OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) gene polymorphism and aerobic endurance.

METHODSThe (CA)n repeats polymorphism genotypes in HSL intro 6 of 123 outstanding long distance runners and 127 controls of Han nationality in northern China were analyzed by PCR and Fluorescence labeled STR-genescan. Repeat polymorphisms were grouped according to segmentation point and alleles were divided into long or short chains. Chi-square test was used to analyze the frequency difference of allelic and genotypic between athlete and control groups.

RESULTS(CA) n repeats polymorphism in HSL gene was total of 9 different repeat number of alleles, which composed of 25 different genotypes. The chi-square test result showed that when compared short and long chain alleles split by 4, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) of genotype distribution in 5/10 km group compared with control. Compared the rest groups with control, there was no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONCompared short and long chain alleles split by 4, the LL genotype of (CA)n of HSL was associated with aerobic endurance and it might be a molecular marker of elite 5/10 km long distance runners.

Alleles ; China ; Ethnic Groups ; Genotype ; Humans ; Physical Endurance ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sterol Esterase ; genetics

Objective To explore the changes of neutrophil elastase (NE) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) in acute lung injury(ALI) rats,and the effect of antioxidant. Methods Sixty healthy mature Wister rats were divided into 2 groups, the control group and treatment group. The rats in two groups all received peritoneal injection of E. coli to establish the ALI animal model. 30 minutes after injection of E. coli,the rats in treatment group were injected reduced glutathione from vena caudalis. The levels of NE in blood and expressions of SP-A in lung tissue were detected at 3,6 and 12 hours after injection of E. coli. Results ALI symptom appeared 3 hours after injection of E. coli in the control group, obvious after 6 hours, the rats vomi-ted pink secretion after 12 hours. Lung edema and bleeding were found by pathologic examination. No obvious symptom was found in treatment group after 3 hours, slight tachypnea after 6 hours, slight edema in pulmonary tissue after 12 hours. After administration of reduced glutathione,levels of NE at 3,6 and 12 hours in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group,and indicated statistical significance in 6 and 12 hours(P <0. 05) ;Levels of SP-A in 3,6 and 12 hours in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and indicated statistical significance in 3,6 and 12 hours (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant is secondary in ALI, degradation of SP-A is the one of reasons, the application of reduced glutathione as antioxidant, could effectively suppress NE to decompose basosexine elastin of cells and destroy surface active protein, has protective effect on ALI.

It is the objective of this study to develop dynamic predictive model for the extraction process of red Ginseng using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectroscopy was collected online and PLSR models were developed for total quantity of ginsenosides. The performance of NIR prediction model achieved R, RMSEC, RMSEP of 0.996 09, 0.018 9, 0.016 8, respectively. A first order dynamic mass transfer model was combined with NIR prediction of the quality indicator to predict the trajectory of the extraction process based upon the initial 3 or 4 data points. The results showed good agreement with actual measurements indicating reasonable accuracy of the predictive model. It could potentially be used for advanced predictive control of the extraction process.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Models, Theoretical ; Panax ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

A set of central composite design experiments were designed by using four factors which were ethanol amount, ethanol concentration, refrigeration temperature and refrigeration time. The relation between these factors with the target variables of the retention rate of schizandrol A, the soluble solids content, the removal rate of fructose and the removal rate of glucose were analyzed with Bayesian networks, and ethanol amount and ethanol concentration were found as the critical process parameters. Then a network model was built with 2 inputs and 4 outputs using back propagation artificial neural networks which was optimized by genetic algorithms. The R2 and MSE from the training set were 0.983 8 and 0.001 1. The R2 and MSE from the test set were 0.975 9 and 0.001 8. The results showed that network analysis method could be used for modeling of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol precipitation process and identify critical operating parameters.
Bayes Theorem ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cold Temperature ; Cyclooctanes ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fructose ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glucose ; analysis ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Polycyclic Compounds ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Time Factors

It is the objective of this study to optimize the extraction process of red ginseng to minimize the unit cost of extracting effective ingredients. The relation between the target variables of total quantity of ginsenosides and first extraction time, first extraction solution amount, second extraction time, second extract solution amount were studied with Box-Behnken experimental design method. At the same we also considered the cost of extraction solution and energy usage. The objective function was set as unit cost of target (total quantity of ginsenosides or its purity) for the multi-objective optimization of extraction process. As a result, the optimal process parameters were found as first extraction time (108.7 min), first extraction solution amount folds (12), second extraction time (30 min), second extraction solution amount folds (8) to minimize the unit cost. It indicated that this approach could potentially be used to optimize industrial extraction process for manufacturing Chinese medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; methods ; Cost Control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; isolation & purification ; Panax ; chemistry

Fragmentation behavior of diterpenoids was investigated by ESI/MSn and the qualitative analysis of diterpenoids in the bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography/ multi-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MSn). The characteristic fragmentation behaviors of the diterpenoids are the cleavages of the lactone ring and C4-O bond. Furthermore, the eliminations of substituent groups at C-18, C-7 and C-8 can also be observed in the MS" (n = 3-4) spectra. For C-4 acetoxy subsititued diterpenoids, [M+Na-60]+ and [M-H-104] are the base peaks of MS2 spectra in the positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. For C-4 hydroxyl subsititued diterpenoids, [M+Na-44]+ and [M-H-62] are the base peaks of MS2 in the positive and negative ionization modes, respectively. For C-18 glucosylated or esterized diterpenoids, [M+Na-44]+ is the base peak of MS2 spectra in positive ionization mode. These fragmentation rules were successfully exploited in the identification of diterpenoids in methanol/water (6:4) extract of P. kaempferi by LC-MS in positive ionization mode. A total of 9 diterpenoids were identified or tentatively characterized, and one of them is reported here for the first time. The described method could be utilized for the sensitive and rapid qualitative analysis of P. kaempferi.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of CT angiography(CTA)in the diagnosis of arterioportal shunts(APS)associated with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods One hundred and twenty-seven consecutive HCC patients accepted both dynamic enhancement CT and DSA examinations.The interval between CT and DSA exam was from 3 to 15 days.Based on transverse CT images in hepatic artery phase,CTA was performed for all the patients.By contrast with DSA results,the capabilities of transverse CT and transverse images combined with CTA in APS diagnosis were analyzed. Results In all 127 HCC cases,52 cases with APS were confirmed by DSA(40.94%),33 with central type of APS and 19 with peripheral type.Diagnostic sensitivity of APS based on transverse CT and combined CTA with transverse CT images were both 94.23%(49/52).However,specificity was 84.00%(63/75) and 97.33%(73/75),respectively,accuracy was 88.19%(112/127)and 96.06%(122/127),the predictive value of positive cases was 80.33%(49/61)and 96.08%(49/51),and the predictive value of negative cases was 95.45%(63/66)and 96.05%(73/76).Combined with CTA,false positive cases of 4 central type of APS and 6 peripheral type of APS were excluded which were demonstrated by transverse CT images.By contrast with DSA,the coincidence rate of the type of APS diagnosed by transverse images combined with CTA was 88.46%(46/52),including 90.91%(30/33)of central type of APS and 84.21%(16/19)of peripheral type.The supplying arteries of central type of APS were intuitively displayed by CTA in 23 cases,19 from proper hepatic artery and 4 from gastro-duodenal artery.Conclusion CTA techniques based on the dynamic enhancement CT exams could effectively promote the specificity and the accuracy of APS diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the knowledge, behavior and psychological status regarding COVID-19 epidemic in elementary and secondary school teachers, and to provide a reference for disease prevention and control at schools as well as for preparation of school returning. Methods A survey in 2 338 teachers was conducted using self-designed questionnaires about COVID-19. Results The overall awareness rate of COVID-19 knowledge was 88.79%, knowledge score was 10.65±1.09, and the school health teachers had higher score than other school staff (F＝23.87, P=0.000 1).Respondents with IP address in Hubei had higher score than those in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai(F＝10.69, P=0.014).The top three knowledge resources were news apps (Toutiao, Tencent) (87.25%), WeChat (78.06%) and telecast (74.94%).The overall healthy behavior score was 43.59±3.12, and school doctors again had higher score than other school staff (F=11.48, P=0.02).Respondents with IP address in Hubei had higher score than those in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai (F=17.08, P=0.000 7). During the epidemic, 100% respondents wore masks when taking public transportation, the highest rate of wearing masks, while 90.93% wore masks at family and friends gathering, the lowest rate of wearing masks.The top three types of masks being used were disposable medical masks (89.14%), surgical masks (43.63%) and N95 medical protective masks (34.09%).The highest rate of hand washing behavior was 99.83% for washing hands after going to toilet, while the lowest was 75.92% for washing hands after touching hair, ears and nose.The highest rate of other healthy behaviors was 94.14% for reducing family and friend gatherings, while the lowest was 71.60% for covering mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing. The correlation between health behavior and knowledge was statistically significant (r=0.081, P < 0.001).Correlation analysis showed that the degree of concern was related to the degree of teaching influence (r=0.768, P=0.0002), and the degree of anxiety was related to the degree of teaching influence (r=0.175, P < 0.001), while there was no correlation between the degree of concern and the degree of anxiety. Conclusion Elementary and secondary school teachers generally have high score in the COVID-19 knowledge test, and behaved well in wearing masks.Hand hygiene education should be further improved.There are concerns about the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on teaching.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of staged surgical treatment on central cord syndrome of the cervical spine.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted in 36 cases of central cord syndrome of the cervical spine treated with staged surgery. The patients (aged 50 to 79 years, mean 56.9 years) were divided into group A (50 to 64 years old, n=20) and group B (above 65 years old, n=16), and each group was further divided into 2 subgroups according to the range of decompression in the second stage, namely A1, B1 and A2, B2. ASIA motor score (AMS) was analyzed before the first-stage surgery, before the second-stage surgery and at the last follow-up after the second-stage surgery.

RESULTSAll the surgeries were performed successfully. The patients were followed up for 12 to 32 months (mean 18.4 months) after the second-stage surgery. After the first-stage surgery, the AMS was 75.8-/+14.6 in group A, 73.2-/+13.1 in group B, 78.5-/+10.2 in group A1, 76.8-/+9.5 in group A2, 72.2-/+12.6 in group B1 and 77.4-/+18.3 in group B2. The AMS at the last follow-up was 90.7-/+10.5 in group A, 89.5-/+12.4 in group B, 91.3-/+13.2 in group A1, 90.7-/+14.8 in group A2, 88.5-/+11.2 in group B1 and 92.4-/+13.6 in group B2. There was no significant difference between groups A and B or between the subgroups A1 and A2 and groups B1 and group B2. The AMS was 75.8-/+14.6 after the first-stage surgery and 90.7-/+10.5 at the last follow-up in group A, significantly higher than those in group B (73.2-/+13.1 and 89.5-/+12.4, respectively, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONStaged surgery is effective for treatment of central cord syndrome of the cervical spine, and the effect of the surgery is not related to the patients' age or the range of decompression.

Aged ; Central Cord Syndrome ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

AIMTo determine the relationship between C3435T mutation in exon 26 of the human multidrug resistant 1 gene and cyclosporine (CsA) pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters among healthy Chinese volunteers by nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM).

METHODSTwenty healthy subjects were given orally a single dose of 500 mg CsA in microemulsion solution. Blood CsA concentrations were measured with HPLC and the genotype for the C3435T polymorphism of MDR1 gene was determined with the PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results were further confirmed by sequencing. NONMEM was performed to assess the effect of genotype on CsA PK profile.

RESULTSMDR1 C3435T genotype was identified as the best predictor of CsA systemic exposure. The relative bioavailability of CsA was 40% higher in subjects who carried at least one 3435C allele compared to that of TT type individuals in the study population.

CONCLUSIONThe MDR1 C3435T genotype offers a potential basis of mechanism to explain inter-subject differences in CsA oral bioavailability.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Biological Availability ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Exons ; Genes, MDR ; genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic