to 2005 were subjected to retrospective study.Results During 10 years,the hospitalization number of infectious diseases of CNS was 3929.The proportion of inpatients with viral meningitis(encephalitis),cerebral cysticercosis,tuberculous meningitis(TBM),purulent meningitis(PM)and cryptococcal meningitis(CM) was 63.8%,17.4%,7.7%,0.7% respectively.The hospitalization number of viral meningitis (encephalitis),TBM,PM and CM in the 2001—2005 5-year period was 53.5%,21.3%,35.3%,and 77.3% higher than that of the 1996—2000 period.Whereas the hospitalization number of cerebral cysticercosis decreased by 32.4% than that of the last 5 years.The peak months of viral meningitis (encephalitis)in a year were July,August and September.The peak months of TBM in a year were April, May and June.The case fatality of viral meningitis(encephalitis),cerebral cysticercosis,TBM,PM and CM was 8.1%,6.9%,22.4%,12.9%,33.3% respectively.Conclusions In the past l0 years,the incidence of common infectious diseases of CNS has increased in Shijiazhuang except cerebral cysticercoids. Our vigilance should be improved and some effective measures should be adopted to keep away infectious diseases of CNS.

Objective To observe the effect of ultrashort wave diathermy on collagen type I expression in early stage of hormon-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) in rabbit.Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups:a control group (n=10) and a treatment group (n =30).All the animals in the treatment group were injected with horse serum and methylprednisolone to establish the ANFH model,and then divided into 2 subgroups:a model group and a ultrashort wave diathermy group,which were treated accordingly.After 12 weeks of treatment,all the animals were sacrificed and collagen type I expression in the femoral head was observed.Results It was shown that the expression of the collagen type I was significantly lower in the model animals than that in the controls as indicated by the stronger immunohistochemistry staining for rabbit collagen type,while that of the ultrashort wave diathermy group was significant higher than the control group ( P

OBJECTIVETo study the curative effect of Zhiyang Pingfu Liquid (ZPL) in treating epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) associated adverse reactions of the skin.

METHODSAll 54 patients with pathologically confirmed malignant tumor had EGFRIs induced adverse reactions of the skin to various degrees. ZPL was externally applied for them all, once or twice per day, 14 days consisting of one therapeutic course. Changes of adverse skin reactions, time for symptoms relief, adverse skin reaction types suitable for ZPL were observed before and after treatment.

RESULTSEGFRIs associated skin adverse reactions were improved to various degrees after they used ZPL. The shortest symptoms relief time was 1 day while the longest was 12 days, with an average of 6.93 days and the median time 7 days. Compared with before treatment, itching, rash/scaling, acne/acneform eruptions were obviously improved (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONZPL could alleviate EGFRls associated adverse skin reactions, especially showed better effect on itching, rash/scaling, acne/acneform eruptions.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Biomedical Research ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Pruritus ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Skin ; drug effects ; Skin Diseases ; drug therapy

Objective To investigate the com and pepper fluorine in Zhenxiong county of Yunnan province, as well as the change of com and pepper fluorine after baked by coal, clay-mixed with cual for a relatively long-term, in order to provide a scientific basis for reducing fluorine intake. Methods The endemic areas of Yile, Wufeng's Songlinwan, Tangfang and Wufeng's Wugu in Zhenxiong county, and a non-endemic area Xiaguan in Dali city were selected as study sites. Ten samples of fresh corn and pepper were collected in each region, and fluorine was determined using acid leaching/potentiometry freshly and after baking or drying for 10 days or 4 months, respectively. Results The fluorine content of local fresh corn in Xiaguan of Dali city and Yile,Wufeng's Songlinwan, Tangfang, Wufeng's Wugu in Zhenxiong county were (1.31 ± 0.13),(1.65 ± 0.64),(1.92 ±0.37), (2.32 ± 0.49), (1.98 ± 0.66)mg/kg, respectively, and there were statistically significant differences across the regions(H = 27.871, P ＜ 0.05). The fluorine content of corn samples after baking or drying for 4 months were ( 1.82 ± 0.17), (26.43 ± 12.03), (39.27 ± 8.09), ( 14.27 ± 4.37), ( 14.33 ± 1.73)mg/kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the fresh com in the corresponding region(all P ＜ 0.05 ), and there were statistically significant differences across the regions(H = 42.512, P＜ 0.05). The fluorine content of the local fresh chili were (3.34 ± 1.08), (3.44 ± 0.55), (3.47 ± 0.74), (3.46 ± 0.93)mg/kg, respectively, in the 4 observed places in Xiaguan of Dali city and Yile, Wufeng's Songlinwan, Tangfang in Zhenxiong county, and there were no statistically significant differences across the regions (F = 0.052, P ＞ 0.05 ). The fluorine content of pepper samples after baking or drying for 4 months were (7.01 ± 1.64), (226.07 ± 83.69), (179.36 ± 148.37), (54.51 ± 34.67)mg/kg,respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the fresh pepper in the corresponding region(all P ＜ 0.05 ),and there were statistically significant differences across the regions(H = 28.822, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Corn and chili fluorine is significantly increased after baked with coal and clay-mixed with coal by farmers in Zhenxiong county, a coal- burning borne endemic fluorosis area of Yunnan province.

Objective:Tacrolimus prolonged-release(PR) formulation is a new once-daily formulation of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus,which is currently used in adult liver or kidney transplant patients,and is also gradually widely used in children with nephrotic syndrome.The present study was undertaken to preliminarily investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients.Methods:This single-center open-label prospective study was performed in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients.Pharmacokinetic samples were collected from eight pediatric subjects with nephrotic syndrome from Department of Pediatric Nephrology in Peking University First Hospital between June and August 2011.They followed administration of single oral doses of tacrolimus PR formulation at 0.02 mg/kg (n =2),0.05 mg/kg (n =2) and 0.10 mg/kg (n =4).Blood samples were taken before the dose and 1,2,4,6,8,10,12 and 24 h after drug intake.No other medicines or interacting food or drinks were taken during the study period.Blood concentrations were measured using an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique.Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using WinNolin Phoenix software Version 6.0 (Pharsight,Cary,NC,USA).Results:The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a non-compartment model.Pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus PR formulation in the 3 ascending doses groups (0.02 mg/kg,0.05 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg) were as follows:the maxi mum drug concentrations (Cm=/D) were (1.7 ± 1.0) μg/L,(3.1 ± 1.9) μg/L,(8.0 ± 3.5) μg/L,respectively;Areas under the drug concentration-time curve (AUCo-∞/D) were (47.2 ± 47.1) h · μg/ L,(84.0 ± 13.1) h · μg/L,(175.6 ± 107.1) h · μg/L,respectively;Oral clearance rates were (0.8±0.9) L/(h·kg),(0.4±0.1) L/(h · kg),(1.9 ±1.3) L/(h · kg),respectively;Body weight normalized distribution volumes were (7.0 ± 3.4) L/kg,(12.4 ± 8.4) L/kg and (73.6 ± 68.6) L/kg,respectively.Both mean Cmax normalized level for the administered dose (Cmax/D) and mean AUC0-∞ normalized level for the administered dose (AUC0-∞/D) were higher in the 0.05 mg/kg dosage group than in the 0.02 and 0.10 mg/kg dosage group.There were two peaks in the drug concentrations in every dose group;a primary peak appeared at the end of about 2 h followed by a small secondary peak at h 12,which was more noticeable in the 0.10 mg/kg dose group than in the two lower dosages.Conclusion:The pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR formulation were initially explored in pediatric patients with nephritic syndrome.The data presented form a basis for subsequent larger scale studies on pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus PR formulation in nephritic syndrome children.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose(18 FDG) positron emission tomography and computer tomography (PET/CT) in the qualitative diagnosis and localization of Cushing's disease.

METHODSTotally 12 patients underwent transsphenoidal adenomectomy and were histopathologically proven to be with Cushing's disease. 18FDG PET/CT whole-body and brain scannings were performed preoperatively; meanwhile, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 99mTc-octreotide examination were done in all 12 cases, and inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) were done in 6 patients.

RESULTSThe sensitivity of 18FDG in diagnosing Cushing's disease was 91.6% (11/12), but MRI was 66.7%(8/12). For the 6 patients who performed IPSS, 5 of them was diagnosed to be with Cushing's disease, and only 50% (3/6) were localized correctly in the pituitary gland.

CONCLUSIONS18FDG PET/CT whole-body scan can exclude ectopic adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors and localize the pituitary lesions with higher accuracy than MRI. Therefore, it is useful for suspected Cushing's disease, especially for patients their MRI and IPSS have negative or paradoxical results.

Adult ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multimodal Imaging ; methods ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion ; diagnostic imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rat. Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: CIHH pre-treatment group (Pre-T), pre-control group (Pre-C), CIHH post-treatment group (Post-T), post-control group (Post-C) and blank control group (Con). The rats in Pre-T and Post-T groups were exposed to 28 d of hypobaric hypoxia (simulated 3 000 m altitude, 5 h per day, pO2 = 108.8 mmHg, 14% O2) in a hypobaric chamber before and 12 days after CIA induction, respectively. The rats in Pre-C and Post-C groups were only experienced CIA induction, being control groups for Pre-T and Post-T groups, respectively. The rats in Con group were not given any treatment. The thickness of two-hind paw of rat was measured with spiral micrometer and the degree of arthritis was evaluated by arthritis index (AI). Morphological changes of ankle joint were observed through HE staining. The apoptotic rate in synovial tissue was measured by terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the apoptotic rate of CD3(+) T lymphocyte in spleen was measured by flow cytometry technique. The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured using immunohistochemistry SP method. The results showed that incidence rate of CIA in Pre-T rats was lower than that in Pre-C rats (P < 0.05). AI in Pre-T and Post-T rats were smaller than those in Pre-C and Post-C, respectively (P < 0.05). In Pre-C and Post-C rats, there were hyperplasia of synovial cell, pannus forming, infiltration with inflammatory cell, and destroyed cartilage and bone in ankle joint. On the contrary, pathological changes of ankle joint were alleviated significantly in Pre-T and Post-T rats. Compared with Pre-C and Post-C rats, apoptotic rates of synovial cell and T lymphocyte in Pre-T and Post-T rats were increased (P < 0.05). As to the possible anti-apoptosis mechanism, CIHH, no matter before and after CIA induction, decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in joint synovial cells and spleen T lymphocytes (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, CIHH possesses a protective effect against CIA in rat by enhancing apoptosis of synovial cells and T lymphocytes, which may be related to the inhibition of Bcl-2 protein expression and the promotion of Bax protein expression.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Arthritis, Experimental ; pathology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Joints ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; cytology ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of rabbit limbs ischemia/reperfusion on myocardial necrosis and apoptosis in vivo.

METHODSThirty-six healthy new zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) Sham group; (2) I/R(Ischemia/reperfusion) group; (3) RPostC (remote postconditioning) group. The activity of blood serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at baseline, the end of ischemia after 60 min and 120 min of reperfusion respectively. The extent of myocardial ischemia and the scope of myocardial infarction were assessed by evans blue and Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The myocardial cell's apoptosis at the area of myocardial ischemia was estimated by Tunel. Protein expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial ischemic area were analyzed with the method of immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSCompared with I/R group, the myocardial infarct size and the CK activity were significantly reduced in RPostC group. The Tunel positive index of RPostC group in ischemic myocardium was significantly lower than that in I/R group (21.79% +/- 1.07% vs 35.81% +/- 1.10%, P < 0.05). Caspase-3 positive cells index was calculated with randomly selected five regions in each slide and then the positive cells in per hundred cells were calculated. The RPostC group of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly lower than that in I/ R group(25.03% +/- 1.16% as 39% +/- 2.43%, P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the Bax protein expression index and the Bcl-2 protein expression index of I/R group and RPostC group were increased. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of RPostC group decreased, while it was increased in I/R. Compared with the I/R group, the Bax protein expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of RPostC group significantly reduced, but the expression index of Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased, the differences were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONLimbs ischemia/postconditioning could significantly reduce necrosis and apoptosis of ischemia/reperfusion myocardium. The mechanism of reducing the myocardial cell apoptosis may have relation to inhibiting the activation of pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3 and increased expression of Bcl-2.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; Necrosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of taxol-based chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

METHODSTwenty-nine patients with AGC treated with taxol-based protocols: taxol plus 5-fluouracil 17 patients, taxol plus cisplatin 10 patients, taxol plus epirubicin 2 patients.

RESULTSTwenty-six patients were evaluated for clinical response. There was no complete response, PR 10 (34.5%), SD 12 (41.4%), PD 4 (13.8%). The total response rate was 34.5%. The clinical beneficial response rate was 72.4% (21/29). Median time to progression (mTTP) was 5.8 months and median overall survival time was 9.3 months. The main side effects were: suppression of bone marrow in 26 patients (89.7%), alopecia in 25 (86.2%), myodynia and arthrodynia in 23 (79.3%). There was no death during the treatment.

CONCLUSIONTaxol-based chemotherapy is an effective and well tolerated regimen in the treatment of AUC, which can relieve suffering and improve quality of life of the patients. It can be used as the second-line therapy for relapsed advanced gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Alopecia ; chemically induced ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Remission Induction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo determine the genetic diversity of Eucommia ulmoides.

METHOD260 samples of 20 populations were analyzed through radom amplified polymorphic DHA (RAPD).

RESULTTotal polymorphic loci percentage was 96.36 and the average was 38.92. 110 bands were produced with 10 random primers and 106 were polymorphic. Nei's gene diversity (H) was 0.246 1, Shannon's Information index(I) was 0.386 8, Gst was 0.424 4, indicating that 42.44% of the genetic variation was distributed among populations and 57.65% within populations.

CONCLUSIONThe genetic variation was relatively high in E. ulmoides, so the genetic diversity conservation principle should mainly focus on protection of the populations.

China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Eucommiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique