OBJECTIVETo screen and verify differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer.

METHODSUsing DNA microarray, we screened differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer tissue and its adjacent tissue followed by verification by PCR.

RESULTSA total of 1 444 genes were found to be differentially expressed (differentiation ≥ 1.5-fold; P≤ 0.05) in the prostate cancer tissue, of which 769 (53%) were up-regulated and 675 (47%) down-regulated. Fifty percent of the differentially expressed genes showed a 1.5- to 2-fold differentiation, including 396 up-regulated and 182 down-regulated ones. Additionally, 308 up-regulated and 334 down-regulated genes exhibited a >2- to 5-fold, 46 up-regulated and 78 down-regulated genes a > 5- to 10-fold, and 19 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated genes a > 10-fold differentiation. Verification by subjecting 15 most significantly up-regulated and another 15 most markedly down-regulated genes to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that most of the genes had a transcriptional profile similar to that in the microarray data, with a Pearson correction coefficient of 0.83 between the microarray data and qRT-PCR results. Totally, 10 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified.

CONCLUSIONDNA microarray analysis provides reliable information on differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer and benign tissues. The 10 significantly differentially expressed genes verified by qRT-PCR could possibly become new bio-markers and specific molecules for tumor identification.

Cell Differentiation ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation

Objective To study the HIV-1 diversity and how did it promot the rapid spread of AIDS,in Guizhou province.Methods A total of 190 HIV-1 positive subjects were collected in different years and regions from Guizhou province.The env and gag genes were amplified with nested PCR and their sequences were determined.The subtypes were identified by the MEGA 4.0 software and the relationships between subtypes and AIDS epidemic were analyzed.Results The number of HIV/AIDS reported cases was increased from 66 in 1998 up to 8435 in 2009,a 16.38 time increase in 7 years.Subtypes B(9),B'(4),C(2),CRF07_BC(75),CRF08_BC(17),CRF01_AE(64)were identified in Guizhou province among the samples collected in various periods of time.The genetic diversities in env gene of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC increased along with the spreading of HIV (from 0.035±0.006 to 0.092±0.011).Subtype B'(4/11)appeared the main subtype prevailed in Guizhou in 1998 as well as CRF07_BC(26/41)in 2002 and CRF01_AE(62/119)in 2007.The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guizhou province showed an rapidly upward trend,with the main risk factors of HIV transmission as 2610 cases through injecting drug users(IDUs).and 176 cases due to sexually transmitted infections(STIs),from year 2001 to 2006.However,STIs began to increase rapidly,after 2006,with 1713 cases of IDUs and 1833 cases of STIs.Data indicated that the change of composition of different HIV-1 subtypes was correlated with the mode of transmission in Guizhou province(x2=41.253,P=0.000).Conclusion The types of HIV strains changed over time as well the turnover of the main risk factors.Sexual transmission,including both hetero-and homo-sexual became the main risk factors,suggesting the development of related prevention and control programs,on HIV/AIDS should be considered accordingly in the future.

BACKGROUNDPim-1 plays an important role in the apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation of cancer cells and progression of cancer. In this study we detected the expression of pim-1 mRNA in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa) and explored its diagnostic value for PCa.

METHODSThe prostate tissues were collected from 23 patients with PCa, 37 patients with BPH, and 3 healthy volunteers. Pim-1 mRNA expression levels in these samples were determined by the quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). The differences of expression were calculated based on a standard curve.

RESULTSThe ratio of pim-1 mRNA to beta-actin in the normal prostate, BPH, and PCa were 1.05 +/- 0.04, 2.57 +/- 0.74 and 4.45 +/-0.63, respectively. The differences among PCa, BPH and NT were significant (P < 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONDetecting pim-1 mRNA expression by QRT-PCR provides a reliable metric for the diagnosis of PCa.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1 ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUNDEarly diagnosis and timely treatment are important for improving therapeutic efficiency of prostate cancer. DNA array is a new bio-technology for disease diagnosis. This study was conducted to diagnose prostate cancer with cDNA macroarray and analysis gene expression profiles of some selective genes in prostate cancer.

METHODSTotal RNA was isolated from patients with prostate cancer and from normal people, and poly (A) RNA was further purified. Then it was analyzed for differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer and normal prostate by cDNA macroarray system.

RESULTSThere were different expressions in the nine prostate-associated specific genes in prostate cancer as compared with normal prostate, in which, 7 were significantly upregulated and 2 were down-regulated.

CONCLUSIONAs a diagnostic approach at molecular level, the cDNA macroarray is an effectively diagnostic method for prostate cancer.

Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics

A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase ( TdT ) amplification based DNA-copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) sensor was developed for detection of L-histidine ( L-His). Single strand DNA containing poly-thymine ( T) sequences were synthesized by TdT in the presence of dTTP. In blank control, poly-T sequences worked as templates of CuNCs due to the affinity between thymine and copper ions( II) . Fluorescence intensity was enhanced when CuNCs formed with reducing agents. In the presence of L-His, the imidazolyl group of L-His worked as a chelating agent that formed L-His-Cu2+ chelated complex. Thus less copper ions were induced in poly-T sequences, and less CuNCs were obtained to produce week fluorescence signals. A good linear correlation was obtained between fluorescence change and the logarithm of the L-His concentration over the range of 5. 0 ×10-9-5. 0 ×10-4 mol/L. The detection limit was estimated as 3. 4 ×10-9 mol/L. And the recoveries were 97. 4%-104. 6% for the actual urine samples. Compared with other methods of synthetic CuNCs, this method allowed to specifically determining L-histidine without template or labeling, which showed good potential in biomedical and clinical analysis.

To study the intervention programs on smoking cessation in a general hospital and to evaluate its effects of the programs. Four methods including: a) the intervention through specialists in the smoking cessation clinic, b) short-time intervention in the out-patient department,c) free medical intervention, d) group intervention, were adopted for different smokers, with health counseling, psychological intervention and drug treatment. Intervention effect was evaluated by standard methods. During the 20-month period of the project, we treated 690 cases and 402 completed 6-month follow-up. Preliminary results in 402 cases showed that the three methods of smoking cessation interventions could reduce the amount of cigarette smoking and increase the quitting rate. Motivation to quit smoking, intervention methods and intensity of intervention seemed cessation clinic (31.6%) and in the group intervention (30.9%) was higher than short-time intervention in free medical events (15.1%). The successful rate of smoking cessation depended on the motivation of quitters, and the attitude, methods and intervention skills of the physicians.Therefore, it is necessary to explore and develop smoking cessation service models suitable to national context and individual intervention methods in China.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the gene-chip detecting rifaman-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis applied in TB diagnosis and drug-resistant detection.

METHODSMycobacterium tuberculosis and rifaman-resistant strains among 35 rifaman-resistance isolated strains and 102 sputa specimens from TB patients, 27 sputa specimens from other patients were examined the gene-chips. Results obtained were compared with sputum examination, bacteriological culture and standard drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

RESULTSThirty-five rifaman-resistance strains were detected by gene-chips and 33 were identified as rifaman-resistance strains and the concordance with the traditional drug susceptibility test of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 94.29%. Twenty-seven sputa specimens from other patients were examined Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the gene-chips, 2 were positive, the detection specialty was 92.59%. Using three methods detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis among 102 sputa specimens the positive rate respectively was, sputum examination 35.29% (36/102), bacteriological culture 28.43% (29/102), gene-chip 77.45% (79/102). Among 102 sputa specimens only 29 examined Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the traditional drug susceptibility test and 8 were rifaman-resistant strains. While using gene-chip, there were 20 among 102 sputa specimens identified as rifaman-resistance strains. Among total 55 rifaman-resistance strains detected by the gene-chips, the most frequent mutations were those associated with codon 531 (23 of 55; 41.8%), 526 (15 of 55; 27.27%) and 516 (9 of 55; 16.36%).

CONCLUSIONResults showed that this was a rapid, simple and highly specific method when using gene-chip to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifaman-resistant strains.

China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Point Mutation ; Rifampin ; pharmacology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; microbiology

Background Early diagnosis and timely treatment are important for improving therapeutic efficiency of prostate cancer. DNA array is a new bio-technology for disease diagnosis. This study was conducted to diagnose prostate cancer with cDNA macroarray and analysis gene expression profiles of some selective genes in prostate cancer.Methods Total RNA was isolated from patients with prostate cancer and from normal people, and poly(A) RNA was further purified. Then it was analyzed for differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer and normal prostate by cDNA macroarray system.Results There were different expressions in the nine prostate-associated specific genes in prostate cancer as compared with normal prostate, in which, 7 were significantly upregulated and 2 were down-regulated.Conclusion As a diagnostic approach at molecular level, the cDNA macroarray is an effectively diagnostic method for prostate cancer.

Objective To discuss the effect of aromatherapy massage on pain easing after cesarean section.Methods 456 primiparas without chronic body disease,mental disorder,postoperative analgesia or unhealthy neonates were selected and randomly divided into control group(228 cases)and experimental group(228 cases).The control group received routine care,and the experimental group received plant essence aromatherapy massage besides routine care. Postpartum incision pain,uterine contraction pain and other body discomfort,as well as analgesic drug use after cesarean section were compared between the two groups. Results The degree of the pain at different stages in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P ＜0. 05). Analgesic drug was not needed 24 hours after cesarean section in the experimental group. Conclusions Aromatherapy massage effectively eases pain after cesarean section and reduces analgesic drug use.