Apoptosis ; Brain ; growth & development ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Organ Size

Objective To investigate the influence of low tidal volume (VT ) combined with low level positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) on the respiratory function of elderly patients in general anesthesia .Methods 46 elderly patients scheduled for up-per abdominal surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups ,23 cases in each group .The control group received the conventional tidal volume (VT ) ,while the observation group was given low VT combined with 3cm H2 O of PEEP ,both groups were given intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) .The arterial blood was collected for conducting the blood gas analysis before operation(T0 ) ,at 30 min after anesthetic intubation(T1 ) and 15 min after extubation(T2 ) .The changes of the indexes of PaO2 ,PaCO2 ,Ppeek and A-aDO2 at various time points were compared between the two groups .Results PaO2 at T2 in the observa-tion group was(83 .58 ± 2 .43) mmHg ,which was significantly higher than that in the control group ,while A-aDO2 in the observa-tion group was(21 .50 ± 2 .12) ,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0 .05);Ppeek at T1 in the observa-tion group was(11 .27 ± 1 .22) cm H2O ,which was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The application of low VT combined with low PEEP in general anesthesia can effectively improve postoperative hypoxemia in elderly pa-tients and is conducive to the respiratory function recovery ,which has better clinical application value .

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; physiology ; Animals ; Cadmium ; toxicity ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; physiology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

[Objective]To explore the therapeutic effects of angelica and sodium ferulate (SF) on experimental osteoarthritis and the related mechanisms in rats. [Method]Animal models of osteoarthritis were established in 40 rats by intra-articular injection of 4% papain. The rats were divided into five groups-model control group,25% and 5% angelica treatment groups, 0.5% and 0.1% SF treatment groups.Another additional 8 rats were used as normal control. Bilateral knees of the animalsin the treatment groups began receiving intra-articular injection of 0.1ml angelica injection or SF of corresponding concentration respectively every 3 days while those of the animals in the control groups received saline. All the animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later and samples of the cartilage, plasma and synovial fluid were taken. The contents of MDA and the activities of SOD in the plasma and synovial fluid were detected.Histological examinations of the cartilage were performed and immunohistochemical analyses for MMP-1, TIMP-1, Bcl-2 and Bax in the cartilage were done.[Result]25% Angelica and 0.5% SF significantly decreased the levels of MDA in both plasma and synovial fluid (P

Objective To explore artifactual responses of auditory steady-state reponses (ASSRs) to bone-conduction stimuli.Methods The present study involved a group of subjects,aged between 5 to 39 months,with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing losse.Recorded were the reponses to multiple bone-conducted 0.5,1,2,4 kHz tone pips repeated at the rates of 77～101 Hz.All the subjects were sedated by Hydrate Chloride during the testing.Results Artifactual ASSRs were seen at 115 and 100.5 dB (re:1?N) (The above levels are equivalent to around 60 dB HL) at 1 and 4 kHz.No artifactual responses were recorded at 0.5 and 2 kHz stimuli at the maximum output level.Conclusion Bone-conducted hearing loss greater than moderate can not be tested reliablely due to artifactual responses and lower maximum output level than that of air conduction.

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in neurotoxic mechanisms of beta amyloid (A?) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Methods 35 adult rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control,saline injection,and A? 1 40 injection groups A? 1 40 was initially solubilized in saline (10?g/?l) and incubated for at least 1 week before use 1?l incubated A? 1 40 or saline were injected into dorsal blade of dentate gyrus in right hippocampus of rats Immunohistochemical assay of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) was performed at the 2 nd,10 th,and 30 th day after A? 1 40 or saline injection. Results The nNOS like immunoreactivity (nNOSLIR) neurons were found in different brain regions such as cortex,striatum and hippocampus of normal rats,and the number of neurons in dentate gyrus was 8 96?0 31 The number and configuration of nNOSLIR neurons were found without changes after saline injection (8 97?0 29) At 2,10,and 30 d after A? 1 40 injection,the number of nNOS neurons at the site around injection was significantly reduced (3 13?0 27,2 89?0 19 and 2 91?0 25 respectively),but there were no notable differences at these three experimental time points iNOS like immunoreactivity (iNOSLIR) cells were not found in any brain region of normal or saline injected rats After A? 1 40 injection,a large percentage of glia (mainly were astrocytes) had an activated morphological change and showed a strong iNOSLIR around the injection site The responded areas with these cells were 0 905?0 082,0 962?0 161 and 0 935?0 125 mm 2 respectively at 2,10 and 30 day after A? 1 40 injection,but there appeared no significant differences among them. Conclusions The results demonstrate that intrahippocampal injection of A? 1 40 may result in a significant loss of nNOS neurons and induce a considerable expression of iNOS in astrocytes,indicating that NOS may play an important role in neurotoxic mechanisms of A? and the pathogenesis of AD

Objective To determine whether Trichophyton rubrum isolated from different lesions in the same patient is of different strains. Methods DNA was extracted from the isolates, then subjected to a polymerase chain reaction-based typing which analyzed the number of repetitive elements in the non-transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA gene repeats. Results Thirty-six strains of T. rubrum were isolated from 17 patients with fungal infection on multiple sites. All strains could be classified into 10 genotypes. The genotype distribution was unrelated to sites of infection. It happened to 8 of the 17 patients that multiple genotypes were involved in T. rubrum infection on different sites in the same body. Conclusion The study shows that multiple genotypes are involved in T. rubrum infection on different sites in the same patient, suggesting external sources of infection rather than infection from a different site in the same individual.