OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of suturing-assisted locking plate in treating elderly proximal humeral fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to January 2013, 55 elderly patients with three- and four-part fractures of proximal humeral fractures were divided into treatment group and control group. In treatment group, there were 31 patients including 12 males, and 19 females aged from 65 to 85 with an average of (74.00±5.42) years old, and treated with suturing-assisted locking plates; 19 patients were Neer 3-part fractures, and 12 patients were Neer 4-part fractures of proximal humerus; 23 patients were suffered from low-energy injuries and 8 patients were caused by high-energy injuries. In control group, there were 24 patients including 7 males, and 17 females aged from 65 to 85 with an average of (72.79±5.34) years old, and treated with locking plates; 16 patients were Neer 3-part fractures, and 8 patients were Neer 4-part fractures of proximal humerus; 17 patients were suffered from low-energy injuries and 7 patients were caused by high-energy injuries. Operative time, blood loss during operation, and bone healing time between two groups were observed and compared. Postoperative Neer scoring were used to evaluate recovery of shoulder joint function.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 6 to 24 months with an average of 16.1 months. In treatment group, blood loss was (495.806±143.150) ml, function of Neer scoring was 22.645±2.443, range of action was 18.194±2.613, anatomy was 7.935±1.504 and total score of Neer scoring was 77.161±8.335; while in control group, blood loss was (641.667±169.851) ml, function of Neer scoring was 13.958±1.989, range of action was 13.083±2.165, anatomy was 5.500±1.978 and total score of Neer scoring was 58.792±7.313. There were sigificant difference between two groups in these indexes.

CONCLUSIONSuturing-assisted locking plate for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures in elderly, has advantages of less blood loss, simple fracture reduction and rapid recovery of shoulder joint, and is a effective method.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Recovery of Function ; Shoulder Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Sutures

The chemical constituents of 95% ethanol extract of Melastoma dodecandrum were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC, to obtain thirteen compounds eventually. On the basis of their physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, these compounds were identified as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetin-3-O-(6"-O-p-coumaroyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol (4), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O- [2",6"-di-O-(E)-coumaroyl]-β-D-glucopyra-noside (6), luteolin (7), luteolin-7-O-(6"-p-coumaroyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside (8), apigenin (9), apigenin-7-(6"-acetyl-glucopyranoside) (10) , naringenin (11), isovitexin (12), and epicatechin-[8,7-e] -4β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dyhydroxyl-2(3H)-pyranone (13). Eight compounds(3,5,6,8-11 and 13) were obtained from M. dodecandrum for the first time.
Apigenin ; analysis ; Chromatography ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dextrans ; Flavanones ; analysis ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; analysis ; Luteolin ; analysis ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analysis ; Silica Gel

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effects of the circumcision stapler, circumcision cerclage, and traditional circumcision in the treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce.

METHODSUsing the circumcision stapler (group A), foreskin cerclage (group B), and traditional circumcision (group C), we treated 276 patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce. We made comparisons among the three groups in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and 24-hour postoperative pain scores, and incidence of postoperative complications. Results: The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative pain score were (6.52 ± 2.45) min, (1.93 ± 0.82) ml, and 1.37 ± 0.68 in group A and (7.24 ± 1.86) min, (1.51 ± 0.72) ml, and 1.20 ± 0.79 in group B, all significantly lower than (28. 36 ± 4.22) min, (9.52 ± 3.29) ml, and 3.06 ± 0.75 in group C (P <0.05). The 24-hour postoperative pain score was remarkably higher in group B than in A and C (3. 18 ± 0. 82 vs 1. 85 ± 0. 63 and 1. 82 ± 0. 75, P <0. 05). The incidence rate of postoperative complications was markedly lower in group A than in B (5. 43% vs 14. 13%, P < 0.05), but with no significant differences between either A and C or B and C (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe circumcision stapler, with its advantages of simple operation, minimal invasiveness, fewer complications, and better cosmetic result, deserves a wider clinical application.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Foreskin ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative ; diagnosis ; Penis ; abnormalities ; Phimosis ; therapy ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of indoor air pollution and individual susceptible factors on prevalence of children's asthma and asthma-related symptoms in Shenyang city.

METHODSOn April, 2007, 8733 Han children who were under age of 12 and lived for more than 2 years in Shenyang city, were selected from five administrative areas (one primary school and two kindergartens for each area) through cluster random sampling method. Information on children's general condition, asthma and related symptoms (including stridor, stridor symptoms, persistent cough, persistent phlegm), indoor air pollution, and susceptibility history were obtained by a standard questionnaire from the American Thoracic Society. The effects of indoor air pollution on asthma and asthma-related symptoms was analyzed through χ(2) test. Logistic regression was used to research the effects of risk factors on the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms of both susceptible and non-susceptible children.

RESULTSAmong the 8733 subjects, 4420 (50.6%) were boy and 4313 (49.4%) were girl, with the age of (8.08 ± 2.88) years old. The prevalence of asthma, current asthma, cough, persistent phlegm, stridor and stridor symptom were 6.4% (559 cases), 2.5% (215 cases), 9.6% (836 cases), 4.4% (386 cases), 17.5% (1524 cases) and 2.6% (229 cases) respectively. The prevalence of asthma the boys and girls were among 7.1% (313 cases) and 5.7% (246 cases) (χ(2) = 6.916, P < 0.05); and stridor symptom for them were 19.2% (850 cases), 15.6% (674 cases) (χ(2) = 19.678, P < 0.05), respectively. Passive smoking before two years old, house decoration and pet were related to asthma of children, and there was significant difference between the two groups. The prevalence of asthma of exposed children were 7.7% (312 cases), 9.5% (159 cases), 8.0% (270 cases), 9.0% (114 cases), respectively. Compared with the non-exposed children who had asthma, the prevalence of asthma were 5.7% (400 cases), 5.4% (289 cases), 6.0% (445 cases), the value of χ(2) were 33.646, 23.944 and 16.527 respectively (all P values < 0.05). Children who had family history of asthma, family history of allergy and allergy history were also related with asthma, the prevalence of asthma were 17.3% (106 cases), 13.1% (85 cases), 22.0% (147 cases), compared with the non-exposed children who had asthma, the prevalence of asthma were 5.5% (453), 5.9% (474), 5.1% (412), and there was significant difference between the two groups, the value of χ(2) were 130.522, 59.929 and 293.997, respectively (all P values < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that passive smoking (OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2 - 2.4), house decoration (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 1.9) and pet (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.1 - 2.3) were statistically significant to asthma in non-susceptible children. While passive smoking (OR = 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0 - 1.7) and house decoration (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.1 - 1.7) were increased the risk of asthma.

CONCLUSIONIndoor air pollution is a risk factor of children' s asthma. Family history of asthma and physical susceptible children are high risk to asthma, and susceptible children are easily influenced by other risk factors.

Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the interaction effects of breastfeeding and passive smoking on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children.

METHODSUsing a cluster random sampling method, 2 elementary schools and 1 kindergarten were randomly selected from 7 cities of Liaoning province. The resulting 25 elementary schools and 50 kindergartens were included, and 31 049 children from the selected schools living up to 2 years were recruited in this survey. The information about the children's type of feeding up, living environment, passive smoking exposure, respiratory diseases and symptoms were collected. The interaction effects of breastfeeding and passive smoking on asthma and asthma related symptoms (persistent cough,persistent phlegm, current wheeze and allergic rhinitis) were evaluated with Glimmix procedure.

RESULTSThere were 31 049 children involved in this investigation. The age was (8.32 ± 2.75) years old. There were 23 987 (77.26%) children with breastfeeding and 11 820 (38.07%) children with passive smoking. The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis were 6.22%(1491/23 987), 4.67%(1120/23 987) in children with breastfeeding, and were 7.70%(544/7062), 5.48%(387/7062) in children without breastfeeding,compared to the children without breastfeeding, the children with breastfeeding had lower risk of asthma(OR = 0.79, 95%CI:0.72-0.88) and allergic rhinitis(OR = 0.85, 95%CI:0.75-0.95); The prevalence of current wheeze was 7.89%(929/11 770) in children with father smoking, and was 5.37%(1036/19 279) in children without father smoking, compared to the children without father smoking, the children with father smoking increased the risk of current wheeze(OR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.38-1.65). The prevalence of persistent cough was 18.96%(51/269) in children with mother smoking, and was 9.51%(2926/30 780) in children without mother smoking,compared to the children without mother smoking, the children with mother smoking increased the risk of persistent cough(OR = 2.23, 95%CI:1.64-3.03). The prevalence of persistent phlegm was 5.69%(871/5316) in children with anyone smoking, and was 3.50%(550/15 733) in children without anyone smoking, compared to the children without anyone smoking, the children with anyone smoking increased the risk of persistent phlegm(OR = 1.67, 95%CI:1.49-1.86).Glimmix procedure analysis showed there was a significant interaction effects between breastfeeding and passive smoking. The estimated OR for father smoking among breastfeeding children were consistently lower than those among non-breastfeeding children for asthma. The estimated OR for mother smoking among breastfeeding children were consistently lower than those among non-breastfeeding children for allergic rhinitis. The estimated OR for anyone smoking among breastfeeding children were consistently lower than those among non-breastfeeding children for asthma and allergic rhinitis(all P values < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBreastfeeding decreases the detrimental effects of passive smoking on asthma and asthma related symptoms in children.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVEOver the past few decades, secondhand smoke exposure among children become more serious and with China's implementation of the national policy of family planning and the family structure change, domestic pet has gradually become popular. This survey aimed to investigate the interactive effects of pet ownership and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on children's respiratory diseases and symptoms.

METHODUsing a cluster random sampling method, 5 elementary schools and 10 kindergartens were randomly selected from each district of Shenyang, and all children from the selected schools were recruited in this survey. The information about the children's respiratory diseases, conditions of pets ownership and ETS exposure were collected by an international standard questionnaire from American Thoracic Society.

RESULTA total of 9679 questionnaires were distributed to all the students enrolled in the selected schools, and 8798 completed questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 90.9%. Finally, 8733 questionnaires were used for further analysis. The results showed that the number of the patients and the prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis in children were 835 (9.57%), 366 (4.42%), 559 (6.40%), 215 (2.46%), 229 (2.62%), 397 (4.55%), respectively. After controlling for the effects of age, gender and other confounding factors, the results from the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that either pet ownership or the ETS exposure significantly increased the risk of prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms in children. Compared with control group children, only the prenatal exposure to passive smoking or domestic pets made the risk of children with allergic rhinitis increased respectively 34% (OR = 1.34, 95%CI = 0.99 - 1.80) and 106% (OR = 2.06, 95%CI = 1.28 - 3.31), while the exposure of these two factors made the risk of children with allergic rhinitis increased 376% (OR = 4.76, 95%CI = 2.65 - 8.85), compared with the separate effect, the range of increase was 2.5 times.There was a significant interaction between pet ownership and ETS exposure on persistent cough, persistent phlegm, and allergic rhinitis in children, whereas, the combined effects of these two factors on doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma, and wheeze was approximately as expected on the basis of their independent effects on an additive scale.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides evidence that pet ownership and ETS exposure increases the risk of respiratory diseases and symptoms in children, and there was a significant interaction effects between these two factors on some respiratory diseases and symptoms.

Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pets ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children.

METHODSUsing a cluster random sampling method, 2 elementary schools and 1 kindergarten were randomly selected from each of the 5 districts of Shenyang, and a total of 10 elementary schools and 5 kindergartens were included, and 8733 children from the selected schools were recruited in this survey. The information about the type of feeding, living environment and respiratory diseases of the selected children from the time they were born was collected by an international standard questionnaire. Evaluating the effect of breastfeeding on asthma and asthma related symptoms (asthma, current asthma, current wheeze, persistent cough, persistent phlegm, and allergic rhinitis) by χ² test and logistic regression.

RESULTSThere were 8733 children involved in this study. The age was (8.00 ± 2.88) years old. There were 6830 breastfed children. The percentage of breastfed children was 78.21%. In breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 6.12% (418/6830), 3.97% (271/6830), 4.17% (285/6830), respectively. In non-breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 7.41% (141/1903), 6.04% (115/1903), 5.89% (112/1903), respectively. Compared to the non-breastfed children, the breastfed children had significantly lower prevalence (all P values < 0.05). After adjustment for 302 cases of atopy history of children's mother, the results showed that in breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 14.69% (36/245), 4.08% (10/245), 7.35% (18/245), respectively. In non-breastfed children, the prevalence of asthma, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis were 33.33% (19/57), 14.04% (8/57), 17.54% (10/57), respectively. The breastfed children had statistically lower prevalence (all P values < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that breastfeeding was significantly associated with lower prevalence of asthma (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.64 - 0.96), allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.57 - 0.90), persistent cough (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.69 - 0.96) and persistent expectoration (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.48 - 0.76).

CONCLUSIONBreastfed children had lower prevalence of asthma and asthma related symptoms compared with non-breastfed children.

Asthma ; epidemiology ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo establish the HPLC fingerprint of Xuelian injection.

METHODHPLC with Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used, the methanol-1% acetic acid as a mobile phase and detection wavelength at 270 nm.

RESULTIndicating 11 peaks on HPLC fingerprint.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple and acurate with a good reproducibility and can be used as a quality control method for Xuelian injection.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Injections ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Saussurea ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine whether genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C), methionine synthase (MS A2756G) were associated with the risks of pancreatic cancer.

METHODSA hospital-based, case-control study consisting of 101 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 337 controls matched on age, sex and race was conducted to investigate the association between polymorphism in MTHFR and MS, and susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Genotypes of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MS A2756G were analyzed by polymerase chain reasction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.

RESULTSIt was found that multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (ORs; 95% confidence interval) for MTHFR-677CT and 677TT compared with 677CC were 2.17 (1.26 - 3.85) and 3.53 (1.85 - 6.84) respectively, which was in a manner of allele-dose relationship. However, no significant association between the A1298C genotype alone and the risk of cancer was observed which seemed that this polymorphism had a combined effect with the C677T polymorphism. A significant gene-environment interaction was observed between C677T polymorphism and cigarette smoking or alcohol intake. Subjects with variant genotypes who smoked > 17 pack-years had highest risk for developing the cancer, with the OR of 5.58 (2.53 - 12.30). Similarly, the OR (3.27, 1.51 - 7.23) for subjects with variant genotypes of alcohol drinker was significantly higher than that for subjects either having the variant genotype or being drinkers. No association was found between MS A2756G polymorphism and risk of pancreatic cancer in the study.

CONCLUSIONThese findings supported the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in MTHFR C677T might contribute to the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo study the alkaloids of Macleaya cordata and their anti-tumor activities.

METHODAlcohol and liquid-liquid extraction were used methods were used to extract the alkaloids constituents, and silica gel, reverse-phase octadecylsilyl (ODS), sephadex LH-20 chromatographic methods and HPLC were applied to isolate and purify compounds. MS, NMR spectroscopic methods were used to determine their structures. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these chemical components for MCF-7 and SF-268 cell lines was measured by MTT method.

RESULTTwelve alkaloids were isolated from the fruits of M. cordata, and their structures were identified as: maclekarpine E (1), 6-acetonyldihyrochelerythrine (2), cavidilinine (3), 6-acetonyldihyrosanguinnarine (4), O-methylzanthoxyline (5), 6-methoxy-dihydrosanguinarine (6), spallidamine (7), 6-hydroxyldihydrochelerythrine (8), arnotianamida (9), dihydrosanguinarine (10), protopine (11), and cryptopine (12).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 3, 7-9 were isolated from M. cordata for the first time, and compound 5 is a new natural product. The results of cytotoxic assay indicated that compound 6 showed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and SF-268 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.61 μmol · L(-1) and 0.54 μmol · L(-1), respectively.

Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry