Background The pathological foundation of diabetic retinopathy is the breakdown of the bloodretina barrier induced by multifactors.Objective This study was to investigate the retinal morphologic change and the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endothelin(ET)and nitric oxide(NO)in diabetic rats.Methods Forty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group and 20 rats for each group.Acute diabetes models were established by the intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin in experimental group and the equal volume of buffer solution was injected at the same way in the control group.The serum VEGF level,ET level and NO concentration of diabetic and control rats were detected using ELISA double antibody sandwich method,125I radioimmune method and nitrate reduction method respectively at 2,4,6 and 8 weeks after injection.The eyeballs of rats were enucleated at the eighth week for retinal pathologic examination.This experiment followed the Measures for the administration of experimental animals of Shanghai City.Results The retinal structure was normal throughout the experimental duration in the control group.However,retinal edema and cellular disorganization appeared at 4 months and retinal blooding could be seen with the extending of diabetes course.The levels of serum VEGF and ET in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in control groups(P＜0.05).The levels of serum NO elevated in 2-month experimental group compared with same-phase control group(Z =-2.193,P＜0.05),and those in 6-and 8-month experimental groups were significantly lower than in corresponding control groups(Z =-2.449,Z =-2.236,P＜0.05).With the progression of the disease,the levels of VEGF and ET increased gradually,but the levels of NO decreased gradually,showing statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The level of serum VEGF showed a positive correlation with serum ET level and a negative correlation with the serum NO concentration(r=-0.814,r=-0.803,P＜0.01)in the experimental group.A negative leaner relation was also found between serum ET level and serum NO concentration(r=0.821,P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum VEGF,ET and NO levels are closely associated with the degree of retinal lesion in early diabetic models.These results suggest that serum VEGF,ET and NO levels may be the important indexes predicting the course of retinal disease in diabetic rats.

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical application of one-stage toenail lengthening in free second toe transfer for reconstruction of the thumb (finger).

METHODSNine patients (male 7, female 2) underwent thumb (finger) reconstruction with second toe transfer were treated by one-stage toenail lengthening technique. Eight were the thumb and 1 was the index finger. Patients aged from 18 to 46 years,with an average of 25 years. A rectangle skin was resected at 0.5 cm away from the eponychium, which was 0.2 cm high and as wide as the toenail. Then stripped U shape flap gently towards proximal end and sutured it. During the operation, the injury of the subcutaneous vascular network should be avoided.

RESULTSSuperficial infection at donor area happened in 1 case and was healed by changing dressings. All the reconstruction thumbs (fingers) had survived completely. 2 to 3 mm extending of toenail length was obtained and the appearance of thumb (finger) was improved. There was no growth deformation of toenail. After 7 to 24 months follow up (the average time 13 months), the appearance of the nail was good.

CONCLUSIONSOne-stage toenail lengthening in free second toe transfer for reconstruction of the thumb (finger), which can obtain a satisfactory appearance of the nail and have no influence on the motion of the reconstruction thumb (finger), is a simple and an effective operative procedure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nails ; transplantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Thumb ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the potential molecular mechanism responsible for the early time of tumor promotion, gene expression profile was studied in the transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

METHODSThe two-stage cell transformation model was established by using the initiator of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and promoter of TPA. Cell proliferation was measured by trypan blue staining and cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry assay. A cDNA microarray representing 1 152 genes was used to investigate the gene expression profiles of BALB/c 3T3 cells exposed to TPA at 4 h and 24 h respectively.

RESULTSTPA could effectively inhibit cell proliferation and induce the G1 and S cell cycle arrested in the early time. Moreover 19 genes were found differentially expressed at least twofold in the TPA treated cells as compared with the control cells, 9 of them were upregulated and 10 downregulated. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis, and related to ras or p53 signal transduction pathway.

CONCLUSIONTPA could influence the transcriptional expression of some genes related to cell cycle modulation and ultimately result in the cell growth arrest.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; BALB 3T3 Cells ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; genetics ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology

Objective To understand the changes of hepatitis B infection rates,before and after the hepatitis B vaccine Was included into EPI.and to evaluate the effect of immunization which would lead to the development of a more appropriate hepatitis B control strategy.Methods Seroepidemiologic method,with multi-section random sampling method were chosen.14 sites from 8 counties were involved.2-4 ml of the vein blood was drawn from all the individuals engaged in the study including 3806 samples.HBsAg,anti-HBs.anti-Hbe of the samples were tested with ELISA.Results Standardized positive rates of HBsAg and HBsAb were found as 7.05%and 29.77%respectively with the overall infection rate of HBV as 40.30%.The hepatitis B vaccine coverage of the children under 15 years was 70.73%and the positive rates for both HBsAg and anti-HBS were 2.62%and 56.68%.respectively.The coverage of hepatitis B vaccine among children under 3 years was 83.44%and the positive rates of both HBsAg and anti-HBs were 1.47%and 67.69%respectively.hepatitis B vaccine coverage of children under 3 years was 85.77%.with positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs as 1.78%and 75.44%respectively.Conclusion Results from our study revealed that since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination,the prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV infeetion had an obvious decline,especially in children aged under 15 years of old,suggesting that some changes had occurred in the epidemic characteristics ofhepatitis B in Sichuan.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the common types and directions of root fractures of the maxillary first molar and the influence of root canal treatment on the prevalent sites of root fractures. METHODS: A total of 274 maxillary first molars with root fractures diagnosed via cone beam computed tomography were included. The root fractures of nonendodontically and endodontically treated teeth were identified to be spontaneous and secondary root fractures, respectively. The sites, types, and directions of spontaneous and secondary root fractures were determined. RESULTS: Among the spontaneous root fractures, the proportion of palatal root fractures (56.1%) was higher than those of mesial buccal root fractures (36.1%) and distal buccal root fractures (7.8%). Among the secondary root fractures, the proportion of mesial buccal root fractures (52.7%) was higher than those of palatal root fractures (36.5%) and distal buccal root fractures (10.8%). The distribution of predominant fracture sites was statistically significant ( CONCLUSIONS This study provided an epidemiological basis for the clinical features of root fractures of the maxillary first molar. During the dia-gnosis and treatment of the maxillary first molar, the possibility of palatal root fractures should be considered. The occurrence of mesial buccal root fractures may be related to root canal treatment. Therefore, the risk of mesial buccal root fractures caused by iatrogenic factors should be minimized.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Molar ; Root Canal Therapy ; Tooth Root ; Tooth, Nonvital

This study established a rapid UPLC-TQ-MS/MS method for determination of eight active ingredients in Lilium lancifolium. The contents range of regaloside E, F, C and B are as follows: 0.604 0×10⁻¹-18.62×10⁻¹, 0.680 0×10⁻²-44.75×10⁻², 0.700 0×10⁻³-29.65×10⁻¹, 0.170 0×10⁻¹-4.724 mg•g⁻¹; the contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechualdehyde and ferulic acid, within the range of 6.827×10⁻³-16.07×10⁻³, 0.011 1×10⁻³-79.71×10⁻³, 0.593 7×10⁻³-2.962×10⁻³, 2.606×10⁻²-45.89×10⁻² mg•g⁻¹, respectively. According to PCA (principal components analysis) plotting, 35 batches can be divided into two categories, namely Anhui Huoshan and Hunan Longshan. The main different elements between these two categories are caffeic acid and ferulic acid according to the VIP (variable importance in the projection) points figure. Based on comprehensive principal component values, there are eight batches of L. lancifolium from Huoshan among the comprehensive ranking of ten. The UPLC-TQ-MS method for simultaneous analysis of eight active ingredients is accurate, efficient and convenient. This result can provide scientific basis for quality control of L. lancifolium.

This study aims to compare the differences of Paeonia lactiflora from different habitats by establishing fingerprint. The fingerprint of P. lactiflora was established by UPLC. The samples collected from Sichuan,Hebei,Henan,Shanxi and Anhui were analyzed. The common peaks were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The relative peak area of the common peaks was analyzed through similarity evaluation system( 2012 edition) for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine developed by the National Pharmacopoeia Commission. Twelve common peaks were obtained and ten components were identified by reference substance and literature comparison. The similarity of each sample to the reference fingerprint is greater than 0. 900. However,all samples were clearly divided into 5 groups according to habitats after PLS-DA analysis. The peaks 2,6( ethyl gallate),10( galloypaeoniflorin) and 12( benzoyl paeoniflorin) were found to be the main difference components between the samples from five different habitats through the VIP value map. The study found that the variety of ingredients in the different areas are basically similar. But there are some differences in the content of the four components. The results of this study can provide reference at choosing and utilizing P. lactiflora from different places comprehensively.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Ecosystem ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical treatment outcomes and the changes of the outcomes over time in extremely preterm twins in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 269 pairs of extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks who were admitted to the department of neonatology in 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province from January 2008 to December 2017. According to the admission time, they were divided into two groups: 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. Besides, each pair of twins was divided into the heavier infant and the lighter infant subgroups according to birth weight. The perinatal data of mothers and hospitalization data of neonates were collected. The survival rate of twins and the incidence rate of complications were compared between the 2008-2012 and 2013-2017 groups. RESULTS: Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of severe asphyxia and smaller head circumference at birth (P<0.05). The mortality rates of both of the twins, the heavier infant of the twins, and the lighter infant of the twins were lower in the 2013-2017 group compared with the 2008-2012 group (P<0.05). Compared with the 2008-2012 group, the 2013-2017 group (both the heavier infant and lighter infant subgroups) had lower incidence rates of pulmonary hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (P-IVH), and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and a higher incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increase in the survival rate over time in extremely preterm twins with a gestational age of <28 weeks in the 26 grade A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province. The incidences of severe asphyxia, pulmonary hemorrhage, PDA, P-IVH, and NRDS decrease in both the heavier and lighter infants of the twins, but the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, the multidisciplinary collaboration between different fields of fetal medicine including prenatal diagnosis, obstetrics, and neonatology is needed in the future to jointly develop management strategies for twin pregnancy.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology* ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

In order to evaluate the composition and distribution characteristics of inorganic elements in Laminaria japonica, this study employed inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) to detect the inorganic elements and used high performance liquid chromatography tandem ICP-MS(HPLC-ICP-MS) to determine the content of different arsenic species in L. japonica from diffe-rent origins. Micro X-ray fluorescence(Micro-XRF) was used to determine micro-area distribution of inorganic elements in L. japonica. The results showed that the average content of Mn, Fe, Sr, and Al was high, and that of As and Cr exceeded the limits of the national food safety standard. According to the results of HPLC-ICP-MS, arsenobetaine(AsB) was the main species of As contained in L. japonica. The more toxic inorganic arsenic accounts for a small proportion, whereas its content was 1-4 times of the limit in the national food safety standard. The results of Micro-XRF showed that As, Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Ni were mainly distributed on the surface of L. japonica. Among them, As and Pb had a clear tendency to diffuse from the surface to the inside. The results of the study can provide a basis for the processing as well as the medicinal and edible safety evaluation of L. japonica.
Arsenic/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Laminaria ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Spectrum Analysis ; Trace Elements/analysis*