Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of Bi-Y uan-Shu (BYS) Oral Liquid on glucocorticoid re-ceptor (GR) and nuclear factor IκBα expression of nasal sinuses mucosa epithelium among chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) models in order to explore its therapeutic mechanism for CRS from the anti-inflammatory reaction aspect. One hundred New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into the normal group, sham operation group, model group, BYS group, and clarithromycin group, with 20 rabbits in each group. After the CRS model was established, no intervention was given to the normal group, sham operation group, or model group. The intragastric administrations of BYS (1.5 mL·kg-1·d-1) and clarithromycin (25 mg·kg-1·d-1) were given for 14 days, respectively. The nasal sinuses mucosa was taken after the treatment. And HE stain was used to observe its pathological changes. Western Blotting was used in the detection of nasal sinuses mucosal epithelium cytoplasm GR and IκBα expression. The results showed that there were obvious nasal sinuses mucosa inflammatory cell infiltration, chronic inflammation changes, and obvious hyperplasia of glandular organs and goblet cells. Compared with the normal group, the GR expression was obviously reduced (P< 0.01). And the IκBα expression was obviously increased (P< 0.01). After the intragastric administration of BYS, the nasal sinuses mucosal epithelium was repaired with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, glandular organs, or goblet cells. Compared with the model group, the GR expression was obviously increased (P< 0.01). The IκBα expression was obviously decreased (P<0.01). It was concluded that BYS can promote GR expression to inhibit inflammation. Meanwhile, it can restrain IκBα expression to prevent the over inhabitation of IκBα on NF-κB. It can dynamically regulate the balance of the nasal sinuses mucosa epithelium inflammation.

Objective To investigate the expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 and their relationship with the clinicopathologic characters in basal cell carcinoma(BCC). To explore their expression between with the types of BCC of skin, especially in morpheaform BCC group. Methods Immunohistochemical SP technique was used to examine the expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 in 50 cases of BCC and 30 cases of normal tissues of skin.The expression level was analyzed combined with clinicopathological features of age, sex and types of tumor.Results Skp2 positive products located in cytoplasm or nucleus. P27kip1 positive products located in nucleus.The high expression of Skp2 and the low expression of P27kip1 were observed in BCC, there was statistical significance between the tumor group and the control group (P ＜ 0. 05 ) . The expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 were correlated with clinical types of BCC ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while which were not correlated with age and sex ( P ＞0.05 ). In BCC tissue, Skp2 expression was negatively correlated with P27kip1 ( - 0.624; P ＜ 0.05), there was no correlated with each other in morpheaform BCC group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The expression of Skp2 and P27kip1 in BCC are significant differences to normal skin tissues, and they are correlated with each other.They may play an important role in carcinogenesis and the development of BCC, and also make targets to treat it. Compared to nodular and superficial BCC group, the expression of Skp2 are higher in morpheaform BCC group, and the expression of P27kip1 is lower. They may play an important role in the types of the BCC and useful factors to predict the types of the tumor, also determine surgical margin for BCC cases.

Objective To compare the consumption of the drugs for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in patients with different blood groups. Methods One hundred female ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 30-50 yr, body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 , scheduled for elective total hysterectomy or myomectomy, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the blood group: group A ( n= 25), group B ( n = 30), group AB ( n = 11 ) and group O ( n = 34). Patients received iv injection of flurbiprofen 30 min before the end of surgery and sufentanil at the end of surgery. PCIA with sufentanil 1.2 μg/ml ( bolus dose 2.0 ml, background infusion 0.5 ml/h, lockout interval 5 min) was performed when the VAS score ≤4. The loading dose and consumption on 1 st and 2nd day after operation for sufentanil were recorded. The adverse reactions were observed.Results The loading dose and consumption on 1st day after operation for sufentanil were the highest in group A and B, the second in group AB, and the lowest in group O among the 4 groups. Conclusion The consumption of the drugs for PCIA is different in patients with different blood groups.

Baculoviruses are a family of arthropod-specific viruses that produce two morphologically distinct types of virions (budded and occlusion-derived) in their lifecycle. Baculoviruses establish infection in the midgut of their host via the oral route: occlusion-derived virions have pivotal roles in these processes. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of baculoviruses, and discusses the composition and classification of baculovirus occlusion-derived virions. The latter focuses mainly on the evolution and role of multiple occlusion-derived virions in the lifecycle of baculoviruses. These achievements should aid understanding the evolution and infection mechanisms of baculoviruses.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; Insecta ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virion ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology

Objective:To investigate the effect of porcelain bake cycles on oxide layer form ed on cobalt-chromium alloy surface.Methods:Fixed spot analysis of EPMA methods was adopted to measure the oxygen at o mic percentage inward from the edge of cross-section interface of alloy pieces. The adherent state of oxide layer on the surface of substrate alloy was observed .Results:The oxide layer on the surface of alloy had stable thickness and contain ed more and more oxide as porcelain firing times increased.In some area,oxide la yer fractured from the substrate metal.Conclusion:Cobalt-chromium alloy frame should be abrased and polished thoroughl y after porcelain bake cycles.

Chickenpox is an acute and highly infectious respiratory disease commonly seen in children.Varicela－zoster often results from the activation of latent virus in chickenpox called varicella－zoster virus（VZV）or called human herpesvirus type 3. Primary infection of VZV may induce typical disease of various severity and most healthy children infected with VZV have mild symptoms and good prognosis.But VZV infection，if occurs in special population such as persons of immune inhibition treatment will induce serious consequence or even death and it is as same serious as in adults.A detailed illustration of molecular biology，epidemiology，laboratory diagnosis，treatment and preventive strategy of the VZV were given.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia,which is rare in children.The treatment of APL mainly includes anthracycline-based chemotherapy,all-trans retinoic acid,and arsenic trioxide,which allow for complete remission,improve the long time survival rate and reduce related toxicity as well.About the optimized treatment,quick breakthroughs have already reached,not only at home in the 80's at the end of the 90's,but also abroad,like National Comprehensive Cancer Network of the United States in 2006-2013.This review summarizes the progress in diagnosis and treatment of children with APL.

Objective To explore the effects and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on treating tinnitus.Methods A total of 102 normal hearing patients with tinnitus underwent active rTMS in the left temporoparietal region.Repetitive TMS consisted of 1 000 stimulations at 1 Hz daily and 110% of the motor cortex threshold for 5 consecutive days per week (Monday to Friday) for 2 weeks.A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess tinnitus loudness.All participants were interviewed regarding age, gender, tinnitus duration, laterality and pitch etc.Results Low-frequency rTMS significantly decreased tinnitus in the head after the active stimulation.After rTMS treatments, 34 cases of tinnitus in the head showed an effective rate of 70.6%, in which 2 patients reported complete tinnitus disappearance (5.9%), 22 cases had significantly reduced effect.Sixty-eight patients in the control group showed an effective rate of 64.7%, in which 1 case''s tinnitus disappeared (1.5%) and 43 cases significantly reduced.According to the results of PTA,the hearing thresholds of the two groups had no significant difference between before and after the treatment.There were no headaches, dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, burns, seizures in all the patients after treatment.Conclusion Active low-frequency rTMS resulted in a significant reduction in the loudness of tinnitus in the head.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of two kinds of treatment methods of selective operation and emergency surgery after implantation of stents.Methods:Methods the clinical data of 90 patients with obstructive colorectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively.Temporary placement of metal stents in 30 cases,Elective surgical treatment (stent group);60 cases of emergency operation (emergency operation group).Comparing stent group and a emergency surgical resection and self-agreement,operation time,postoperative ventilation time,complications and hospitalization mortality indicators.Results:stent group one stage resection self-agreement (96.67％) were significantly higher than those of emergency surgery group(56.67％,P＜ 0.001).Postoperative complications(6.67％) stent group was obviously lower emergency surgical group(26.67％,P＜ 0 05).Support group hospitalization mortality compared with emergency surgery group,The difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Support the operative time,postoperative ventilation time (156.13 ± 49.79) min and (3.60 ± 1.40) d,respectively,significantly lower than the emergency treatment (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Implant stents can rapidly and effectively alleviate symptoms of obstructive co orecta cancer After placing stents undergoing elective surgery compared with emergency surgery can increase the resection and self-agreement,reduce the complications and can be used as aeffect ve relieve obstructive colorectal cancer treatment.