Apoptosis ; Brain ; growth & development ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Organ Size

S100A4, a member of S100 superfamily of Ca~(2+)-binding proteins, is a polypeptide containing 101 amino acids. S100A4, which is overexpressed in most tumor cells, plays pivotal roles in growth, invasion and migration of tumor by regulating cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of cells. This article reviews S100A4′s structure, function and potential application as the new target in the therapy of tumors.

Objective: To analyze the surveillance results of common diseases among primary and middle school students in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2020, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control measures for common diseases among primary and middle school students. Methods: The comprehensive health surveillance data of 31 467 primary and middle school students were collected from 132 schools in 14 divisions of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2020, and the prevalence of poor vision, overweight and obesity, dental caries, malnutrition and elevated blood pressure were descriptively analyzed. Results: The 31 467 students included 15 580 boys ( 49.51% ) and 15 887 girls ( 50.49% ). There were 19 632 students ( 62.39% ) from urban areas and 11 835 ( 37.61% ) from suburban areas, and there were 11 371 primary students ( 36.14% ), 11 169 junior high school students ( 35.49% ) and 8 927 high school students ( 28.37% ). The detection rates of poor vision, overweight and obesity, dental caries, elevated blood pressure, and malnutrition were 57.22%, 29.69%, 27.57%, 15.03%, and 4.81%, respectively. The detection rates of overweight and obesity ( 36.07% vs. 23.45%, P<0.05 ) and malnutrition ( 5.71% vs. 3.93%, P<0.05 ) were significantly higher, while the detection rates of poor vision ( 51.61% vs. 62.72%, P<0.05 ), dental caries ( 24.46% vs. 30.63%, P<0.05 ) and elevated blood pressure ( 14.61% vs. 15.43%, P<0.05 ) were significantly lower in boys than in girls. The detection rates of overweight and obesity ( 30.17% vs. 28.91%, P<0.05 ) and poor vision ( 61.55% vs. 50.04%, P<0.05 ) were significantly higher, while the prevalence rates of malnutrition ( 4.55% vs. 5.24%, P<0.05 ), dental caries ( 24.47% vs. 32.73%, P<0.05 ) and elevated blood pressure (14.66% vs. 15.63%, P<0.05) were significantly lower in students from urban areas than from suburban areas. In addition, the prevalence of malnutrition and poor vision appeared a tendency towards a rise, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity, dental caries and elevated blood pressure appeared a tendency towards a decline among primary and middle school students with the study period (P<0.05 ). Conclusions The prevalence of poor vision, overweight and obesity, and dental caries is relatively high among primary and middle school students in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and comorbid overweight and obesity and malnutrition is found.

Objective To investigate the influence of low tidal volume (VT ) combined with low level positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) on the respiratory function of elderly patients in general anesthesia .Methods 46 elderly patients scheduled for up-per abdominal surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups ,23 cases in each group .The control group received the conventional tidal volume (VT ) ,while the observation group was given low VT combined with 3cm H2 O of PEEP ,both groups were given intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) .The arterial blood was collected for conducting the blood gas analysis before operation(T0 ) ,at 30 min after anesthetic intubation(T1 ) and 15 min after extubation(T2 ) .The changes of the indexes of PaO2 ,PaCO2 ,Ppeek and A-aDO2 at various time points were compared between the two groups .Results PaO2 at T2 in the observa-tion group was(83 .58 ± 2 .43) mmHg ,which was significantly higher than that in the control group ,while A-aDO2 in the observa-tion group was(21 .50 ± 2 .12) ,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0 .05);Ppeek at T1 in the observa-tion group was(11 .27 ± 1 .22) cm H2O ,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The application of low VT combined with low PEEP in general anesthesia can effectively improve postoperative hypoxemia in elderly pa-tients and is conducive to the respiratory function recovery ,which has better clinical application value .

[Objective]To explore the therapeutic effects of angelica and sodium ferulate (SF) on experimental osteoarthritis and the related mechanisms in rats. [Method]Animal models of osteoarthritis were established in 40 rats by intra-articular injection of 4% papain. The rats were divided into five groups-model control group,25% and 5% angelica treatment groups, 0.5% and 0.1% SF treatment groups.Another additional 8 rats were used as normal control. Bilateral knees of the animalsin the treatment groups began receiving intra-articular injection of 0.1ml angelica injection or SF of corresponding concentration respectively every 3 days while those of the animals in the control groups received saline. All the animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later and samples of the cartilage, plasma and synovial fluid were taken. The contents of MDA and the activities of SOD in the plasma and synovial fluid were detected.Histological examinations of the cartilage were performed and immunohistochemical analyses for MMP-1, TIMP-1, Bcl-2 and Bax in the cartilage were done.[Result]25% Angelica and 0.5% SF significantly decreased the levels of MDA in both plasma and synovial fluid (P

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in neurotoxic mechanisms of beta amyloid (A?) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods 35 adult rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control,saline injection,and A? 1 40 injection groups A? 1 40 was initially solubilized in saline (10?g/?l) and incubated for at least 1 week before use 1?l incubated A? 1 40 or saline were injected into dorsal blade of dentate gyrus in right hippocampus of rats Immunohistochemical assay of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) was performed at the 2 nd,10 th,and 30 th day after A? 1 40 or saline injection. Results The nNOS like immunoreactivity (nNOSLIR) neurons were found in different brain regions such as cortex,striatum and hippocampus of normal rats,and the number of neurons in dentate gyrus was 8 96?0 31 The number and configuration of nNOSLIR neurons were found without changes after saline injection (8 97?0 29) At 2,10,and 30 d after A? 1 40 injection,the number of nNOS neurons at the site around injection was significantly reduced (3 13?0 27,2 89?0 19 and 2 91?0 25 respectively),but there were no notable differences at these three experimental time points iNOS like immunoreactivity (iNOSLIR) cells were not found in any brain region of normal or saline injected rats After A? 1 40 injection,a large percentage of glia (mainly were astrocytes) had an activated morphological change and showed a strong iNOSLIR around the injection site The responded areas with these cells were 0 905?0 082,0 962?0 161 and 0 935?0 125 mm 2 respectively at 2,10 and 30 day after A? 1 40 injection,but there appeared no significant differences among them. Conclusions The results demonstrate that intrahippocampal injection of A? 1 40 may result in a significant loss of nNOS neurons and induce a considerable expression of iNOS in astrocytes,indicating that NOS may play an important role in neurotoxic mechanisms of A? and the pathogenesis of AD