ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on injury of human immortalized hepatocytes (HHL-5 cells ) induced by sodium arsenite and possible mechanisms.Methods After cultured for 48 h,HHL-5 cells were divided into four groups:normal group,ATRA group,sodium arsenite group and ATRA + sodium arsenite group.HHL-5 cell viability was tested by using cell proliferation experiment (WST).Superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity,malondialdehyde(MDA) content,and aspartate aminottransferase (AST) activity in each group were determined by biochemical method.The microstructure of HHL-5 cells in each group was observed under transmission electron microscopy.ResultsHHL-5 cell viability(0.57 ± 0.02) of sodium arsenite group was compared with that of normal group(0.70 ± 0.01 ),the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).Levels of SOD,GSH-Px,MDA and AST[ (153.84 ± 2.35),(0.08 ±0.02)U/mg Prot,(4.15 ± 0.50)nmol/mg Prot,(265.43 ± 4.62) × 103 U/L] of sodium arsenite group were compared with that of normal group[(237.41 ± 18.30),(0.93 ± 0.02)U/mg Prot,(2.26 ± 0.40)nmol/mg Prot,(177 ± 9.85) ×103 U/L],and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).HHL-5 cell viability (0.65 ± 0.04) of ATRA + sodium arsenite group was compared with that of sodium arsenite group, and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Levels of SOD,GSH-Px,MDA and AST[ (286.85 ± 3.39),(0.56 ± 0.09)U/mg Prot,(3.36 ± 0.37)nmol/mg Prot, (220.02 ± 1.07) × 103 U/L] of ATRA+ sodium arsenite group were compared with that of sodium arsenite group,the difference was statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with normal group and ATRA group,the surface microvilli of HHL-5 cells of sodium arsenite group decreased,double-membrane structure was unclear,vacuolar degeneration was seen in the cytoplasm,and glycogen was aggregated.The damage level of ATRA + sodium arsenite group was decreased.ConclusionsATRA plays a protective role through increasing intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity of HHL-5 cells,removal or reduction of oxygen free radicals produced by sodium arsenite.

Objective To observe the influences of different doses of sodium arsenite on mRNA transcription of keratinizing related and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) genes in HaCaT cells.Methods Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay after the HaCaT cells were exposed to 0.00,3.13,6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,75.00,100.00 μ mol/L sodium arsenite for 48 h,respectively.Based on the previous results of cell proliferation,0.00(control),6.25,12.50,and 25.00 μmol/L of sodium arsenite were selected to treat HaCaT cells for 48 h,respectively.The mRNA expression of keratin 1,keratin 10,involucrin,loricrin and Nrf2 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.ResultsCompared with the control group (100.05％),HaCaT cell proliferation rates(83.06％,51.04％,39.52％,24.51％,16.99％ and 9.04％) were significantly lower in 6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,75.00 and 100.00 μ mol/L of sodium arsenite groups and the 50％ inhibiting concentration was 12.38 μmol/L.Compared with the control group( 1.06 ± 0.28,1.00 ± 0.12,1.00 ± 0.08),the mRNA expression of keratin 1,involucrin and loricrin (0.08 ± 0.04,0.13 ± 0.12,0.05 ± 0.03;0.47 ± 0.11,0.21 ± 0.09,0.10 ± 0.15; 0.50 ± 0.27,0.31 ± 0.10,0.57 ± 0.23) were significantly decreased(all P ＜ 0.05) in HaCaT cells treated with 6.25,12.50,25.00 μmol/L sodium arsenite,respectively.But keratin 10 mRNA expression showed a rise trend and the 6.25 μmoL/L sodium arsenite group (1.83 ± 0.45) was significantly higher than that of the control( 1.07 ± 0.14,P ＜ 0.05 ).The Nrf2 mRNA expressions of HaCaT cells in 12.50,25.00 μmol/L sodium arsenite groups(0.13 ± 0.07,0.69 ± 0.33) were significantly lower than that of the control ( 1.00 ± 0.09,all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe cellular proliferation and keratinization are decreased when HaCaT cells are exposed to sodium arsenite,which may be regulated by lowering Nrf2 mRNA transcription.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of vena cava connection in patients with asplenia syndrome diagnosed by ultrasound. Methods From October 2009 to February 2014, 49 patients with asplenia syndrome diagnosed in Fuwai Hospital by ultrasound were included in this study. The characteristics and percentage of varied types of anomalous connection of vena cava and pulmonary vena were analyzed. Results Thirty patients (61.2%) had bilateral superior vena cavies. In these cases, right vena cava was drainage into right atrium (or the right side of the single atrium), while left superior vena cava into left atrium (or the left side of the single atrium). For hepatic vein, drainage into inferior vena cava were found in 25 patients (53.2%), into left atrium (or the left single of the single atrium) in 1 patient (2.1%), into right atrium (or the right side of the single atrium) in 3 patients (6.3%), into both right and left atrium in 5 patients (10.2%) and into the middle of the single atrium in 1 patient (2.1%). For inferior vena cava, drainage into left atrium (or left side of the single atrium) were found in18 patients (36.2%), into right atrium (or right side of the single atrium) in 24 patients (51.1%) and into the middle of the single atrium in 1patient (2%). Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage occurred in 20 patients (40.2%) and partially anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in 8 patients (16.3%). Conclusion Asplenia syndrome is frequently accompanied with anomalous vena cava and pulmonary venous drainage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the semen quality of cancer patients and search for a better way of sperm cryopreservation for them.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the quality of the semen from 43 cancer patients under cryopreservation in the Sperm Bank of Zhejiang Province, and compared the semen parameters between the cancer patients and 248 normal donors as well as between the testicular cancer cases (n=22) and non-testicular cancer cases (n=21).

RESULTSThe cancer patients exhibited significantly lower semen quality than the normal donors as in sperm concentration (60.90 x 10(6)/ml vs 74.27 x 10(6)/ml), progressive motility (41.07% vs 51.79%), and recovery rate (49.98% vs 57.33%) (all P <0.05). Furthermore, the progressive sperm motility and sperm recovery rate after freezing were significantly decreased in the testicular cancer cases (15.68% and 42.81%) than in the non-testicular cancer cases (28.36% and 57.53%) (both P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSemen quality declines in cancer patients, and therefore early sperm cryopreservation is essential for them. Due to the poor sperm motility and recovery rate of testicular cancer patients after freezing, further investigation is required on the improvement of sperm cryopreservation methods.

Adult ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Semen Preservation ; methods ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Testicular Neoplasms

Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing catheter related bloodstream in‐fection (CRBSI) to provide reference for clinical treatment .Methods The distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from the central venous catheter from January 2011 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed .Results Among 731 submitted samples ,38 cases were CRBSI ,with the positive rate of 5 .3% ,in which ,the Gram‐positive cocci accouted for 26 .3% of isolated bacteria and dominated by Staphylococcus epidermidis (13 .2% ) ,moreover which was MRSE .MRSA and VRE were not detected . Gram‐negative bacilli accounted for 73 .7% of isolated bacteria and dominated by Acinetobacter baumannii (42 .1% ) ,which was most sensitive to amikacin with the sensitivity rate of 87 .5% .Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii is most common pathogen in CRBSI with serious drug resistance ,therefore the operating should be standardized in clinical work for controlling infection .

OBJECTIVEIn this study, five heavy metals contamination of soil and different parts of Panax notoginseng in the plantation area was investigated. Analysis of heavy metals correlation between the planting soil and P. notoginseng; and the absorption and accumulation characteristics and translocation of soil heavy metals by P. notoginseng plants was revealed.

METHODThrough field investigation and laboratory analytical methods, analysis of China's 30 different soil P. notoginseng origin and content of heavy metals in five different parts of the P. notoginseng plant content of heavy metals.

RESULTThe results revealed that the soil heavy metals should not be neglected in the plantation area Referring to the national soil quality standards (GB15608-1995), the excessive degree of soil heavy metals pollution showed Hg > As > Cd > Cr in the plantation area, and Pb content of soil was in the scope of the standard. Refer to 'Green Industry Standards for Import and Export of Medical Plants and Preparations', the excessive degree of heavy metals content of P. notoginseng plants showed As > Pb > Cr > Cd, and Hg content of plants was in the scope of the standard. Concentrations of five heavy metals of underground parts of P. notoginseng plants are higher than aboveground, and heavy metals elements are more concentrated in the root, followed by the rhizome of P. notoginseng plants. Heavy metal accumulation characteristics of the different parts of the P. notoginseng of the overall performance is the root > the rhizome > the root tuber > leaves > stems. From the point of view BCF value analysis of various parts of the P. notoginseng plants to absorb heavy metals in soil, BCF values of all samples were less than 1, description P. notoginseng not belong Hyperaccumulator. From the view of transportation and related analysis of the soil-P. notoginseng systems, the rhizome of P. notoginseng and the content of As and Cr in soil was significantly correlated, the root of P. notoginseng and the content of Cd in soil was significantly correlated, and no significant correlation between the other indicators. Through the analysis of transportation transfer coefficient showed: Pb, As and Cr are not easy to transport aboveground part from the underground, but Cd and Hg are relatively easy to transport stems from rhizome, the migration of five heavy metals in the aerial part is relatively strong, and heavy metal of stems is easily transported to the leaves.

CONCLUSIONP. notoginseng does not belong to the enrichment of heavy metals in crops, especially for Hg in soil with strong patience. In survey area, the content of heavy metals of P. notoginseng's planting soil is relatively high, and the heavy metals As, Pb, Cr, Cd of P. notoginseng also exist heavy metals exceeded problems. Due to the presence of heavy metals in crops internal absorption and translocation of special laws, accumulation of heavy metals varied significantly in different parts of P. notoginseng. The overall, the performance for the heavy metal content of the underground parts is more than aboveground, it explain heavy metals of P. notoginseng plants is still the main source of the soiL Therefore, the key to control of planting area soil environmental quality and reduce exogenous harmful substances secondary pollution of soil in the cultivation process are to study and solve the heavy metals pollution problem of P. notoginseng.

Adsorption ; China ; Laboratories ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Pollutants ; analysis

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ascitic Fluid ; chemistry ; Cadherins ; analysis ; Calbindin 2 ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-5 ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardial Effusion ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Pleural Effusion ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; analysis

Background Researches documented that retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in unaffected carriers of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) becomes thickened in different quadrants to different degrees.But the change of their macular thickness is still unclear.Objective This study was to clarify RNFLT and macular thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in unaffected female carriers of LHON families.Methods Five female LHON patients (5 eyes) from 5 LHON families,eighteen unaffected female carriers (18eyes) from 18 LHON families and twenty-five age-matched healthy female controls (25 eyes) were included in this study.The patients and genetic carriers were diagnosed in PLA General Hospital from 2011 September to 2012 October.Regular ocular examination were performed followed by OCT measurement of retinas.The Optic Disc Cube 200×200 and Macular Cube 200×200 protocols were used during the OCT measurement.Average (360°) RNFLT,RNFLT at four quadrantic sections,cube average macular thickness and macular thickness of nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sub-areas were compared among the LHON genetic carriers,LHON patients and normal controls.Results Compared to the normal control group,significant reduced values were seen in temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of sub-area macular thickness in the LHON female carriers (P=0.022,0.046,0.024,0.008).In addition,but no significant differences were found in cube average thickness,central subarea macular thickness,temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of lateral sub-area macular thickness,average RNFLT,and temporal,superior,nasal and inferior quadrant RNFLT between the LHON female carriers and normal controls (P=0.102,0.051,0.238,0.663,0.1 10,0.104,0.419,0.371,0.158,0.063,0.563).Compared to the unaffected female carrier group,female patients showed significant reductions in cube average macular thickness,temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of sub-area macular thickness,temporal,superior,nasal and inferior side of lateral sub-area mac ular thickness,average R NFLT and temporal,superior,and inferior quadrant RNFLT (P =0.000,0.000,0.000,0.007,0.002,0.002,0.000,0.000,0.040,0.000,0.016,0.000,0.000) except for the central subarea macular thickness and nasal quadrant RNFLT (P=0.388,0.580).Conclusions Unaffected LHON female carriers show a normal peripapillary RNFLT,but the macular thickness at medial sub-area is thinner.This first report offers an information of macular structure change in unaffected LHON female carriers,which suggest that macular damage appears prior to RNFLT change.

In the past few decades, our understanding of platelets has made great progress. Platelets play an unexpected central role in cancer and greatly affect the behavior of cancer cells. At the same time, the physiology and phenotype of platelets are also affected by cancer cells. Therefore, platelet-based tumor targeted therapy strategies have attracted the attention of researchers, but the limitations of their application require more attention. In this paper, the strategies of platelet-based tumor targeted therapy are summarized, and the strategies of platelet mimicking nanocarrier delivery, platelet hitch riding, platelet membrane coating biomimetic and engineered platelet targeting are mainly introduced. The easy activation, hard storage and unknown functional and phenotypic changes of platelets were discussed. At the same time, the strategy of platelet-based targeted tumor therapy is reviewed from theoretical basis and practical application. The development potential of platelets in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment is discussed, which will provide some theoretical reference for the study of platelet-related tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy.

Oxidation method with sodium iodide was used to synthesize immunogenic antigen (PF-BSA) and coating antigen (PF-OVA) of paeoniflorin. UV spectroscopy showed that paeoniflorin was successfully conjugated with BSA and OVA. After immunized by PF-BSA, the mice can produce anti-paeoniflorin antibodies specifically. The ELISA test results showed the high titer (1:12 800) and specificity (IC50 = 0.791 mg x L(-1)) of the antiserum from mice injected with PF-BSA. Also, the antiserum showed low cross activities against nine traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of small molecules. These artificial antigens were successfully synthesized and the anti-paeoniflorin antibody well prepared, which provides the experimental basis for the further study of ELISA and its kit.
Animals ; Antibodies ; analysis ; Antigens ; chemistry ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Monoterpenes ; chemistry ; immunology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; chemistry ; immunology