Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Male ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Actins ; metabolism ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hemangiopericytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Myofibromatosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Antigens, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Buffers ; Female ; Fixatives ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microwaves ; Paraffin Embedding ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features of endogenous bronchial foreign bodies and the value of bronchoscopy in children.

METHODSOne hundred and six children who presented lobe or lung segment atelectasis by the chest X-ray and bronchial foreign body inhalation was excluded by bronchoscopy were enrolled. The original diseases included Mycoplasma pneumonia (n=62), endobronchial tuberculosis (n=24), bronchial pneumonia (n=16), nephrotic syndrome (n=2), laryngotracheal bronchitis (n=1) and bronchiolitis (n=1). On the basis of conventional treatment of the original diseases, bronchoscopy was performed in the children. Eighty children with bronchial foreign body inhalation severed as the control group.

RESULTSBronchoscopy showed the properties of endogenous foreign bodies: mucus emboli in 77 cases, cheese substances in 24 cases, dendritic white membrane in 4 cases, thrombosis in 1 case, and flaky pseudomembrane in 1 case. Hyperplasia of granulation tissue was seen in 25 cases. Of the 25 cases, endobronchial tuberculosis as the original disease was found in 22 cases. Mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax occurred in 4 cases in the control group, but none in the endogenous foreign bodies group. The number of bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscopy in the endogenous foreign bodies group was significantly higher than that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSBronchoscopy is valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of endogenous bronchial foreign bodies.

Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Child ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

ObjectiveTo investigate the differences of whole blood chemical elements and urinary fluorine between patients with endemic fluomsis and patients without endemic fluorosis,and to find out the elements associated with endemic fluorosis and further lay a theoretical basis for clarify the pathogenesis of the disease.MethodsUsing case-control study,100 children aged 8 - 12 with dental fluorosis in Wushan and Fengjie counties of Chongqing from December 2010 to February 2011,and 30 adults with skeletal fluorosis were enrolled as case group; 100 children aged 8 - 12 without dental fluorosis and 30 adults without skeletal fluorosis were enrolled as internal control group; and 50 children without dental fluorosis and 30 healthy adults were selected as external control group in non-epidemic areas in Yubei district.Whole blood copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,iron and urinary fluorine of all subjects were determined,and differences of these indexes were compared between groups.ResultsThe levels of copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,iron and urinary fluorine of children in the case group were (30.08 ± 2.83),(74.04 ± 9.75)μmol/L,(1.65 ± 0.29),(1.37 ± 0.17),(6.79 ± 1.27)mmol/L,and (0.73 ±0.37)mg/L,respectively; the levels of these elements of children in internal control group were (28.65 ± 3.96),(72.83 ± 11.35)μmol/L,(1.62 ± 0.27),(1.36 ± 0.18),(6.73 ± 1.22)mmol/L,and (0.48 ± 0.21)mg/L,respectively; in external control group were (32.03 ± 2.99),(77.78 ± 10.85)μmol/L,(1.41 ± 0.11),(1.43 ± 0.13),(7.66 ±0.55)mmol/L,and (0.49 ± 0.26)mg/L,respectively(all P＜ 0.05),the comparison between any two groups indicated the levels of copper,zinc,magnesium,iron of the case group were lower than that of external control group,urinary fluorine was higher than that of internal and external control groups(all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of copper,zinc,calcium,magnesium,iron and urinary fluorine of adult case were (26.93 ± 4.37),(95.89 ± 12.45)μmol/L,(1.50 ± 1.76),(1.56 ± 1.96),(8.15 ± 1.00)mmol/L,and (2.17 ± 0.99)mg/L; internal control group were (26.26 ±4.96),(94.86 ± 12.18)μmol/L,(1.57 ± 0.12),(1.46 ± 0.16),(7.64 ± 1.00)mmol/L,and (1.44 ± 1.22)mg/L;external control group were (26.20 ± 2.96),(96.52 ± 11.11)μmol/L,(1.48 ± 0.14),(1.45 ± 0.16),(7.81 ±0.91 )mmol/L,and (0.55 ± 0.21 )mg/L,respectively.The levels of magnesium,iron and urinary fluorine of case group were higher than that of internal control group,magnesium and urinary fluorine were higher than that of external control group(all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsIn vivo anti-fluorine elements are deficient in the areas with endemic fluorosis.Other chemical elements,the environment and genetic factors may be related to the pathogenesisof the disease,which needs a further comprehensive analysis.

Objective To analysis the clinical high risk factors for fetal chromosomal abnormalities.Methods Amniocentesis,chromosomal karyotype analysis and other related methods were performed on 4829 pregnant women,who presented sole indication of prenatal diagnosis such as advanced age,high risk factors and fetal ultrasound abnormalities,for analyzing the correlations of those women to the incidence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities.Results The detection rates of abnormal karyotype were 5.0％ (57/1143),1.7％ (40/2367) and 4.3％ (57/1319) in the older women group (age＞35),abnormal maternal serological screening group and abnormal fetal ultrasound finding group,respectively.The detection rats of karyotype abnormality were 6.9％ (23/333) in women with fetal congenital heart diseases,8.5％ (20/234) in those with abnormal amniotic fluid,1.1％ (1/89) in those with fetal ventriculomegaly,1.1％ (10/898) in those with fetal intracardiac hyperechogenicity,5.9％ (2/34) in those with fetal choroid cyst and 5.6％ (1/18) in those with fetal renal pelvis broadening.Conclusion The pregnant women with age＞35,fetal sonographic structural anomalies or two or more soft marker abnormalities should be prenatally diagnosed and doing the genetic counseling combined with the family history.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenesis of globozoospermia, fertilization ability of round-headed sperm, and the application value of assisted oocyte activation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the wives of glohozoospermia men.

METHODSWe collected oocytes from the wives of 2 globozoospermia patients and randomly divided them into two groups after ICSI to receive calcium ionophore A23187-activation and conventional treatment, respectively. We reviewed the relevant literature published at home and abroad, and discussed the etiology of globozoospermia, fertilization ability of round-headed sperm, and treatment options for this disease.

RESULTSQuality embryos were obtained in the A23187-activation group while no fertilized oocytes, oocyte cleavage, quality embryos, or blastular formation were found in the conventional treatment group. Both women achieved pregnancy and gave birth to healthy neonates after transfer of the quality embryos from the A23187-activation group.

CONCLUSIONCalcium ionophore A23187 can be applied to ICSI for the wives of globozoospermia men and bring about desirable clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to its safety.

Calcimycin ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Ionophores ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo observe the pathological changes of renal tissue in the rats with paraquat (PQ) poisoning as well as the serum creatinine (SCr) levels and expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-bgr;) in renal tissue at different time points after PQ poisoning, and to investigate the association of HIF-1α with renal injury after PQ poisoning.

METHODSForty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 6) and PQ group (n = 42). The control group was given a single dose of 1 ml saline by gavage; the PQ group was given a single dose of 1 ml PQ (50 mg/kg), which was prepared by diluting 20% raw liquid of PQ with saline, by gavage. The PQ group was further divided into 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h PQ subgroups (n = 6 for each subgroup) to be examined at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 120 h after gavage. Their arterial blood was collected for blood gas analysis as well as blood lactic acid (BLA) and SCr measurement; renal sections were subjected to HE staining; the protein expression of HIF-1α and TGF-β in renal tissue was measured by Western blot.

RESULTSThe BLA level and SCr level began to rise at 6h after poisoning. Compared with the control group, the 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h PQ subgroups had significantly increased BLA and SCr levels (P < 0.05); the 72 and 120 h PQ subgroup showed hypoxemia (P < 0.05). The protein expression of HIF-1α in PQ group increased significantly at 6h and reached the peak level at 72 h, with a significant difference from that in the control group at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h (P < 0.05). The protein expression of TGF-β in PQ group began to rise at 24 h, reached the peak level at 72 h, and declined at 120 h, with a significant difference from that in the control group at 24, 48, and 72 h (P < 0.05). The protein expression of HIF-1α was positively correlated with SCr level (r = 0.9308, P = 0.0008), uncorrelated with arterial partial pressure of oxygen (r = -0.6996, P = 0.0534), and positively correlated with BLA level (r = 0.9483, P = 0.0003). The pathological changes of renal tissue mainly included the degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, which worsened as the time went on and appeared less severe at 120 h.

CONCLUSIONThe HIF-1α expression in renal tissue increases significantly in the early stage of PQ poisoning, which is associated with increased BLA and SCr levels and causes upregulated expression of TGF-β that promotes renal fibrosis.

Animals ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Paraquat ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

The fasting and 2 h levels of glucagon, somatostatin ( SS), and C-peptide during 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and 34 normal subjects were determined. Compared with control group, the fasting levels of glucagon and SS and 2 h levels of SS after glucose loading significantly decreased,while the fasting and 2 h levels of C-peptide increased in diabetes group. The 2 h levels of these hormones were significantly higher than the fasting levels in two groups. Compared with control group, the increased folds of glucagon ( 1.40±0.48 vs 1.20±0. 30, P＜0. 05 ) and SS( 2.79±2. 17 vs 1.14±0. 22, P＜0. 01 ) levels after glucose loading were higher and that of C-peptide level ( 3.58 ±3. 10 vs 8. 33 ± 6. 99, P＜0. 01 ) was lower in diabetes group. The levels of fasting glucagon were positively correlated with that of fasting SS in two groups( both P＜0. 01 ). These results suggest that disturbance exists in hormones from α and δ cells besides the dysfunction of β cells in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the values of prenatal surveillances of ultrasonography in twin pregnancies with amniotic fluid discordance. Methods Two hundred and seventy cases of diamniotic twins were included. Both postnatal outcomes and prenatal amniotic fluid discordant variations were analyzed,and the incidences of amniotic fluid discordance were compared between the monochorionic-diamniotic(MCDA)and dichorionic-diamniotic (DCDA) gruop. Results Twenty four cases of twins with amniotic fluid discordance were found in the study. The incidence of amniotic fluid discordance in MCDA group was much higher than that in DCDA group (28.9% vs 5.6%, P ＜0. 001 ) ,and 24 cases of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) were diagnosed in the former group and none were found in the latter group. Downward tendency of amniotic fluid discordance was shown in non-TTTS cases of MCDA group. Compared with TTTS cases, the postnatal outcomes of non-TTTS cases with amniotic fluid discordance were much better in MCDA group ( P ＜0.001 ). Conclusions TTTS and MCDA twins with amniotic fluid discordance may overlap each other in the early stage. Serial surveillances of ultrasonography are necessary for prenatal differentiating twin pregnancies complicated by amniotic fluid discordance,and providing strong support to clinical treament.