Adult ; Burns, Inhalation ; diagnostic imaging ; Explosions ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography

Objective To analyze the behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with vascular dementia (VaD),investigate the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms and such correlative factors as cognitive disturbance,age,education level of the patients,and explore the internal relations among Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) items. Methods NPI and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were introduced to assess the behavioral and psychological symptoms in 120patients with VaD and 61 healthy elders (control group). Results The VaD patient group had significantly higher scores in 8 items,including delusion,hallucination,agitation,dysphoria,apathy,irritability,aberrant motor and appetite/eating changes in the NPI list,as compared with the control group (P＜0.05),with the points ranked from the highest by dysphoria,apathy and irritability.Among the 8 items in the NPI list, delusion, apathy and aberrant motor were significantly correlated with cognitive disturbance; and aberrant motor was correlated with age and education level.Besides that,NPI factor analysis showed that 3 behavioral sub-syndromes,psychosis,mood disorder and behavioral disturbance,exited. Conclusion Behavioral and psychological symptoms were common in VaD patients,and the frequency and severity of appearing of behavioral and psychological symptoms were correlated with cognitive disturbance,age,and education level of different degrees; in addition,each sub-syndrome may have common pathophysiologic mechanism.

AIMTo Investigate the effect of glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) on regulation of gastric motility.

METHODSUsing microinjection in OFC,together with lesion of related nucleus,and recording the intragastric pressure(IGP).

RESULTS(1) Microinjection of Glu in OFC caused a significant reduce of the amplitude of gastric motility, this effect could be reverse by lesion of amygdala, while lesion of LC had no influence on the effect of Glu. (2) microinjection of GABA in OFC could increase the amplitude of gastric motility significantly,and lesion of LC could abolish this effect,while lesion of amygdala could enhance the effect of GABA more.

CONCLUSIONMicroinjection of Glu in OFC may enhance the normal inhibitory effect of amygdale on gastric motility, and the effect of microinjection of GABA in OFC on gastric motility is closely related with LC.

Amygdala ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; metabolism ; physiology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Glutamic Acid ; pharmacology ; Locus Coeruleus ; physiology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe (ZZYCR) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, and to explore its effect on serum free fatty acid (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).

METHODSTotally 120 patients with NASH were randomly assigned to the treatment group (60 cases, treated with ZZYCR, one dose per day) and the control group (60 cases, treated with Silibin Meglumine Tablets, 20 mg each time, thrice per day). The therapeutic course for all was 24 weeks. Serum levels of ALT and AST activities, TC and TG levels were detected before and after treatment. Peritoneal CT was performed in all patients, and CT ratios of liver and spleen calculated. NAFLD activity score (NAS) and degree of hepatic fibrosis were assessed using pathological examinations of liver tissue, and efficacy also evaluated. Serum contents of FFA and TNF-alpha were also detected.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment in the same group, activities of ALT and AST, serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, and TNF-alpha, NAS, scores of symptoms and signs all obviously decreased, degree of hepatic fibrosis was obviously improved in the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These changes were more obviously seen in the treatment group (P < 0.05). After 24-week treatment, the total effective rate and total clinical efficacy were 80.00% (48/60 cases) and 85.00% (51/60 cases) in the treatment group, obviously higher than those in the control group [60.00% (36/60 cases) and 73.33% (44/60 cases) respectively], with significant difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONZZYCR could improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients, and its mechanism might be associated with inhibiting serum levels of FFA and TNF-alpha.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; drug therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

AIM: To investigate therapeutic efficiency of amniotic extraction on dry eye in rabbit model induced by topical benzalkonium chloride (BAC).
METHODS: Totally 26 rabbits (26 right eyes) with dry eye model were studied and divided into two groups:group A (control group with PBS eye drops, n = 13) and group B ( amniotic extraction group, n = 13). Another two rabbits were chosen as normal control. The SchirmerⅠ tests ( S Ⅰ t) and corneal fluorescein staining ( FL) were made, and the tear total protein content, amylase activity, lactoferrin, lysozyme contents, goblet cell density were performed in two groups before treatment and 1, 2, 4 and 8 wk after treatment.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in SIT, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density among different groups at different time points (P<0. 05). But, there was no significant differences in SⅠt, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density between two groups before treatment (P>0. 05). After 8wks' treatment with PBS, the mean differences of the group A showed great changes in SⅠt, lysozyme and goblet cell density compared with those before treatment ( P < 0. 05); but there was no significant differences in FL scores compared with those before treatment (P>0. 05). As for group B, 8wks after treatment, there were statistical changes in SⅠt, FL, lysozyme (P<0. 05); but there was no significant differences in goblet cell density compared with those before treatment ( P > 0. 05). It was evident that statistical differences were observed in S Ⅰ t, FL scores, lysozyme activity and goblet cell density between two groups at each time point (P<0. 05). However, there were no significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity at different time points (P>0. 05). Meanwhile there was no significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity between two groups before treatment ( P > 0. 05 ). But there were significant differences in total protein, lactoferrin, amylase activity between two groups after 4 and 8 wks'treatment (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Amniotic extraction has significant therapeutic effect on the dry eye in rabbit model.

Adverse environmental stimulation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can affect neurodevelopment through epigenetic modification and thus has adverse effects on the long-term developmental outcome of preterm infants. Developmental care can reverse epigenetic changes in genes and promote neurodevelopment in preterm infants. This article reviews the influence of environmental stress in the NICU and developmental care on neurodevelopment in preterm infants, as well as related epigenetic effects, in order to provide a reference for epigenetic studies of preterm infants.
Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal

OBJECTIVETo find out the optimum extract process for Ligusticum chuanxiong in Gan-ning Granule, and studyed the methods of concentration and dry for the extract.

METHODWith the yield of ferulic acid as the assessment index, to optimize the 80% alcohol totalling, extracting times and circumfluence time for extract process by the orthogonal design, to optimize the inlet-air temperature, feed speed and density of feed for spry drying by the orthogonal design.

RESULTThe optimum procedure was the ferulic acid were extracted for 1 hour with 3 times of 80% alcohol. While extracting times effected it most porminently. The optimal processing conditions of spry drying were inlet-air temperature 120 degrees C, feed speed 8.5 mL x min(-1) and density of feed 1.15, While feed speed effected it most porminently.

CONCLUSIONThe experimental results provide the basis for the extraction process and drying process of the ferulic acid in ligusticum chuanxiong.

Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Desiccation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

AIM To establish a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS) method for the simultaneous content determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rg1,ginsenoside Rb1,ginsenoside Rd,taurine,taurocholic acid,cholic acid,glycocholic acid,glycodeoxycholicacid,chenodeoxycholic acid,deoxycholic acid and muscone in Pientzehuang (Bovis Calculus,Moschus,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Waters CORTECS UPLC C18column (100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.6 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.25 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Thirteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞0.998 5),whose average recoveries were 91.1％-105.3％ with the RSDs of 2.4％-4.6％.CONCLUSION This accurate,simple,sensitive and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Pientzehuang.

This study examined associations between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and serum folate concentrations with the risk of esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The highest quartile of serum folate concentration significantly decreased the risk of ESCC compared with the lowest quartile (OR=0.11; 95% Cl, 0.04-0.33; P<0.05). MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphism was associated with the risk of ESCC by using chi-square tests (P<0.05). For the CT genotype, the risk of ESCC significantly increased in study participants with low serm folate concentrations (≤26.92 μg/L) compared with participants with high serum folate concentrations (>26.92 μg/L) by using multinomial logistic regression models. The MTHFR genotype may further modify associations between serum folate concentrations and the risk of ESCC, but it was not significantly associated with the risk of EPL.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood ; genetics ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; Folic Acid ; blood ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

A dominant H-2d restricted Th epitope P34 was found to be contained in recombinant particulate hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine HEV 239. In this paper, the cellular immune response induced in P34 immunized BALB/c mice were studied and the priming effect of P34 was characterized. Groups of BALB/c mice were subcutaneously (s. c.) immunized with P34, splenocytes were then stimulated with P34 and HEV 239 protein, cellular immune response was assayed by IFN-gamma-ELISPOT, flow cytometry and T cell proliferation experiments. Results showed that P34 immunized BALB/c splenocytes responsed to P34 and HEV 239 protein stimulation in IFN-gamma-ELISPOT, flow cytometry and T cell proliferation experiments. After depletion of the CD4+ T cells from the immunized splenocytes by magnetic separation, the response decreased to the background level while almost no influence was observed after CD8 + T cells depletion which showed that the cells responsible for IFN-gamma secretion were mainly CD4+ T cells. Then mice were primed with P34 and boosted with its vector protein, E2, the E2 specific antibody titer were assayed. Results showed that after P34 priming, some of the 10 microg, 20 microg E2 boosted mice could develop anti-E2 antibody 1 week later and all the mice had detectable antibody 3 weeks after boosting. In the control peptide P18 priming group, even after boosting with 20 microg E2, anti-E2 antibody couldn't be detected until the end of this experiment. The results showed that priming with P34 epitope could increase the immunogenicity of its vector protein, E2, in BALB/c mice.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; immunology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hepatitis E virus ; immunology ; Immunization ; methods ; Immunization, Secondary ; Interferons ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; cytology ; immunology ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Viral Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology