Aim The nasal absorption of furosemide and promotion action of l_menthol was examined. Methods In situ nasal recirculation methods was used to study the does_effect relationship of nasal absorption of furosemide and the effect of l_menthol on nasal absorption of furosemide in rats. Results When the concentration of furosemide in circulation liquid was respectively(4.66?0.33) ?(9.76?0.45) and (18.83?1.89) ?g?ml-1,the absorption rate constant k(min-1) of nasal in situ was correspondingly 0.0067?0.0011,0.0134?0.0024 and 0.0163?0.0037;and urine liquid appearing time was (73.33?1.53)?(52.67?7.02) and (47.00?4.58) min.But the larger the concentration of l_menthol, the little the absorption rate constant k. Conclusion Furosemide can be absorbed through the nasal mucous, and l_menthol can promote its absorption.

Objective To determine the dynamic changes of ileum epidermal growth factor(EGF),transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α)and epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)in neonatal rats with intestinal injury and to investigate their role in the neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC). Methods One-day-old Wistar rat pups were divided into two groups.The rats in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-injected group(n=40)received an intraperitoneal injection with 5 mg/kg LPS and those in the control group(n=8)did not.Control group and LPS-injected group at 1,3,6,12 and 24 h following LPS challenge were sacrificed for histological evaluation of NEC and for measurernents of EGF,EGFR,EGFR mRNA and TGF-α mRNA. Results Compared with the control group(0.12 0.17).the LPS-iniected pups showed a significant increase in injury scores at 1,3,6,12 and 24 h(1.28±0.62,1.75±0.74,1.98±0.75,2.85±0.41 and 2.35士0.63,respectively)(P<0.01).EGF protein levels at 1,3,6,12,24 h[(235.9±44.3)pg/mg prot,(231.8±30.0)pg/mg prot,(223.3±48.1)pg/mg prot,(211.7±47.0)pg/mg prot and(221.4±39.0)pg/mgprot,respectively]were significantly lower than that of the control group[(287.7±42.6)pg/mg prot](P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between the EGF levels and the grade of intestinal injury within 24 h(r=1.000,P<0.01).The expression of EGFR protein and mRNA was increased after LPS administration.There was no correlation between the EGFR protein and the grade of intestinal injury(r=0.800,P>0.05).The expression of TGF-α mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 1 and 3 h following LPS injection. Conclusions Reduced levels of EGF may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NEC.

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.There are two COX isoforrns:COX-1 and COX-2.Recently it is demonstrated that there is a close relationship of COX-2 with the occurrence,development and metabasis of tumor; COX-2 inhibitor is hoping to be a new target in tumor therapy.The article overviews many progresses of COX-2 about its expression,modulation and mecha-nism of carcinogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma in order to explore the prospect of the COX-2 inhibitors in cholangioearcinoma treatment.

Objective Oxidative stress which participates in the development of diabetes and its complications can induce inflammation and increase the damage and apoptosis on cells and tissue by influencing multiple signaling pathways?Blood glucose fluctuation increased oxidative stress and aggravated damage and apoptosis on cells?The roles of glucagon?like peptide?1 ( GLP?1) receptor agonist can improve blood glucose fluctuation by playing multiple system physiological effects,such as,delaying gastric emptying,reducing appetite, food intake and body weight, enhancing glucose dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucose dependent glucagon secretion?In addition,GLP?1 can reduce oxidative stress state by reducing the reactive oxygen species, inhibiting oxidase activity,up?regulating anti?oxidative stress genes,increasing the level of antioxidant enzymes.

The expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) is predominantly restricted to the CD25+CD4+population in both the thymus and periphery. Limited evidence indicated that Foxp3 is also expressed, albeit to a lesser extent, in the tis-sues outside of the thymus and spleen. However, recent studies showed that Foxp3 is expressed in many tumor cells, and has a definite relation with the occurrence, progress, and prognosis of malignant tumors. Foxp3 has become a popular topic in research on malignant tumor treatment, thereby bringing a new turning point for malignant tumor therapy.

Headache is a common disease in clinical,abnormity of climate doubles risk of headache.We systematize the yun-qi theory about the disease in Suwen,at the same time,give some medical record,analyze the role of outside factors in the cause of headache.

Animals ; Diet ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; etiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Platelet Activating Factor ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; physiology

bjective: To investigate the efficacy of pemetrexed as a second-line treatment for patients with NSCLC (advanced non-small cell lung cancer). Methods: Fifty-six patients with stages III B-IV NSCLC, who failed in the first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy, were enrolled in this study between January 2008 and January 2012. All the patiients received pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 on day 1 and repeated every 21 days as a second-line chemotherapy. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the clinical efficacy and the adverse effects were evaluated. The median survival time and the one-year survival rate were calculated. Results: All the patients received 2-6 cycles of the chemotherapy with a total of 178 cycles. All patients were evaluable. Of the 56 patients, no one achieved complete response, 9 (16.1%) achieved partial response, 10 (33.9%) achieved stable disease, 28 (50.0%) achieved progressive disease. The objective response rate was 16.1% (9/56). The median survival time was 8.9 months, and the one-year survival rate was 30.35%. The common adverse effects were bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal toxicities with a light severity and could be tolerable. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusion: Chemotherapy with pemetrexed as a second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC has a definite efficacy, and the adverse effects can be tolerable. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic plan of Miller Fisher syn-drome( MFS) complicated with Guillain-Barrésyndrome( GBS) .Methods The clinical data of one patient of MFS complicated with GBS was reviewed retrospectively,and analysis combined with literature review was given.Results The patient had infectious history before the onset of MFS and GBS.Clinical manifestations included MFS triad,bulbar paralysis,bilateral facial paralysis,protein-cell dissociation of cerebrospinal fluid and neurogenic damages in electro-myography.Plasm exchange and adrenocortical hormones treatment were effective.Conclusion MFS complicated with GBS is an independent disease which is different from MFS or GBS.It has its distinct clinical features which should apply appropriate treatment.

Objective To develop a stable and sensitive microemulsion liquid chromatography method by using oil-in-water microemulsion mobile phase;To simultaneously determine five major active lignans, namely, schizandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, and schisandrin B, in Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Methods The quantitative determination was conducted by using Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The influence of the composition of the microemulsion system on separation effect and retention time was studied. The method was optimized to sodium dodecyl sulfonate 3.3%(SDS, W/V), n-octanol 1.2% (V/V) and n-butanol 6.6% (V/V) in 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 7.0 with orthophosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide). The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min. The compound peaks were detected by UV at 254 nm. The column temperature was 25 ℃. Results Under the optimized conditions, baseline separation of 5 lignans was achieved in 20 min, and the separation was satisfying. Schizandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, and schisandrin B were in linear relation within the ranges of 2.0-155.0, 8.3-166.7, 8.8-175.8, 8.3-166.7, 8.9-177.1μg/mL (r>0.999). The limit of detection ranged from 0.06μg/mL to 0.18μg/mL, and the limit of quantitation ranged from 0.17μg/mL to 0.55μg/mL. The average recovery values were between 97.22%and 100.8%. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be successfully applied to simultaneous determination of five major active lignans in 13 batches of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus from different producing areas in China.