Humans ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Tract Infections

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is extensively used to increasing the in vivo and in vitro stability of liposomes. However, PEGylated liposomes also produce some negative effects with further research, such as low cellular uptake, poor "endosomal escape" of pH sensitive liposome (PSL) and accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon, and this situation is referred as the "PEG dilemma". "PEG dilemma" posed severe challenges for the targeted delivery of PEGylated liposomes-loaded anticancer drugs, effective intracellular release of PEGylated PSL-encapsulated gene and protein drugs, and repeated administration of PEGylated liposomes. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the "PEG dilemma". This review focused on the definition, classification of "PEG dilemma", and discussed several possible approaches to overcome "PEG dilemma".
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV N DNA vaccine and the feasibility of live-attenuated Salmonella typhimurium as the carrier to deliver the N DNA vaccine.Method:The recombinant attenuated salmonella strain CS022 harboring the pcDNA-N DNA vaccine was constructed.And mouse was immunized with the recombinant strain via intranasal and oral routes.Cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed by ELISA,lymphocyte proliferation assays,ELISPOT and FACS.Result:The oral immunization with the transformed salmonellae elicited strong immune responses mainly including high level of N-specific antibody,a dramatic activation of IFN-?-secreting cells,a high level of lymphocyte proliferation,and a high level of activated CD8+ T cells.Conclusion:Live-attenuated Salmonella typhimurium could effectively deliver the SARS-CoV N DNA vaccine in vivo.These encouraging pre-clinical data provide a rational basis for undertaking a new immune style to investigate SARS vaccine.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Motor Neuron Disease ; complications ; Neck ; pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; complications

Adult ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Vanadium ; toxicity

Objective To study the meaning of breast cancer staging system by AJCC eighth edition to invasive lobular carcinoma and analysis the clinical pathological characteristics.Methods According to the eighth edition of the AJCC staging to evaluate the TNM stage and prognosis evaluation of invasive lobular carcinoma cancer patient in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from 2011 to 2016,and compared with others in clinical pathological data.Results There were 21 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma,accounting for 2.7％ of all invasive breast cancer.We found that invasive lobular carcinoma shows no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) in ages,menstrual status,molecular features and anatomic staging and prognosis staging with others;histological grade were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the prognosis and staging of invasive lobular carcinoma.Conclusions Eighth AJCC staging systemn provides a new reference for the clinical treatment of breast cancer,should be evaluated with anatomic stage.Histological grade is relatively good in invasive lobular carcinoma and the prognosis is good,needs more research to the individualized treatment of invasive lobular carcinoma.

Objective To explore the application of gastric(enteric)-pharyngeal anastomosis for cervical esophageal carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 12 cases with surgical management of cervical esophageal carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results The resectability of cervical esophageal carcinoma was 100%,no case complicated with pharyngeal fistula.Swallowing function of all cases was in a good state.The overall follow-up was 1 to 7 years,among them 9 surviving,3 dead.The surviving 5 cases are over 3 years,the ongest beyond 7 years. Conclusions Gastric(enteric)-pharyngeal anastomosis is a good primarily rehabilitating method of the cervical esophageal defect after surgical treatment of cervical esophageal carcinoma.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oxaliplatin, fluorouracil (5 FU), and folinic acid (FA) combination in treatment of patients with metastatic or advanced gastric cancer,we used oxaliplatin 130 mg/m 2 (2 hour intravenous infusion,1 d)and FA 200 mg/m 2 (2 hour intravenous infusion,1 to 5 d) followed by 5 FU 500 mg/m 2 (4 hour continuous infusion,1 to 5 d) every 3 weeks. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated after 3 cycles and the responders were confirmed 4 weeks later. In 26 case evaluated, patial release was achieved in 11 cases, stablized in 9 cases, progressed in 6 cases. The overall response rate was 42.3%. The main adverse effects were gastrointestinal tract toxicity, neurosensory toxicity and bone marrow suppression. This trail suggested that the short term curative effect of this regimen was similar to those of others and showed good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile. It is a new option for the treatment of metastatic and advanced gastric cancer.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and the outcome of severe trauma of various ages in emergency department,to improve the therapeutic effect of emergency rescuing.Methods Two thousand and sixty nine patients of severe trauma were treated during a seven-year period from October 1997 to October 2004.The studied patients were divided into 5 groups:(1)adolescent group(Group A,＜13 years old,n=106);(2)juvenile group(Group B, 13-18 years old,n=128);(3)youth group(Group C,18-40 years old,n=1518);(4)middle age group(Group D, 40-60 years old,n=215);and(5)elderly group(Group E,＞60 years old,n=102).All the patients were evaluated with Injury Severity Score(ISS),and the result was≥16 in all of the studied patients.Results The incidence of severe trauma in male in all 5 groups was higher than that in female,and it was significantly higher in Group C,Group D and Group E when compared with that in the other groups(P＜0.01).Traffic accident was the leading cause of injury,and its incidence in Group A,Group B and Group D was higher than that in other groups(P＜0.01).However,injury caused by falling from high places was the second cause of injury,being significantly increased in Group A,while armed fighting and injury during work being significantly increased in Group B,Group C and Group D,slip fall injury being significantly increased in Group E(P＜0.01).Head injury was mainly found in Group A and Group E,extremities injury and/or spinal injury were increased markedly in Group B,Group C and Group D(P＜0.05),abdominal injury was significantly decreased in Group E(P＜0.001).The total mortality was 11.9%(246/2069).The mortality within 24 hours (20.6%,21/102)was significantly higher than that beyond 24 hours(7.8%,8/102)in Group E(P＜0.01).The time of staying in the emergency department differed significantly between the survived patients and those died in all 5 groups (P＜0.01).Conclusion The gender,the incidence and the characteristics of the injury causes and injury sites differed between severely injured patients of various ages.Mortality in the elderly is significantly increased following severe trauma. The idea of“golden one hour”and“platinum ten minutes”,measures of shortening the time of staying in the emergency clinic,early definite operation and damage control operation should be emphasized.

Objedtve To summarize the experience of single-stage repair of coarctation of aorta(CoA) or interrupted aortic arch (IAA)and associated intracardiac defects through median stemotomy.Methods From Jan 2007 to Jul 2008,a total of 24 pa-tients with CoA or IAA and associated intracardisc defects were surgically repaired in single-stage through median stermotomy,inchud-ing 9 coanctation of aorta,12 coarctation with aortic arch hypoplasia,and 3 interrupted aorlic arch,.The associated intracardiac de-fects were Taussing-Bing anomaly 4,non-restricted VSD 22,subaortic stenosis 1 and pulmonary vein stenosis 1.The age ranged form 1 to 99 months (average 16 months) and the body weight ranged from 4 to 19 kg(average 9.3 kg).Aortic arch reconstruction was performed by hypothermic continuous low flow bypass using regional perfusion for all patients.Three patients with LAA and 9 patients with CoA underwent end-to-end ansetomosis.Of the 12 patients with coarctation and aortic arch hyipoplasia,8 patiellts underwent ex-tended end-to-end anastomosis,2 patients underwent end-to-side anastomosis and 2 patients underwent aortoplasfy.Results 2 cases were dead. One infant with Taussig-Bing type heart was dead of severe infection after 47 days postoperative,the other one who associ-ated with LAA and VSD dead of pulmonary hypertension crisis due to pneumonia after 15 days postoperative.No patient presented neu-rdogieal complication and renal insufficiency during the perioperation.2 cases presented recurrent respiratory problem.During the 18months follow-up,no patient presented with recoarctation except one with pressure gradient more than 20 mm Hg.Conclusion Pa-tients with coarctation of aorta or interrupted aortic arch and associsted intracardisc defects should be surgically treated as early as pos-sible when diagnosis was mode.Single-stage sortic arch reconstruction through median stemotomy using continuous regional perfusion is an effective and safe procedurd.Sufficient resection of ductus,extensive dissection of thoracic vessels and optimal tissus-tissue anas-tomosis techmique are very important for successful repair and avoiding recoarctation.