In this study, plate transparent circle by Davis method was introduce firstly screening ?-Rhamnosidase high-yield strain. The spore-sprouted Aspergillus niger 8-hour were mutagenized by ethyl methane sulphonate and pre-screened via transparent circle. 11% mutants yield 40% higher of ?-rhamnosidase than the original strain. A high-yield strain, T-226 with the highest ?-rhamnosidase activity of 373.4 U/mL was finally selected from these potential high-yield mutants after rescreened by shake flask fermentation twice. When the T-226 strain was fermented in 5 L bioreactor, the enzyme activity could reach to 631.9 U/mL after 84 h. Thus, the established screening method is highly efficient to isolate ?-rhamnosidase high-yield mutant of A. niger.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary sequestration(PS) in children.Methods The clinical data of 19 children with PS confirmed by operation and(or) imaging examination from Mar.2003 to May.2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Thirteen cases were male,and 6 cases were female.One case was newborn infant.Seventeen cases received operation.Intralober type had a pulmonary lobectomy and extralobar type had a sequestrectomy.Chest X-ray and CT scan examinations were performed on the patients before operation.Results Seventeen cases got complete cure by operation,and the mean age at operation was 5.2 years.Chest enhanced CT indicated abnormal feeding arteries.Lobectomy was performed in 13 cases of intralobar PS,4 cases of extralobar PS were resected in the separated lung tissue,and all patients had unilateral lesions.No late deaths occurred in this group except 1 case who was complicated with malformation,and the postoperative follow-up showed an excellent recovery.Conclusions The main diagnostic methods of PS are CT and angiography.The diagnosis of PS can be confirmed when systemic feeding arteries are indicated on enhanced CT scans.Surgical resection is the main choice of treatment in all cases of PS in order to prevent recurrent infection and hemoptysis.The excellent results can be obtained by surgery.

The occurrence rate of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PCI) was quite high. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proved to have the effect in preventing and curing restenosis. In this article, turbid-phlegm was proved to be directly related with restenosis after PCI in aspects of coronary arteriography, blood lipid, blood viscosity, fibrolysis system, free radicals, plasma homocysteine, insulin resistance, etc. So it is one of the important pathogenetic factors of restenosis after PCI in TCM.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Restenosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Feiji Recipe (FR) intervening indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) induced immune escape on the murine model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Methods Totally 48 C57BL/6 mice inoculated with Lewis lung cancer cells transfected with human (enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)-IDO gene were divided into four groups according to radom digit table, i.e., the model group (administered with normal saline by gastrogavage) , the Chinese medicine group (treated with FR Decoction at the daily dose of 100 mg/g by gastrogavage), the 1-methyl-D-trytaphan (1-MT) group (administered with 1-MT mixed liquor at the daily dose of 100 mg/kg by gastrogavage), and the Paclitaxel group (treated with Paclitaxel at the daily dose of 15 mg/kg by peritoneal injection), 12 in each group. The intervention was started from the 2nd day of modeling. The survival time was observed in 24 of them. Ratios of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen were detected in the rest 24 mice by flow cytometry respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, the survival time was significantly prolonged in the Chinese medicine group and the 1-MT group (P < 0.01); ratios of Treg cells remarkably decreased in the Chinese medicine group, the 1-MT group, and the Paclitaxel group (P < 0. 01). Compared with the Paclitaxel group, the survival time was significantly prolonged in the Chinese medicine group and the 1-MT group (P < 0.01); ratios of Treg cells decreased significantly in the 1-MT group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFR could inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells and immune eseape, improve the immune function, and prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Paclitaxel ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

OBJECTIVEThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in initiating dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation. This study was designed to examine the effects of inhaled budesonide on TSLP expression in the lung tissues and on the bronchial-pulmonary pathology in asthmatic rats.

METHODSThirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized and challenged with inhaled ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. The asthmatic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups on the 22nd day of OVA challenge: a budesonide treatment group that received inhaled budesonide at 0.32 mg/kg daily for 7 days and an asthma control group that received inhaled 0.9% normal saline for 7 days. TSLP expression in the lung tissues was measured by Western blot and fluorescent-immunohistochemistry 29 and 36 days after OVA challenge. Bronchial-pulmonary pathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining.

RESULTSBudesonide treatment alleviated airway inflammation when compared with the asthma control group 29 days after OVA challenge. However, the airway inflammatory reactions were aggravated in the budesonide treatment group 36 days after OVA challenge (7 days after budesonide discontinuance). TSLP expression in the lung tissues was significantly lower in the budesonide treatment group than that in the asthma control group both 29 and 36 days after OVA challenge (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSInhaled budesonide can inhibit the TSLP expression in the lung tissues and alleviate lung inflammatory reactions in asthmatic rats, but there is end-of-dose failure.

Administration, Inhalation ; Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchi ; pathology ; Budesonide ; administration & dosage ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the diagnosis of Chance fractures of thoracolumbar spine and the clinical efficacy of segmental pedicle screw instrumentation in the treatment.

METHODSThe clinical data of 16 patients with Chance fractures from January 2000 to January 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with segmental pedicle screw instrumentation. Radiology and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate the efficacy.

RESULTSOne case associated with open dislocation of ankle and craniocerebral injury, 3 cases with calcaneus fracture and 1 with kidney contusion. All cases were followed up from 7 months to 6 years, with a mean of 2.6 years. There were no operation complications. The anterior vertebral body height of fracture vertebra was restored from preoperative (63.3 +/- 6.8)% to postoperative (92.1 +/- 4.0)%, at the follow-up (90.7 +/- 3.6)%. There was a significant improvement between preoperative and postoperative values (P < 0.01) and no difference between initial postoperative and final follow-up (P > 0.05). The mean ODI was 4.9.

CONCLUSIONSThe injuries associated with Chance fracture caused by a fall and its mechanism are different from those with the safety belt injury. The segmental pedicle screw instrumentation can rebuild spinal stabilization and restore spinal alignment in treatment of Chance fractures.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; etiology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDThe long-term effects of bone marrow-derived cells (BMC) transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been established. The present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with follow-up ≥ 2 years was performed to investigate the long-term effects of BMC therapy in patients after AMI.

METHODSSpecific terms were used to conduct a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the China Biological Medicine Disk database from their inception to March 2012. A standardized protocol was used to extract information, and random effect model was used to analyze all data except major adverse events.

RESULTSFive trials comprising 510 patients were included. Compared with controls, BMC therapy significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (4.18%, 95%CI: 2.02% to 6.35%, P = 0.0002), while mildly but not significantly reduced left ventricular end-systolic volume (-4.47 ml, 95%CI: -10.92 to 1.99, P = 0.17) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (-2.29 ml, 95%CI: -9.96 to 5.39, P = 0.56). Subgroup analysis revealed that significant improvement of LVEF induced by BMC therapy could be observed in patients with baseline LVEF ≤ 42%, but disappeared in those with baseline LVEF > 42%. There were trends in favor of BMC therapy for most major clinical adverse events, though most differences were not significant.

CONCLUSIONSIntracoronary BMC infusion in patients with AMI seems to be safe and may further improve LVEF on top of standard therapy; especially the beneficial effects could last for long term. The findings need to be validated in the future.

Acute Disease ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVETo study the alteration of thymus matrix lymphocyte generator (TSLP) and change of the Th factor in the course of disease development, and to analyze the curative effect of inhalation of Vitamin A (VA) with corticosteroid for the treatment of asthmatic pneumonia.

METHODSAsthmatic pneumonia models were prepared by challenging rats with inhalation of ovalbumin for 4 weeks, and rested for 1 week. The treatment with VA and corticosteroid inhalation for 1 week was followed. The rat thymus and lung specimen were examen by histochemical and immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSAfter 4 - 5 weeks of stimulation, there were more TSLP-positive cells and alveolar macrophages (AM) found in thymus and lung tissue of asthmatic group, the cell proliferation in spleen and thymus was obvious, and blood Th factors elevated. The inflammation within the lung tissue aggravated gradually. In VA group, the expression of TSLP and Th2 factors were all lowered at the 4th week. The TSLP expression slightly increased at the 5th week, and the cell proliferation within T-cell zone of spleen and thymus was strong at first and weakened later. Alveolar microphages (AM) increased significantly and the inflammation in the lung subsided gradually at the 5th week. In the hormone group, TSLP and Th2 factors expression in both thymus and lung were decreased at the 5th week, while the cell proliferation in thymus and lung was gradually increased. The quantity of AM was decreased, whereas the inflammation of the lung was increased gradually at the 5th week.

CONCLUSIONDuring asthmatic period elevated TSLP expression was accompanied by Th2 type responses while VA and corticosteroid both suppressed TSLP and Th2 factors expression. VA alone promoted T lymphocyte proliferation as well as the antigen elimination function by AM, after ceasing the usage, the lung inflammation abated gradually. In contrast, after ceasing the use of corticosteroid, inflammation aggravated.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Asthma ; complications ; Beclomethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vitamin A ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

To investigate the correlation between genotype and distribution of Pogostemon cablin by sequencing ITS1 and ITS2 genes, and provide molecular information for its germplasm evaluation, ITS1 and ITS2 genes of Pogostemon cablin from different localities were identified by PCR direct sequencing. The sequences of ITS1 and ITS2 genes were 424 bp and 380 bp in length, respectively. And nineteen base substitutions were observed in ITS1 gene, and five in ITS2 gene. The results showed a good correlation between genotype and distribution of Pogostemon cablin, and ITS gene sequencing could provide useful molecular information for germplasm evaluation of the plant species verification.
Base Sequence ; Biodiversity ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Genotype ; Geography ; Lamiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, which has antiretroviral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the HBV DNA replication inhibition in the mouse model with betulinic acid. Hydrodynamic injection method via the tail vein with the Paywl. 3 plasmid was used to establish the animal mode (n = 15), and the mice were randomly divided into the PBS control group (n = 5), Betulinic acid treatment group (n = 5) and lamivudine control group (n = 5). The day after successful modeling , the mice would have taken Betulinic acid (100 mg x kg(-1)), lamivudine (50 mg x kg(-1)), PBS drugs orally, once daily for 7 days, blood samples were acquired from the orbital venous blood at 3, 5, 7 days after the administering, HBsAg and HBeAg in serum concentration were measured by ELISA and the mice were sacrificed after 7 days, HBV DNA southern detections were used with part of mice livers. The results showed that betulinic acid significantly inhibited the expression of HbsAg in the mice model at the fifth day compared with the control group, and there was no significant differences between the effects of lamivudine and the PBS control group; both the betulinic acid and lamivudine groups had no significant inhibition for the HBeAg expression; the HBV DNA expressions of the liver tissue from the betulinic acid and lamivudine groups were inhibited compared with the control group. Taken together, these results reveal betulinic acid can inhibit the HBsAg expression and replication of the liver HBV DNA in the mouse model.
Acute Disease ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA Replication ; drug effects ; DNA, Viral ; biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B ; blood ; virology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; immunology ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology ; Virus Replication ; drug effects