Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Haemophilus Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Haemophilus influenzae type b ; immunology ; Humans ; Vaccination

Objective To investigate the changes of histamine receptors in bladder before and after the treatment by sodium hyaluronate in rats of interstial cystitis (IC). Methods Twenty IC model rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 10 for each group.The bladders in experimental group were filled with sodium hyaluronate, while the rats in control group were executed at once. The bladders were dyed with HE staining, special staining and immunohistochemistry staining to count the number of mononuclear cells and mast cells and observe the changes of histamine receptors. Results In experimental group,the counts of mononuclear cells and mast cells were 12.20±2.48 and 2.90±0.87 respectively;the numbers of average optical of histamine receptor H1, H2, H3, H4 were 0.015±0.007, 0.006±0.001, 0.007±0.004, 0.061±0.026 , respectively. In control group, the counts of mononuclear cells and mast cells were 23.90±3.07 and 7.08±1.23;the numbers of average optical of histamine receptor H1, H2, H3, H4 were 0.055±0.033, 0.031±0.023, 0.033±0.017, 0.091±0.059, respectively. The differences of mononuclear cells and mast cells were significant between the 2 groups(P＜0.01). The differences of average optical of histamine receptor H1, H2, H3 between the 2 group were significant (P＜0.05), while the difference of histamine receptor H4 was not significant(P＞0.05). Conclusion Histamine receptor H1, H2, H3 take part in the development of IC, the antagons may be used for the treament of IC.

e combina-tion of protamine sulfate and potassium chloride to establish interstitial cystitis animal model is reliable and feasible. Researchers can choose the right time of irrigation based on the intent of the experiment.

Objective To revise the Chinese version of the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CHN-NIH-CPSD), and evaluate its feasibility, reliability, validity and responsiveness. Methods The NIH-CPSI was translated into Chinese according to a standard methodology including forward-backward-forward technique. The CHN-NIH-CPSI was pre-tested in consecutive samples of 162 native-speaking Chinese chronic prostatitis(CP)patients. Ninety-five of 162 filled the index again on the same day and after 4-week therapy. Ninety-seven healthy men were included as evaluated. Results The recovery of the questionnaires was 100% and all the patients filled the index completely. The mean time to complete the questionnaire for the patient group was 5.2±2.4 (range 2 - 12) min. The split-half reliability was 0.82. For the overall index and each subscale, the test-retest reliability was 0.98, 0. 98, 0. 98, 0. 97, respectively(P＜0.01);and the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0. 61,0. 71, 0. 59, 0. 75, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good construct validity with a goodness of fit index of 0. 85 and a x2 of 124.67(P＜0. 01). Of all 162 patients, the scores of the overall index and each subscale were 23. 33±5.91. 8. 80±4.26, 5.30±2.82, 9. 23±1.90, respectively;and those of healthy controls were 1. 95±1.97, 0. 37±1.03, 0. 15±0.58, 1.42± 1.20,respectively. Of the 95 patients, the original scores were 23. 53±5.60, 9.21 ±4.04, 5.10±2.75,9.21 ±2.05, comparing with 19.47±6.36, 7.79±3.95, 3. 58±1.88, 8.11±2.50, the 4 weeks later scores. The group t-test and paired t-test showed good responsiveness. Conclusions The CHN-NIH-CPSI has high feasibility, reliability, validity and responsiveness for testing the patients with CP. It is suitable for Chinese-speaking patients and helpful for cross-cultural comparisons of men with CP in clinical and research settings.

Bacteremia ; etiology ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Child ; Coagulase ; metabolism ; Cross Infection ; etiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; drug effects ; Endocarditis, Bacterial ; etiology ; Humans ; Methicillin ; pharmacology ; Quinolones ; pharmacology ; Staphylococcal Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus ; classification ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Urinary Tract Infections ; etiology ; Vancomycin ; pharmacology

Child ; Community-Acquired Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; epidemiology

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in differentiating vertebral metastatic tumors from benign deseases after studying the early changes of signal intensity.Methods Twenty patients were scanned by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.The parameters of signal intensity were measured and calculated,and time-intensity cures(TICs)were drawn.Then,they were compared with those of normal verte- braes,the characteristics were analyzed.Results The parameters of vertebral metastatic tumors:peak signal intensi- ty,signal intensity minimum signal intensity of post-peak,peak slope,initial ratio of enhancement,maximum ratio of enhancement was respectively(50.61?11.38),(46.75?10.23),(0.73?0.12),(0.33?0.08),(1.03?0.31); that of normal vertebraes was respectively(40.53?12.12),(34.72?14.06),(0.31?0.11),(-0.25?0.05), (0.69?0.28);and ten normal cases showed negative in initial percent of enhancement,but only two abnormal ver- tebraes showed that.All of the above had significant statistical difference.Four types of TICs were concluded:early rapid rise and early rapid descent followed by steady phase(type A),persistently rise(type B),rise phase followed by steady phase(type C),rise phase followed by rapid descent phase(type D).TICs of abnormal vertebraes were respec- tively 6,5,5,5 cases;types of normal vertebraes were mainly type C,15 cases.Type A and type B and the type with the characteristic of early rapid descent phase were features of abnormal vertebraes;type C was the feature of normal ones.Conclusions Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI could quantitatively show the characteristics of early changes of signal intensity of vertebral metastatic tumors,which were significant statistically different from those of normal ver- tebraes.Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was worth performing in the early diagnosis of vertebral metastatic tu- mors.

Objective To analyze the clinical features of fungal septicemia in premature infants in a hospital,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Clinical data of 18 premature infants with fungal septicemia in a hospital between January 2011 and December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Gesta-tional ages of 18 premature infants were 27-36 weeks,birth weights were 1 050 g-3 100 g,8 of whom were very low birth weight infants(VLBWI);all premature infants were treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents,and were given long-term parenteral nutrition before infection,10 with mechanical ventilation,2 with peripherally insert-ed central catheters(PICC).The main clinical manifestations were apnoea,twitch,feeding difficulty,and poor reac-tion;manifestations appeared 3 hours-52 days after birth.13(72.22%)premature infants had abnormal white blood cell count,12 (66.67%)had thrombocytopenia (< 100 × 109/L),18 (100.00%)had elevated C-reactive protein (CRP),the average CRP level was (41 .90 ±26.77)mg/L.The main pathogens were Candida spp .(n = 17, 94.44%),including Candida parapsilosis (n=7),Candida albicans (n =5 ),biovariety of Candida albicans (n =4),and Candida famata (n=1);premature infants were treated with fluconazol and amphotericin B,15 (83.33%) were cured,2 (11 .11 %)improved,and 1 (5.56%)died.Conclusion Fungal septicemia in premature infants are mainly caused by Candida,there is no specific clinical manifestations,clinical symptoms in premature infants with high risk factors should be closely observed,blood routine and CRP should be detected periodically,timely treat-ment with antifungal agents should be given,which are beneficial to achieve good therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVE:To study improvement effect of modified mahuang chanyi decoction on allergic rhinitis(AR)model guinea pigs and its mechanism. METHODS:32 guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal group (0.9% Sodium chloride in-jection),model group (0.9% Sodium chloride injection),experimental [Modified mahuang chanyi decoction,5.18 g (medicinal materials)/kg] group and control [Fluticasone propionate nasal spray,50 μg/(guinea pig·d)] group. Except for normal group,other groups received ovalbumin 30 mg and calmogastrin 30 mg intraperitoneally to induce AR model. Except for control group,other groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically,twice a day for consecutive 15 d. Nasal symptoms of guinea pigs were ob-served and recorded,and then analyzed and scored. The protein expression of nasal mucosa SHP-1 was detected by immunohisto-chemistry,the serum contents of IL-4 and IFN-γ were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,model group suffered from AR symptom,and nasal symptoms score was increased;and the protein expression of nasal mucosa SHP-1 and the serum content of IL-4 increased,while the content of IFN-γ decreased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,AR symptom of experimental group and control group were improved;nasal symptoms score,the protein expression of nasal mucosa SHP-1 and the serum content of IL-4 decreased while the content of IFN-γ increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Modified mahuang chanyi decoction shows certain improvement effect on AR,and its mechanism is associated the decrease of IL-4 content and the increase of IFN-γcontent in serum.

Objective To investigate the changes of 4 histamine receptors (H1R, H2R, H2R and H4 R)in interstitial cystitis on animal experimental models. Methods Thirty female SD rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups as follows: 20 in experimental group and 10 in control group. The experimental group was filled with protamine sulfate+ potassium chloride to create interstitial cystitis model, the control group was sacrificed directly. At the end of the experiment, the bladders of all these SD rats were studied by the immunohistochemistry staining and the value of their mean absorbance (-A) was calculated by IPP4.5 image analysis software. The SPSS 11.5 was used to analyze the differences between the groups. Results Four kinds of histamine receptors mainly expressed in the bladder epithelium. In the experimental group, the (-A) of H1 R was 0. 054±0.031, the of H2R was 0.032±0.021, the (-A) of H3R was 0.047±0.033 and the (-A) of H4R was 0. 149±0. 191,respectively. In the control group, the A of H1R was 0. 017±0. 011, the (-A) of H2R was 0. 018±0. 015, the (-A) of H3R was 0. 014±0. 011, the (-A) of H4R was 0. 060±0.039, respectively. In contrast,the A of H1 R, H2 R and H3R in experimental group was increased significantly(P＜0.05); there was no significant change in (-A) of H4R expression(P＞0.05). Conclusions H1, H2 and H3 receptors in rat model interstitial cystitis bladder epithelium have increased and it indicates H1 R, H2R and H3R may be related to interstitial cystitis. H3 R may be a new treatment target of interstitial cystitis.