This article makes a summary on the vascular access issues related to pediatric blood purification and progress,especially in view of the characteristics,principles of selection,maintenance and development direction of various vascular access in application of children patients.

Adolescent ; Diagnostic Errors ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Trachea

Aim To investigate the effects of Aplysin on the inhibition of gastric cancer cell in vitro .Methods MTT assay was used to examine the inhibition of gastric cancer cell 1ine SGC-7901 by Aplysin in different concentrations and at different times.The morphologic changes and the apoptosis of SGC-7901 was observed by inverted microscope and Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE)staining.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)assay was used to detect the changes of COX-2 mRNA expressions.Results Aplysin could decrease the proliferation significantly in a dose-dependent manner in SGC-7901 cells.When treating SGC-7901 with Aplysin in concentration of 120, 240 mg·L~(-1) for 24 h, the growth of the cell was obviously inhibited observing by inverted microscope.Aiso, when treating with the same concentration for 18 h, its chromatin became crimpled and breakdown, as well as cell shrinkage and apoptotic bodies formation when using HE staining.The apoptotic rates(%)of SGC-7901 was(15.0±2.12)%, (18.4±2.3)%, respectively, which was significantly higher than(1.4±0.55)% that in control group(P <0.01).60、120、240 mg·L~(-1) Aplysin could not effectively inhibited the mRNA expressions of COX-2(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Aplysin can inhibit the proliferation and induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells.

Objective To evaluate the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS components with thyroid nodule. Methods A total of 10 357 subjects ( age ＞ 18 years old) who received physical checkup at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between June 2009 and June 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Anthropometric parameter, fasting plasma glucose (FPG),serum lipid profile, blood uric acid, alanine aminotransferase and thyroid ultrasonography were measured. Results The prevalence of thyroid nodule,MS,and thyroid nodule + MS was 46. 96% ,23. 6%,and 11.6%, respectively. The prevalence of thyroid nodule was significantly higher in MS patients than in non MS patients ( 75.9% vs 38. 0%, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Multifactor logistic analysis showed that MS, body mass index (BMI) and FBG (β vales were 0. 78,1.22,and 0. 62,respectively; odds ratios were 4. 167,3. 876,and 2. 359, respectively; all P ＜ 0. 05 ) were independently correlated with the development of thyroid nodule. Conclusions Significantly increased prevalence of thyroid nodule could be found in MS patients. BMI and FBG may be independent risk factors of thyroid nodule.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of Aplysin on ethanol-induced oxidative damage in rat pri-mary hepatocytes. Methods Rat primary hepatocytes were obtained via the portal vein collagenaseⅣin situ perfusion technique followed by a Percoll density gradi-ent centrifuge. MTT test was used to determine the op-timum dose of Aplysin and ethanol, and detect the cell vitality in primary hepatocytes. Supernatants of primary hepatocytes were harvested to measure AST and LDH level, and the SOD, GSH-PX activities and MDA con-tent in primary hepatocytes were observed. Flow cy-tometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate. DNA damage in primary hepatocytes was detected by single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. The level of mitochon-drial membrane potential in primary hepatocytes was tested by fluorogenic probe JC-1 . The CYP2 E1 activity in primary hepatocytes was detected by colorimetry. The proteins of CYP2 E1 were detected by Western blot. Results 300 mmol·L-1 dose of ethanol and 30 mg·L-1 dose of Aplysin were the optimal dosages and were used in the subsequent experiments. Hepatocyte vitality was significantly increased in Aplysin group compared to that in ethanol group, and Aplysin inhibi-ted the release of AST and LDH(P<0. 05). For Apl-ysin treatment group, the activities of hepatocyte SOD and GSH were significantly increased, and MDA was markedly lowered as compared with those in ethanol group( P <0. 05 ) . Aplysin could alleviate hepatocyte apoptosis significantly, and hepatocyte DNA damage rates of Ⅱ ~Ⅲ level and Ⅳ level were significantly lowered in Aplysin treatment group as compared with those in ethanol group, and Aplysin had evident im-provement in alcohol induced mitochondria damage of hepatocyte. Primary hepatocyte activities and protein expression of CYP2 E1 were markedly lowered in Aply-sin treatment group as compared with those in ethanol group(P<0. 05). Conclusion Aplysin has protective effects on liver oxidative damage induced by alcohol of primary cultured rat hepatocytes by blocking CYP2 E1 activation, relieving oxidative stress, and sharpening the oxidation resistance ability.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Bushen Tiaojing Recipe (BTR) on the quality of oocytes, reproductive hormones, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) patients.

METHODSSixty infertility patients who prepared for IVF-ET were assigned to two groups according to the treatment order, the treatment group [20 cases, treated with BTR + controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)] and the control group (treated with COH alone, 40 cases). Age, the time limit for infertility, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) concentration, usage days and the dosage of gonadotropins (Gn), serum levels of estradiol (E2), luteotropic hormone (LH), and progesterone (P) on the HCG injection day, the number of retrieved occytes, the fertilization rate, the number of embryos, the high quality embryo rate, and the clinical pregnancy rate were compared. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, E2, testosterone (T), and P in the follicular fluid were detected via chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in mature granulosa cells was detected by real-time fluorescent PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSThirty-two patients were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 53.3%. Of them, 19 were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 47.5% in the control group, while 20 were pregnant and the total pregnancy rate was 65.0% in the treatment group. But there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the Gn dosage was lower and the high quality embryo rate was higher in the treatment group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in serum concentrations of E2, LH, or P on the HCG injection day, the number of retrieved oocytes, or the fertilization rate (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, FSH concentrations in the follicular fluid were significantly lower and LH concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment group (P < 0.05). The LH concentrations in the follicular fluid were significantly higher in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).There was no statistical difference in E2, T, or P concentrations (P > 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in granulosa cells was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). It was also higher in pregnant patients than non-pregnant patients, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDuring the IVF-ET process, BTR could elevate the quality of oocytes, and increase the sensitivity of ovarian follicles to exogenous Gn, which was correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of BMP-15 in granulosa cells, and changing concentrations of FSH and LH.

Adult ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Embryo Transfer ; Estradiol ; blood ; metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; metabolism ; Follicular Fluid ; metabolism ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; metabolism ; Oocytes ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; blood ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Cangfu Congxian Decoction (CCD) on oxidative stress in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.

METHODSForty PCOS patients underwent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were assigned to the treatment group and the control group 1 according to random digit table, 20 in each group. Patients in the treatment group took CCD (200 mL, once in the morning and once in the afternoon) 2 months before IVF-ET, while those in the control group 1 took no Chinese medical decoction. Recruited were another 20 patients undergoing IVF-ET for tubal factors (as the control group 2). The clinical effect of IVF-ET were observed, including oocyte retrieval number, 2 pronuclear (2PN) fertilization rate, good quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) induced transplantation cancel rate. The expression of relative oxygen species (ROS) in granulosa cells was detected using cell immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscopy and FCM.

RESULTSCompared with the control group 1, occyte retrieval number, 2PN fertilization rate, and good quality embryo rate increased in the control group 2 and the treatment group (P <0. 05). OHSS induced transplantation cancel rate decreased in the control group 2 (P < 0.05). Fluorescence intensity of ROS decreased in the treatment group and the control group 2, as compared with the control group 1 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCCD increased good quality embryo rate by down-regulating the expression of ROS protein in ovarian granulosa cells, and correcting in vivo oxidative stress.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Granulosa Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Oocyte Retrieval ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; prevention & control ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

AIM:To examine the difference of vascular remodeling between aorta and small artery in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and control rats.METHODS:Male SHR (20-week-old) were used as experiment group,and age matched male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as control group.The systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured once a week.At 43 weeks old,the rats were anaesthetized,blood samples were collected,and thoracic aorta and mesenteric small artery tissue were harvested.The morphological changes of the arterial tissue were observed with HE staining.The collagen and elastine fibers were detected by the Sirius red-Victoria blue staining.The protein expression of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagens were analyzed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and Western blot.The changes of the vascular ultrastructure were imaged by transmission electron microscopy.The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the cell apoptosis in the arterial wall were examined by immunohistochemical method and TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) detection.RESULTS:The inner diameter (ID) and luminal cross-sectional area (LCSA) of mesenteric small artery were decreased,whereas ratio of wall thickness (WT) to ID (WT/ID) and ratio of wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) to LCSA (WCSA/LCSA) were increased.Meanwhile,adventitia fibroblast migrated to the nedia,with overload collagens,especially collagen Ⅲ.Proliferation index (PI) and apoptotic index (AI) of the mesenteric small artery wall cells were increased.The ID,LCSA,WT/ID and WCSA/LCSA of the aorta were increased.Moreover,the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia,with overload collagens.The PI and AI of the aortic wall cells were increased.CONCLUSION:The difference of vascular remodeling between the aorta and small artery is significant.The small artery mainly appears hyperplasia of matrix,especially the adventitial collagen Ⅲ.Meanwhile,the cell apoptosis in the small artery wall is increased.The aorta mainly appears hyperplasia and hypertrophy of media VSMCs.

Objective To study the factors affecting the prognosis of intracranial aneurysm operation for elderly patients. Methods Thirty elderly patients (≥60 years old) with intracranial aneurysm who were treated surgically were evaluated retrospectively. The factors that might affect the result of operation were analyzed by slng]e-factor and multi-factor. Result The factors that had significant correlation with the prognosis were Hunt-Hess grade,location of aneurysm,surgical timing (P =0.007,0.019,0.007).Conclusion The prognosis of intracranial aneurysm operation for elderly patients is affected by many factors,age is not a contraindication to aneurysm operation,early aneurysm operation treatment is suggested for elderly patients.