SUMOylation is a dynamically reversible process that needs to be modified by a specific ligase, while its inverse reaction deSUMOylation is catalyzed by a group of SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). SUMO-modified target protein molecules are closely related to development and disease, especially tumor, metabolism, inflammation and immunity. SENPs play an important role in SUMO protein maturation and deSUMOylation. This review discussed the functions of SENPs in the development and progression of tumors and related mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the academic status of the researchers in pediatric department of Peking university first hospital, we conducted bibliometric analysis of research on the scientific publications. Methods The total number, first authors, and the citing and cited conditions of these papers published from 1999 to 2000 were analyzed by bibliometric methods. Results There were total 513 papers including 275 original articles published in 59 journals from 1999 to 2003.There were 238 papers written in Chinese, of which 188 papers (79 %) were from the core journals. In the 37 original articles written in English, 31 papers(83.8 %) were select-ed by science citation index(SCI).The average of impact factors (IF) of sourcing journals was 1.447(0.107 -7.717). The averages of IF per year ranged from 0. 768 to 2.206.The original articles selected by SCI were totally cited 38 times. Every article was cited 1.41 times in average.Of all 275 papers,each had an average of 9.8 citing reference, increasing from 8.1 in 1999 to 12.0 in 2003.About 80.7 % of those references were written in foreign languages.The Price's index of those papers was 43.2%.Conclusions The number of papers kept improving in the past 5 years, and had a significant improvement in 2003.The authors showes great talents to use English articles as their main information sources. But the utilization of the last published papers in this subject should be im-proved.

Objective To investigate the regulation of T cells in the process of liver regeneration using a model of mice after 70% liver resection.Methods We performed 70% hepatectomy in T-cell-deficient mice and control mice.The liver mass and body mass ratio, BrdU infiltration level, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),expression of M phase marker protein p-HDAC3, and serum transaminase levels were measured.Results The recovery of liver mass and body mass ratio of thymus-deficient mice occurred significantly later than that of control mice.The peak time of BrdU infiltration levels and the expression of PCNA and p-HDAC3 in T-cell-deficient mice were later than in control mice, but the degree of liver injury was lower.Conclusion T cells are involved in the regulation of liver regeneration, and the absence of T cells delays the process of liver regeneration.

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) and high-risk human papilloma virus(HR-HPV)infection in cervical carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemistry and hybird capture Ⅱ assay were used to detect the expression of DcR3 and HR-HPV in 35 cases of normal cervical tissues(NCE), 39 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm(CIN)and 44 cases of cervical squamous epithelial carcinoma(CSES). Specific HR-HPV16 E7 siRNA and nonspecific HR-HPV16 E7 siRNA were synthesized and transfected to SiHa cells by Lipofectamine. The expression of DcR3 at mRNA and protein levels was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The growth inhibition was examined by MTT assay. Results In NCE, CIN and CSES, the positive expression rates of DcR3 were 8.6%(3/35), 48.7%(19/39)and 77.3%(34/44), respectively, and the expression intensity was increasing(2=36.942, P<0.001). In NCE, CIN and CSES, the infection rates of HR-HPV were 5.7%(2/35), 56.4%(22/39)and 93.2%(41/44), respectively(2=60.322, P<0.001) . The protein expression of DcR3 was positively correlated with the infection of HR-HPV in CSES(r=0.893, P=0.004). Conclusions DcR3 was highly expressed in cervical cancer. Its expression was positively correlated with HR-HPV infection, which may contribute to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. HR-HPV silencing inhibited cellular growth and proliferation by down-regulating the expression of DcR3.

Objective:To investigate the immunomodulation of CCK8 on the Coxsackievirus B ( CVB )-attacked human peripheral blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDC). Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient density centrifugation. The pDC was separated and divided into five groups,which were the control group, CVB attacked group,the group of CCK8 treated after CVB attack,the group of PGE2 treated after CVB attack and the group of CCK8+PGE2 treated after CVB attack. 100-time TCID50 of CVB was applied for the attack on pDC. Real-time PCR and Immunofluorescence technique were employed to detect the expression of CCK1R/CCK2R mRNA and protein. Then,the expression levels of costimulatory molecules such as CD80,CD86,HLA-DR ligand,and the chemokine receptor CCR7 were evaluated by Flow Cytometry Analysis. The supernatants of pDCs were collected, and the content of IFN-α was determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Results:CCK1R and CCK2R were co-expressed in human peripheral blood pDC,and both were significantly upregulated after CVB attack in vitro. Expression of CD80,CD86,HLA-DR and IFN-α were decreased in the CVB+CCK8 group compared with the CVB group,which suggested that CCK8 may reduce the CVB activation of pDC. Whereas expression of CD80,CD86,HLA-DR,CCR7 and IFN-α were increased in the CVB+PGE2 group compared with the CVB group,which suggested that PGE2 may increase the CVB activation of pDC in vitro. Conclusion:CCK8 repressed the CVB-attacked pDC,while PGE2 activated the CVB-attacked pDC.

Objective To explore the role of apoptosis of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells and changes of relative cytokines and thrombotic factors in the pathogenesis of traumatic sepsis at the advanced stage.Methods The venous blood was collected from the patients with traumatic sepsis at advanced stage and traumatic patients without sepsis and healthy subjects.The peripheral hlood mononu- clear cells(PBMC)and neutrophils were isolated and cultured.The apoptosis of neutrophils and vascular endothelial cells was assayed,and the level of IL-4,IL-10 in PBMC culture supernatants were deter- mined,and the tissue factor(TF)and vW factor(vWF)of peripheral plasma were measured.Results The percentages of apoptosis of neutrophils and numbers of apoptotic circulating vascular endothelial cells were higher than that of traumatic patients without sepsis and healthy controls significantly.And the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4,IL-10 and thrombotic factors TF,vWF in traumatic sepsis were elevated than that of traumatic patients without sepsis and controls too.Conclusion Immune suppres- sion and abnormal thrombotic state may be one characteristic of traumatic sepsis at advanced stage,which perhaps involveds in the pathogenesis of traumatic sepsis at the advanced stage and multiple organ dys- function syndrome.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection at Fenglong (ST 40) with Promethazine in treating posterior circulation ischemic vertigo (PCIV) due to turbid phlegm obstructing the middle.Method Sixty-two patients with PCIV due to turbid phlegm obstructing the middle were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 31 cases each. The two groups both received intravenous infusion of Vinpocetine injection, based on which, the treatment group was intervened by injection at Fenglong (ST 40) with Promethazine, while the control group was given gluteal intramuscular injection of Promethazine. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were observed for the two groups before and after the treatment, and the clinical efficacies were also compared.Result The TCM syndrome and DHI scores were significant changed after the intervention in both groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, the TCM syndrome and DHI scores in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.5％ in the treatment group versus 80.6％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Injection at Fenglong (ST 40) with Promethazine is an effective method in treating PCIV due to turbid phlegm obstructing the middle.

Objective To investigate the reliability of MRI classification and clinical significance of deep gray matter injury(DGMI)in children with cerebral palsy(CP).Methods We made a retrospective assessment of 14 children with gross motor function classification system(GMFCS),manual ability classification system(MACS)and MRI classification system of deep gray matter injury.Based on T2WI,two radiologists worked independently and graded MRI pictures according to three-grading system and four-grading system.To evaluate the reliability of different grading systems,intra-observer and inter-observer agreements were tested by Kappa test.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the MRI classification system with GMFCS and MACS.Results The Kappa value of the intro-observer and inter-observe agreement of three-grading system was 0.873 and 0.873,respectively (P＜0.001).The Kappa value of the intro-observer and inter-observe agreement of four-grading system was 0.901 and 0.611(P＜0.001).Three-grading system had no significant correlation with GMFCS(r=0.053,P＞0.05)or MACS(r=0.128,P＞0.05).Four-grading system had a significant positive correlation with GMFCS(r=0.605, P＜0.05)and MACS(r=0.779,P＜0.05).Conclusion In the two grading systems,four-grading system is a more repeatable approach for detecting deep gray matter,gross motor function and manual function injuries in children with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUNDIt is unclear whether a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) would impact the effect of catheter ablation on persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to compare the effect of catheter ablation on persistent AF with and without a history of PAF.

METHODSOne hundred and eighty-three patients underwent catheter ablation of persistent AF lasting for > 1 month and were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had a history of PAF or not. Group I consisted of persistent AF patients with a history of PAF, and group II consisted of persistent AF patients without such a history. All patients received catheter ablation focused on pulmonary vein isolation and were observed for arrhythmia recurrences, which were defined as documented episodes of AF or atrial tachycardia after a blanking period of 3 months.

RESULTSOne hundred and three patients (60.9%) in group I and sixty-six patients (39.1%) in group II were successfully followed and included in analysis. There were no significant differences in clinical and echocardiographic characteristics between both groups except for a younger age and more male patients in group II. After (15.5 ± 10.7) months of follow-up, 59 (57.3%) patients in group I and 49 (74.2%) patients in group II maintained sinus rhythm free of anti-arrhythmia drugs (P = 0.025). Multivariate analyses found left atrial anteroposterior diameter (P = 0.006) and persistent AF with a history of PAF (OR 1.792, 95%CI 1.019 - 3.152; P = 0.043) as the only independent statistical predictors of arrhythmia recurrences.

CONCLUSIONThe arrhythmia recurrence rate of catheter ablation based on pulmonary vein isolation in persistent AF with a history of PAF was higher than those without a history of PAF.

Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Pulmonary Veins ; surgery ; Recurrence

This study was carried out to examine the effect of different donor cell type and micro-manipulation on the development of reconstituted embryos. Cultured mural cumulus cells or fibroblast cells from an adult transgenic goat expressing human erythropoietin(rhEPO) were used as the donor cells in nuclear transfer experiments. The reconstituted eggs were generated by transferring fibroblast cells or cumulus cells into the perivitelline space of enucleated M II oocytes and then followed by electrofusion and activation. After 6 days' incubation in vivo, the reconstructed embryos developed into morulae or blastocysts were transferred into 6 foster recipients. Two of the foster-mothers were pregnant and gave birth to two offspring, which were derived from the fibroblast cell and cumulus cell, respectively. Fingerprint analysis showed that the PCR-RFLP patterns of the two offspring were identical to that of donor goats. PCR results indicated that these cloned goats carried hEPO gene as same as their donor cells.
Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Cell Fusion ; methods ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; trends ; Erythropoietin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Goats ; embryology ; genetics ; Humans ; Microinjections ; methods ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; cytology