1.Advanced in solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural drugs.
Hui ZHONG ; Yuan ZHU ; Jiang-nan YU ; Xi-ming XU
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(17):3226-3231
With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral
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Biological Availability
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Biological Products
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administration & dosage
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chemistry
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pharmacokinetics
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Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
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methods
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trends
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Solubility
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Technology, Pharmaceutical
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methods
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trends
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Water
2.Study of faux pas recognition and belief understanding in early-onset schizophrenia
Hui ZHONG ; Kai WANG ; Chunyan ZHU ; Ping FANG ; Nana SUN
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science 2015;24(6):501-504
Objective To explore the cognitive function of the theory of mind(TOM) in early-onset schizophrenia from faux pas recognition and belief understanding dimensions.Methods 41 early-onset schizophrenias (EOS) and 40 normal adolescents were interviewed by the Chinese version of faux pas recognition task and theory of mind picture-sequencing task(ToM-PST),then early-onset schizophrenias cognitive features were analyzed.Results ①In faux pas recognition task,compared with healthy subjects,EOS showed significantly less total scores (16.11±6.34 vs 20.86±7.79,P<0.05)and subscores of understanding faux pas questions (9.88±4.11 vs 13.27± 6.07,P<0.05).In faux pas recognition scores(6.72±2.60vs 7.58±2.20) and control questions(9.83±0.44vs 9.97± 0.16) had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).②In ToM-PST task,early-onset schizophrenic patients also had significantly less total score(17.29±3.38 vs 21.48± 1.73,P<0.01),subscores of understanding first order belief,first order error belief,second order belief,second order error belief,third order error belief,sense of reality,reciprocity,fraud,detecting fraud compared to normal controls had significant difference (all P< 0.05 or 0.01).③ The correlation between clinical course time and PANSS score and its subscores of the theory of mind picture-sequencing and faux pas task was non-significant(P>0.05)except the subscores of understanding the first order belief (P<0.01).Conclusion The theory of mind is apparent damage in early onset schizophrenia and non-significant correlation is found with psychiatric symptoms.
3.Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder catheter drainage for the treatment of acute severe cholecystitis:initial experience in 15 patients
Yinghe ZHU ; Bo YUAN ; Zhong XUE ; Jun ZHU ; Yong LIU ; Hui GENG ; Hai HUANG
Journal of Interventional Radiology 2014;23(10):919-922
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of DSA-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder catheter drainage (PTGCD) in treating aged patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by severe diseases. Methods The clinical data of 15 aged patients with acute cholecystitis or complicated by severe diseases, who were encountered at authors’ hospital in the past three years and were treated with PTGCD, were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical results were discussed. Results PTGCD was successfully accomplished with single procedure in all 15 patients. Abdominal pain was relieved within one to three days, and the abdominal symptoms and signs subsided or disappeared. Reexamination of routine blood test showed that the white blood cell count decreased to normal range in 1 - 2 weeks, and complete cure was achieved in some patients. Secondary surgery was carried out in some patients after the clinical condition was improved. During the follow-up period no complications occurred in all patients except one who developed biliary leakage after the catheter was retrieved two weeks after the treatment. Conclusion For the treatment of complicated acute cholecystitis in aged patients who are not suitable to receive surgery, DSA-guided percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder catheter drainage is an ideal therapeutic means as it can significantly relieve clinical symptoms.
4.Network analysis of ethanol precipitation process for Schisandrae chinensis fructus.
Yi ZHONG ; Jie-Qiang ZHU ; Xiao-Hui FAN ; Li-Yuan KANG ; Zheng LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(17):3287-3290
A set of central composite design experiments were designed by using four factors which were ethanol amount, ethanol concentration, refrigeration temperature and refrigeration time. The relation between these factors with the target variables of the retention rate of schizandrol A, the soluble solids content, the removal rate of fructose and the removal rate of glucose were analyzed with Bayesian networks, and ethanol amount and ethanol concentration were found as the critical process parameters. Then a network model was built with 2 inputs and 4 outputs using back propagation artificial neural networks which was optimized by genetic algorithms. The R2 and MSE from the training set were 0.983 8 and 0.001 1. The R2 and MSE from the test set were 0.975 9 and 0.001 8. The results showed that network analysis method could be used for modeling of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol precipitation process and identify critical operating parameters.
Bayes Theorem
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Chemical Precipitation
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Cold Temperature
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Cyclooctanes
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chemistry
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Ethanol
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chemistry
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Fructose
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analysis
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Fruit
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chemistry
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Glucose
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analysis
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Lignans
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chemistry
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Neural Networks (Computer)
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Polycyclic Compounds
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chemistry
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Reproducibility of Results
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Schisandra
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chemistry
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Time Factors
5.Dynamic predictive modeling of extraction process for red ginseng using near-infrared spectroscopy.
Jie-Qiang ZHU ; Wan-Fang PAN ; Yi ZHONG ; Xiao-Hui FAN ; Li-Yuan KANG ; Zheng LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(14):2660-2664
It is the objective of this study to develop dynamic predictive model for the extraction process of red Ginseng using NIR spectroscopy. NIR spectroscopy was collected online and PLSR models were developed for total quantity of ginsenosides. The performance of NIR prediction model achieved R, RMSEC, RMSEP of 0.996 09, 0.018 9, 0.016 8, respectively. A first order dynamic mass transfer model was combined with NIR prediction of the quality indicator to predict the trajectory of the extraction process based upon the initial 3 or 4 data points. The results showed good agreement with actual measurements indicating reasonable accuracy of the predictive model. It could potentially be used for advanced predictive control of the extraction process.
Chemical Fractionation
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methods
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Ginsenosides
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chemistry
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isolation & purification
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Models, Theoretical
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Panax
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chemistry
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Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
6.Multi-objective optimization of extraction process for red ginseng based upon extraction efficiency and cost control.
Yi ZHONG ; Jie-Qiang ZHU ; Xiao-Hui FAN ; Li-Yuan KANG ; Zheng LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2014;39(13):2495-2497
It is the objective of this study to optimize the extraction process of red ginseng to minimize the unit cost of extracting effective ingredients. The relation between the target variables of total quantity of ginsenosides and first extraction time, first extraction solution amount, second extraction time, second extract solution amount were studied with Box-Behnken experimental design method. At the same we also considered the cost of extraction solution and energy usage. The objective function was set as unit cost of target (total quantity of ginsenosides or its purity) for the multi-objective optimization of extraction process. As a result, the optimal process parameters were found as first extraction time (108.7 min), first extraction solution amount folds (12), second extraction time (30 min), second extraction solution amount folds (8) to minimize the unit cost. It indicated that this approach could potentially be used to optimize industrial extraction process for manufacturing Chinese medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
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economics
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methods
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Cost Control
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal
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analysis
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economics
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isolation & purification
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Panax
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chemistry
7.Cultivation of law awareness in student nurses during clinical practice
Jihong ZHONG ; Rong HU ; Hui QIAN ; Xiaofeng WANG ; Xuelian CHEN ; Xuemin ZHU
Journal of Medical Postgraduates 2004;0(02):-
To develop the awareness of in student nurses during their clinical nursing practice for the prevention of legal disputes and protection of patients’ safety. Enough efforts should be made to strengthen legal education at the beginning, to enrich legal knowledge in the middle, and to stress nursing safety and related countermeasures towards the end of the clinical nursing practice. It is necessary to have student nurses under the supervision of the teachers make sure that they are aware of and abide by the law all the time.
8.Correlation analysis of efficacy of yiqi chutan recipe in treating NSCLC and P4HB expression.
Ling-ling SUN ; Li-zhu LIN ; Jing-xu ZHOU ; Zhuang-zhong CHEN ; Wen-hui TAO
Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2015;35(2):184-187
OBJECTIVETo study the predicting effect of proly 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide (P4HB) in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by Yiqi Chutan Recipe (YCR).
METHODSTotally 46 stage III and IV NSCLC patients were treated by YCR for 4 therapeutic courses. Effect was assessed by RECIST of solid tumor. P4HB expression was detected in the lung cancer tissue by immunohistochemical assay. Factors affecting disease control rates (DCR) of YCR were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. The correlation between P4HB expression and the effect of YCR was analyzed.
RESULTSThe DCR of advanced NSCLC treated by YCR was 36.96% (17/46 cases). P4HB was high expressed in advanced lung cancer tissue (6/15 cases). Gender, initial treatment, and retreatment are independent factors for affecting DCR of treating lung cancer by YCR.
CONCLUSIONP4HB might be taken as a factor for predicting the effect of YCR in treating NSCLC.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase ; metabolism ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases ; metabolism
9.Study of cognitive and affective theory of mind in adolescents with schizophrenia
Dandan LI ; Chunyan ZHU ; Xiaosi LI ; Kai WANG ; Hui ZHONG ; Fengqiong YU ; Dan LI
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science 2014;23(7):598-600
Objective To explore the theory of mind (TOM) between adolescent with schizophrenia and normal adolescent from hot TOM and cool TOM.Methods 37 adolescent schizophrenias and 25 normal adolescents were interviewed with the Chinese version of YONI task, Reading the Mind in the eyes test and series of tests,then analyzed with adolescent schizophrenias cognitive features.Results ① Compared with the control group (83.16± 10.07),the scores of YONI task in the adolescents with schizophrenia (74.30 ± 11.44) had statistically significant difference (t=-2.983,P<0.05),mainly the statistically significant difference existed in the groups in cool and hot TOM.②The differences between positive subtype (69.85± 12.66) and negative subtype (78.18±8.92) in scores were significant(t=-2.104,P<0.05),especially in the hot TOM.③In Reading the Mind in the eyes test,there was no statistically significant difference in scores(t=0.982,P>0.05) between the control group (17.59±3.13) and the group of adolescents with schizophrenia(18.42±2.98).Conclusion The adolescents with schizophrenia damage in hot TOM and cool TOM.The adolescents with schizophrenia in positive subtype are worse than the negative subtype,especially in the hot TOM.
10.GM-CSF as an option for treatment of residual disease after allo-HSCT
Zhaodong ZHONG ; Zhongping LIU ; Yong YOU ; Xiaojian ZHU ; Xiaoqing WANG ; Hui XIE ; Zhichao CHEN ; Ping ZOU
Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation 2012;33(2):82-85
ObjectiveTo evaluate the primary effect of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an immunotherapy option for treatment of residual disease after alloHSCT.Methods Immunotherapy was performed on two patients with blood malignancy to treat residual disease after allo-HSCT. The patient one,who was diagnosed as having MDS-RAEB Ⅱ,showed bone marrow displasis and incomplete chimerism 6 months after unrelated donor HSCT.Immunosuppressive drug was withdrawn without induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).The patient two B-ALL demonstrated a residual disease at molecular level 30 days post-transplantation.Both of them were given GMCSF (300 μg) subcutaneously once every two days for totally three weeks.During the whole period,skin itch and rash,liver function,subgroups of lymphocytes,and MDSCs and DCs in peripheral blood were investigated.Results In case one,grade Ⅰskin acute GVHD (aGVHD) appeared as early as one week after GM-CSF administration,as well as grade Ⅱ (skin and liver) by the end of the third weeks,and GM-CSF injection was withdrawn.One month later since the start of GM-CSF,the patient showed normal bone marrow morphology and full donor type chimerism. Cyclosporine A (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone were administered for two weeks to control GVHD.In the other case,grade Ⅰ aGVHD occurred 9 days after GMCSF administration,and whole blood CsA maintained at 0.134-0.472 μmol/L.Prednisone (30mg per day for 5 days) was used to control grade Ⅱ GVHD from the 11th day after GM-CSF,and grade Ⅰ GVHD continued without any intervention.On the 30th day after GM-CSF treatment,bone marrow aspiration showed complete molecular remission.In both of the two cases,no differences in lymphocytic subtypes were revealed before and after GM-CSF administration,while there were trends of increased DC number and decreased MDSCs in peripheral blood.ConclusionThe administration of GM-CSF as an immunotherapy option for blood malignancy may contribute to the clearance of residual disease after Allo-HSCT.