Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

Objective To explore the use of mosapride citrate in treating reflux esophagitis and nursing intervention spitley effect. Methods In 40 cases of reflux esophagitis in patients with routine therapy, and classified as the control group, the other 40 patients in the control group based on the use of mosapride citrate. And classified as the observation group, two groups of patients were in our hospital from June 2015 to January 2017. Results The study in the treatment of the two groups of patients with effective rate of 95.0%, the observation group was significantly higher than the control group 80.0%, between the two groups showed significant differences (P<0.05). The adverse effects of more than two groups found, two groups of patients with adverse reaction incidence was no significant difference, that shows no significant difference. Conclusion Mosapride citrate in reflux esophagitis treatment and intervention effect analysis found that the compared with conventional therapy, can be in At the same time, it can improve the curative effect of the patients, and will not increase the possibility of adverse reactions, so it is worthy of clinical reference.

Discussion on the construction of medical dispute prevention and control mechanism from the per -spective of crisis management and the ethical thinking are conducive to the effective prevention , control and solution of medical disputes .This can promote the healthy development of the doctor -patient relationship and has the im-portant value of ethics .At present , should strengthen the crisis management from the aspect of ethics to control medical disputes in the following aspects: establishing the medical dispute crisis -prevention mechanism by strengthening the training of medical staff′s medical ethics and medical skill;establishing the medical dispute crisis-resolution mechanism under the principle of respect for life and the patient first;establishing the medical dispute crisis assessment and post -processing mechanism around the idea of love , gratitude , and excellence development .

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia,which is rare in children.The treatment of APL mainly includes anthracycline-based chemotherapy,all-trans retinoic acid,and arsenic trioxide,which allow for complete remission,improve the long time survival rate and reduce related toxicity as well.About the optimized treatment,quick breakthroughs have already reached,not only at home in the 80's at the end of the 90's,but also abroad,like National Comprehensive Cancer Network of the United States in 2006-2013.This review summarizes the progress in diagnosis and treatment of children with APL.

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of Bi-Y uan-Shu (BYS) Oral Liquid on glucocorticoid re-ceptor (GR) and nuclear factor IκBα expression of nasal sinuses mucosa epithelium among chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) models in order to explore its therapeutic mechanism for CRS from the anti-inflammatory reaction aspect. One hundred New Zealand rabbits were selected and randomly divided into the normal group, sham operation group, model group, BYS group, and clarithromycin group, with 20 rabbits in each group. After the CRS model was established, no intervention was given to the normal group, sham operation group, or model group. The intragastric administrations of BYS (1.5 mL·kg-1·d-1) and clarithromycin (25 mg·kg-1·d-1) were given for 14 days, respectively. The nasal sinuses mucosa was taken after the treatment. And HE stain was used to observe its pathological changes. Western Blotting was used in the detection of nasal sinuses mucosal epithelium cytoplasm GR and IκBα expression. The results showed that there were obvious nasal sinuses mucosa inflammatory cell infiltration, chronic inflammation changes, and obvious hyperplasia of glandular organs and goblet cells. Compared with the normal group, the GR expression was obviously reduced (P< 0.01). And the IκBα expression was obviously increased (P< 0.01). After the intragastric administration of BYS, the nasal sinuses mucosal epithelium was repaired with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, glandular organs, or goblet cells. Compared with the model group, the GR expression was obviously increased (P< 0.01). The IκBα expression was obviously decreased (P<0.01). It was concluded that BYS can promote GR expression to inhibit inflammation. Meanwhile, it can restrain IκBα expression to prevent the over inhabitation of IκBα on NF-κB. It can dynamically regulate the balance of the nasal sinuses mucosa epithelium inflammation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of porcelain bake cycles on oxide layer form ed on cobalt-chromium alloy surface.Methods:Fixed spot analysis of EPMA methods was adopted to measure the oxygen at o mic percentage inward from the edge of cross-section interface of alloy pieces. The adherent state of oxide layer on the surface of substrate alloy was observed .Results:The oxide layer on the surface of alloy had stable thickness and contain ed more and more oxide as porcelain firing times increased.In some area,oxide la yer fractured from the substrate metal.Conclusion:Cobalt-chromium alloy frame should be abrased and polished thoroughl y after porcelain bake cycles.

Chickenpox is an acute and highly infectious respiratory disease commonly seen in children.Varicela－zoster often results from the activation of latent virus in chickenpox called varicella－zoster virus（VZV）or called human herpesvirus type 3. Primary infection of VZV may induce typical disease of various severity and most healthy children infected with VZV have mild symptoms and good prognosis.But VZV infection，if occurs in special population such as persons of immune inhibition treatment will induce serious consequence or even death and it is as same serious as in adults.A detailed illustration of molecular biology，epidemiology，laboratory diagnosis，treatment and preventive strategy of the VZV were given.

A part of pathogenetic factors of hypertensionin twenty--seven patients with hypertensive NIDDM (group 1) were observed. The control groupsincluded non-hypertensive NIDDM (group 2, n=46 ), primary hypertension (group 3, n= 15) andhealthy persons (group 4, n= 15). The oral glu-cose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin releasing test(IRT ), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an-giotensin I (ATI), aldosterone (ALD), wholeblood volume and urine protein were measured.The results showed that the plasma insulin andsodium levels and the whole blood volume weresignificantly higher in group 1 than those in con-trol group 2, the ANP level was rather lower than that in control group 4. Although the results werecorresponded with the theory that the circulatinghyperinsulinemia may lead to sodium retention andinhibited an adequate ANP stimulation by sodiumchallenge which turn to hypertension, nonhyper-tensive NIDDM patients (group 2) also have thesame findinge. So the retention of sodium and wa-ter can't be used to explain the mechanism of hy-pertension in NIDDM patients, the other patho-genetic factors especialy the factors related to thehyperinsulinemia such as PGE and PGI need to beinvestigated futher.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the significance of diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the histological pattern of distriution of HPV in condylomata acuminata(CA) by direct in situ PCR (ISPCR) technique. of the 25 patients with BA, all 10 cases with typical histopathological features of CA gave a positive reaction in tile upper layers of the epithelium. HPV was also detected in the granular ladyer and whole prickle cell layer of 11 cases of CA with no typical koilocytes. In the direct ISPCR oligonucleotides labelled with bio tin were incorporated in situ during amplification, then immunohistochemical method was used for detection. In this technique the viral existence in paraffin sections can be directly compared with the histologic changes, and can help pathologist to analyze the possibility that HPV is present in the suspected lesions.

Objective To explore the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the selection of time and pattern for termination.Methods A prospective study on 40 cases of patients with GDM was carried out.The patients' clinical data were analyzed by statistical method.Results There was a significant difference in the neonatal suffocation between insulin treatment combined with diet limitation and diet limitation alone(P0 05). Compared with 37 to 40 gestational weeks, neonatal morbidity obviously increased in 40 gestational weeks (P