Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of three different frequencies (2 Hz,80 Hz and 2 Hz/80 Hz) on the free radicals in hippocampus of vascular dementia (VD) model mice.Methods:A total of 100 Kunming mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a model group,a 2 Hz EA group,an 80 Hz EA group and a 2 Hz/80 Hz EA group,with 20 mice in each group.The ischemia-reperfusion VD model was established by repeated blockade of bilateral common carotid arteries.Mice in EA groups began EA treatment on the 4th day after the operation.Baihui (GV 20),Dazhui (GV 14),Geshu (BL 17) and Zusanli (ST 36) were punctured and then connected to EA instrument,with different waves of 2 Hz,80 Hz or 2 Hz/80 Hz (10 min/time) applied accordingly,once a day.During the jumping stand experiment,the learning performance,memory performance and hippocampal calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),nitric oxide synthase (NOS),malondialdehyde (MDA),changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and true choline esterase (TChE) were observed.In hippocampus,the CGRP level was determined by radioimmunoassay;the MDA level was determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method;the activities of NOS and TChE were determined by spectrophotometry;the activity of SOD was determined by xanthine oxidase method.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the performances of learning and memory decreased significantly in the model group (P＜0.01);in hippocampus,the CGRP level decreased,the MDA level increased,the activities of NOS and TChE increased,and the activity of SOD decreased in the model group.Compared with the model group,the learning and memory performances of the EA groups were significantly improved (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);in hippocampus,the CGRP level increased,the MDA level decreased,the NOS and TChE activities decreased,and the SOD activity increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Among EA groups,the 2 Hz/80 Hz EA group was superior to the 2 Hz EA group and the 80 Hz EA group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:EA can improve the cognitive impairment of mice with ischemia-reperfusion VD.The mechanism may be related to the improvement of cerebral blood circulation,regulation of the central neurotransmitters,fighting lipid peroxidation and promoting nerve cell repair.The therapeutic effects of EA with different frequencies were different,and the intervention effect by EA at 2 Hz/80Hz is the most significant.

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of electrocardiograms (ECG) and myocardial ultrastructure in heroin dependence in rats, in order to reveal the mechanisms of the myocardial injury by heroin. METHODS: Establish heroin addict model in SD mice, investigate the changes in electrocardiograms, HE staining and myocardial ultrastructure. RESULTS: The electrocardiograms of the addict group had prominently changes, main expressions: heart rate decreased, P wave and T wave amplitude reduced and duration increased, S-T reduced and duration increased, QT interval prolongation, these changes indicated that myocardium had been injured, myocardial ischemia, ventricle function declined. These difference was significant (P<0.05) between before inject heroin and after inject heroin. Transformations in the ultrastructure: nuclear concentrate, reduce, nuclear membrane shrink, chromatin agglutinate, mitochondria cristal had disorder formation, disappeared or hollowed, these indicated that heroin could cause pathological changes in myocardial ultrastructure. CONCLUSION Above-mentioned changes indicated that heroin can injure myocardium, and the changes of myocardial ultrastructure suggested that myocardial apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms of the myocardial injury by heroin.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Heroin Dependence/physiopathology* ; Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology* ; Myocardium/ultrastructure* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The heroin abuses can seriously damage human body system, among them the damage of cardiovascular system is various. In this paper those damages involved heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart function, blood circulation, the changes of some material inside, and complications of cardiovascular system are reviewed.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology* ; Blood Circulation ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology* ; Death, Sudden/etiology* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Heroin Dependence/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia/etiology*

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinicopathological characteristics and analyze the prognostic factors of young patients with gastric cancer.

METHODSA total of 99 patients with the age less than or equal to 40 were admitted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2001 to December 2009. Their clinicopathological and follow-up data were compared with middle-aged and elderly patients with the age more than 40.

RESULTSThere were statistically significant differences in gender, tumor location, Borrmann type, histological type, differentiated histology, depth of invasion, peritoneal metastasis between young patients and elder ones. The 5-year survival rates of young and elder patients were 49.1% and 44.4% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TNM stage (P=0.014) and surgical methods (P=0.012) were independent predictive factors of survival for young patients. For the young patients, the 5-year survival rate was 56.7% after curative resection, 11.1% after palliative resection. Those who underwent palliative surgery or biopsy alone died within 1 year after surgery. The difference between difference surgical procedures in survival were statistically significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAs compared to elder patients, young patients with gastric cancer have special clinicopathological features. However, no significant difference of survival rate is found between the young and the elder patients. TNM stage and surgical methods are independent prognostic factors of young patients with gastric cancer. Radical resection appears to confer the only chance of prolonged survival.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of different gastrectomy and reconstruction method on prognosis and quality of life in proximal gastric cancer.

METHODSThe 265 cases of proximal gastric cancer received radical resection, according to gastrectomy or reconstruction method, were divided into proximal gastrectomy/gastroesophagostomy group (PG) (n = 63) and total gastrectomy/esophagojejunostomy group (TG) (n = 202). The clinical pathologic features, prognosis, postoperative quality of life in 2 groups were compared.

RESULTSThere had no significant differences in age, gender, CEA value between two groups (all P > 0.05). In PG and TG group, tumor size (cm), ratio of organic invasion, lymph nodes metastasis, distal metastasis, TNM IV stage, Borrmann typing, poor or undifferentiated carcinoma was 2.9 ± 1.9 vs. 4.8 ± 2.8, 9.5% vs. 32.2%, 64.7% vs. 70.6%, 0 vs. 8.4%, 6.9% vs. 31.8%, 44.4% vs. 69.2%, 31.7% vs. 53.7%, respectively, all with significant difference (t = -6.260, χ(2) = 29.473, 14.559, 5.665, 32.483, 12.588, 10.954, all P < 0.05). In PG and TG group, the ratio of D3 and D3(+) resection, multi-visceral resection, complications was 0 vs. 13.8%, 9.5% vs. 38.6%, 7.9% vs. 1.5% respectively, showed increasing range of resection and decreasing complications significantly in TG group (all P < 0.05). The median survival time (months) was 62.5 vs. 78.9 in TG and PG group respectively, without significant difference (P > 0.05). In 2 groups, the evaluation index of post-operative quality of life without significant differences (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFor proximal gastric cancer, although the cases received TG with worse clinicopathological features, which prognosis was similar to that received PG. The postoperative quality of life without significant difference between the cases received gastroesophagostomy and esophagojejunostomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastroenterostomy ; methods ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Quality of Life ; Stomach Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics between mucinous gastric cancer (MGC) and poorly differentiated gastric cancer(PDGC) and factors associated with prognosis.

METHODSMedical records of 1016 consecutive patients with gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-eight patients with MGC and 508 with PDGC were identified. Clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival data were analyzed.

RESULTSAs compared to PDGC patients, patients with MGC were significantly older [(59.2±11.9) years vs. (54.1±13.2) years], had significantly more distant metastasis(36.8% vs. 23.8%), more peritoneal seeding(29.4% vs. 16.9%), and less radical resection(60.3% vs. 76.6%). There were no significant differences in 5-year survival rate between MGC and PDGC patients(29.4% vs. 35.5%). However, for tumors in the middle third of the stomach, the survival rate of MGC patients was lower than that of PDGC. Using a Cox proportional hazard ratio model, lymph node involvement and radical resection were independent prognostic factors for survival of MGC patients, while tumor invasion, lymph node involvement, and radical resection were associated with survival in patients with PDGC.

CONCLUSIONAlthough MGC and PDGC differ in age, frequencies of peritoneal seeding, distant metastasis, and rate of radical resection, overall survival is comparable.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the impact of clinicopathological features and extent of lymph node dissection on the prognosis in early gastric cancer (EGC) patients.

METHODSA total of 142 EGC cases screened from database of gastric cancer of Sun Yat-sen University, from Aug. 1994 to Jan. 2010, were included in this study. According to the lymph node metastasis status, they were divided into lymph node negative (n = 116) and lymph node positive (n = 26) groups. The clinicopathological features of the two groups and the impact of extent of lymph node dissection on the prognosis were analyzed.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in age, gender, tumor size and location, Borrmann typing, WHO TNM staging, histological typing, and CEA value between the two groups (P > 0.05). The TNM stages in the lymph node positive group were higher than that in the lymph node negative group (P < 0.001). Between the cases who underwent D1 (n = 21) and D2 (n = 121) dissection, there were no significant differences in postoperative hospital days, blood transfusion volume, and operation time (P > 0.05). The median numbers of LN dissected in D1 and D2 cases were 4 (0 to 16) and 20 (12 to 30), with a significant difference (P = 0.000), but the number of positive LN without significant difference (P = 0.502). The postoperative complication rates were 9.5% in the D1 and 3.3% in the D2 dissection groups, without a significant difference (P = 0.128). The median survival time of the lymph node negative and positive groups was 156 vs. 96 months (P = 0.010). In cases who received D2 and D1 lymph node dissection, the median survival time (MST) was 156 vs. 96 months (P = 0.0022). In the lymph node positive group, D2 dissection prolonged survival time significantly than D1 dissection (96 vs. 27months) (P = 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that the extent of lymph node dissection and LN metastasis were independent prognostic factors for EGC patients.

CONCLUSIONSIt is not able to accurately assess the LN metastasis status preoperatively according to the routine clinicopathological features. For the patients with unknown LN metastasis status, D2 dissection should be the first choice. Comparing with D1 dissection, the morbidity of D2 dissection are not increased, but survival time is prolonged.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Leucovorin ; administration & dosage ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo explore the regulatory effect of CpG methyltransferase (M.SssI) on expression of claudin-7 and claudin-8, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells.

METHODSHT-29 cells were treated with M.SssI (50 U/ml) for 24 hours. The methylation status of claudin-7 and claudin-8 gene promoters was assayed by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Real-time PCR with SYBR green I technique was used to detect the relative expression of claudin-7 and -8 mRNA, and claudin-7 and claudin-8 proteins were tested by cell immunofluorescence and Western blotting, while the effect on cell apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33342 fluorescence and flow cytometry. Inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.

RESULTSThe amounts of methylated claudin-7 and claudin-8 gene CpGs were 25, 10 in the M.SssI group, 9 and 5 in the PBS group, 0 and 3 in the 5-azacytidine group, respectively. Compared with the PBS group, Claudin-7 and -8 were significantly reduced by M.SssI (P < 0.05), but increased by 5-azacytidine (P < 0.05) at both mRNA and protein levels. Hoechst 33342 staining revealed that HT-29 cells treated with PBS and 5-azacytidine were not significantly different, showing even blue fluorescence, round shape and same cell volume. But the M.SssI group presented more apoptotic cells with intensive white fluorescence intensity. Cytometry indicated that early apoptotic index of the M.SssI group was increased by 84.7%, compared with that of the PBS group (P = 0.002). Measurement of MTT optical density demonstrated that cell growth of the M.SssI group was significantly lower than that of the PBS group (P = 0.002), with an inhibition rate of 32.1%, whereas the proliferation of 5-azacytidine group was similar to that of the PBS group (P = 0.084).

CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that M.SssI can down-regulate claudin-7, -8 mRNA and proteins in the human colon cancer HT-29 cells by up-regulating methylation status of claudin-7 and -8 gene promoters, and finally induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of the tumor cells.

Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Claudins ; metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms ; DNA-Cytosine Methylases ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; physiology ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction