Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the teaching method PBL in gynecology and obstetric education. Methods We took PBL in teaching Acute Gynecological Abdomen Pain in 102 students between 2008 and 2009. Results Questionnaire results and high scores in tests suggested that the students showed great subjective initiative in studies.PBL can cultivate students'self-learning capability,improve their ability of analyzing and solving prob-lems. Conclusion PBL is a better way in clinical medical education and worthwhile to be further researched and carried out.

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a technology for fast qualitation, quantitative analysis and separation of single cells or other biological particles. The method is rapid, sensitive and accurate, and its objective and direct result can be analyzed with multi-parameters simultaneously. The morphological, biochemical and molecular changes during apoptosis include cellular shrinkage, permeability transition of plasma membrane, caspases activation, dissipation of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, phosphatidylserine redistribution, calcium flux and DNA fragmentation and content. The review outlined the methods to characterize, identify and quantify apoptoUc cells by flow cytometry to further determine cell apoptosis.

Photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) is a new technique to diagnose and treat diseases with photodynamic effect produced by photosensitizer and light, and is now a main method of treating exudative age - related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . ln recent years, with the development of science and technology, combinations of PDT have become a research hot spot. ln this paper, we reviewed the research status of treatments on exudative AMD with PDT combined anti-VEGF drugs.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcome of posterior total vertebral resection in treating thoracic vertebrae tumor in order to provide a safe and effective method in rebuilding spine stability.

METHODSFrom 2002.1 to 2007.12, 18 patients with thoracic spine tumor underwent posterior total vertebral resection and internal fixation. Among the patients, 10 patients were male and 8 patients were female, ranging in age from 45 to 78 years, with an average of 56 years. The course of the diseases ranged from 2 to 13 months. After the operation, the tumor reccurence was monitored by X-ray, and the tumor markers were detected.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for a period ranging from 12 to 60 months, averaged 29 months. All the patients showed a postoperative neurologic improvement, as well as showed radiographic evidence of solid fusion in the follow-up examinations during 3 to 9 months, with an average of (8 +/- 1.4) months.

CONCLUSIONPosterior total vertebral resection for the treatment of thoracic spine tumor is safe and effective.

Aged ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of clinicopathology and prognosis of 3 pediatric cases diagnosed as C3 glomerulopathy, and to improve the understanding of C3 glomerulopathy in children.

METHODThe medical record, plasma complement C3, Factor H (FH) and its autoantibody, and therapeutic response of the 3 cases were analyzed, and their prognosis were followed up.

RESULTOf the 3 cases, 2 were male and 1 was female, the age of onset was 9 years, 12 years, 5 years 4 months, the duration from onset to renal biopsy was 3 months, 7 months and 20 days, and the follow-up period were 2.6 years, 8 months and 1.5 years respectively.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONSAll the 3 cases showed microscopic hematuria, with or without gross hematuria and proteinuria. Two showed persistently decreased plasma complement C3, in the other one C3 was in normal lower limit, all presented with decreased FH concertration, in 1 case anti-FH antibody was positive. Their clinical diagnosis was post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome (NS) nephritis type, and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis respectively.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGSAll showed evident deposition of C3 on glomerular basement membrance (GBM) and mesangial region by immunofluorescence (IF) and electron dense deposit in GBM, mesangial region or para-mesangial region by Electron microscopic (EM) examination Treatment and prognosis: The case with NS showed no response to steroid, so steroid was gradually stopped after renal biopsy and replaced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor antagonist (ARB). The other two cases were treated with ACEI and renal protective treatment. Of the 3 cases, one gradually showed elevated serum creatinine (Scr) and decreased creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), the other two were normal, but slightly increased indications for early kidney injury.

CONCLUSIONC3 glomerulopathy is characterized by evident C3 deposition under IF. Its clinical and pathological manifestations vary a lot. The decreased plasma C3 and FH suggest that the abnormal regulation of complement system play an importment role in its pathogenesis.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Complement C3 ; metabolism ; Complement Factor H ; deficiency ; metabolism ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Glomerulonephritis ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hematuria ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; etiology ; pathology ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects and related mechanisms of fasudil on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats.

METHODSA total of 56 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: 4 weeks control group (N4), 4 weeks PAH group (M4), 8 weeks control group (N8), 8 weeks PAH group (M8), 8 weeks PAH and fasudil group (F8). PAH was induced by subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (50 mg/kg). Animals in F8 group received intraperitoneal injection of fasudil hydrochloride (15 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) from the end of the 4th week to the end of the 8th week. Rats in control groups and PAH groups received equal volume saline injection. Polyethylene catheters were inserted into the RV through the jugular vein for right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) measurements after various treatment protocols. RV hypertrophy index [RV/(LV+S)] was also measured. Arteries of 50 to 150 µm were evaluated for the median wall thickness and wall area by HE staining as follows: percent wall thickness (WT%) = [(medial thickness×2/external diameter)]×100 and percent wall area (WA%) = (wall area/total area)×100%. The mRNA expression of ROCK-1 in lung tissue was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein expressions of ROCK-1 and MYPT-1 in lung tissue were analyzed by Western blot and MYPT-1 phosphorylation, respectively.

RESULTSForty-one rats survived and mortality rate was zero in N4, N8 and M4 groups. Survival rate was significantly higher in F8 group compared to M8 group (75.00% vs. 31.25%, P < 0.05). At the end of the 4th week, RVSP [(62.25 ± 3.24) vs. (31.33 ± 2.35) mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa)], mPAP [(36.38 ± 2.31) vs.(20.32 ± 1.81) mm Hg], [RV/(LV+S)] (0.5648 ± 0.0580 vs. 0.3458 ± 0.0455), WT% [(25.63 ± 5.35)% vs.(13.38 ± 3.45)%], WA% [(60.36 ± 2.51)% vs. (38.42 ± 2.84)%] were all significantly higher in M4 group than in N4 group (all P < 0.01). RVSP [(54.64 ± 4.11) vs. (67.37 ± 4.68) mm Hg], mPAP [(26.25 ± 2.32) vs. (39.83 ± 1.83) mm Hg], and markedly relieve [RV/(LV+S)] (0.3985 ± 0.0210 vs. 0.7600 ± 0.0341), WT% [(15.64 ± 2.81)% vs. (28.26 ± 4.38)%], WA% [(40.35 ± 2.82)% vs. (68.83 ± 1.63)%] were all significantly lower in F8 group than in M8 group (all P < 0.05) while the expression of ROCK-1 mRNA (1.2139 ± 0.1778 vs. 1.6839 ± 0.3251, P < 0.01), and the protein expression of ROCK-1 and MYPT-1 as well as the extent of MYPT-1 phosphorylation were all downregualted in F8 group compared to M8 group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSFasudil can effectively reverse the MCT-induced PAH in rats via downregulating ROCK-1 and MYPT-1.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Monocrotaline ; toxicity ; Protein Phosphatase 1 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Treatment Outcome ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the influences of Panax notoginsenosid(a compound of Chinese Traditional Medicine) on the spontaneous contraction of small intestine smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro and explore the mechanism.

METHODSThe influences of Panax notoginsenosid on the spontaneous contraction of small intestine in intacted rabbits(male or female) after the isothermal perfuse of small intestine in vitro were observed. Bay K8644 and nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) were added to the normal Tyrode's solution respectively before Panax notoginsenosid. In the Ca2+ free Tyrode's solution, rynodine was added before Panax notoginsenosid. The mechanism of Panax notoginsenosid was studied.

RESULTSPanax notoginsenosid reduced the amplitude of contraction of small intestine smooth muscle in rabbits in a does-depended manner. Bay K8644 and L-NAME could completely block the inhibition of Panax notoginsenosid on the contraction of small intestine smooth muscle. Panax notoginsenosid inhibited significantly the intracellular calcium-depended contraction induced by rynodine in the Ca2+ free Tyrode's solution.

CONCLUSIONPanax notoginsenosid inhibits significantly the contraction of small intestine smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro. The mechanism may be related to increase NO concentration in small intestine smooth muscle so that inhibit extracellular Ca2+ inflowing via cell membrane and intracellular Ca2+ releasing via sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Depression, Chemical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestine, Small ; physiology ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth ; metabolism ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinico-pathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in childhood and adolescents.

METHODSFrom 1984 to 1997, 86 cases with thyroid carcinoma in childhood and adolescent treated were summarized.

RESULTSAll cases underwent operation with adjuvant therapy. Pathologically, papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 73 (84.9%), follicular carcinoma in 6 (7%), papillary-follicular carcinoma in 4 (4.7%) and medullary carcinoma in 3 (3.5%). Cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 59 cases (68.6%), 16 of which with both thyroid carcinoma and bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis (27.1%). Lung metastasis was found in 11 cases. Recurrence occurred in 6 cases after operation. Compared with the thyroid carcinoma in adult patients, cervical lymph node metastasis, bilateral involvement of the thyroid gland with bilateral cervical nodes and lung metastasis rate were more commonly seen in childhood and adolescence. All but 2 patients had been followed up for more than 5 years, 41 patients for more than 10 years. The 5-year and 10-year survival rate was 95.3% (82/86) and 87.8% (36/41), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical manifestations of childhood and adolescent thyroid cancer are generally not pathognostic which may lead to misdiagnosis. Surgery is the main method in the comprehensive treatment with a good prognosis. The therapy with (131)I after operation was beneficial for some patients accompanied with lung metastasis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Differentiation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of expression of phosphorylation c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK) during the skin burned wound healing in patients and discuss the molecular mechanism of burned wound healing. METHODS: The staining intensity and distribution of p-JNK were detected by immunohistochemistry and routine histology in burned skin samples of 12 patients and normal skin samples of 12 control subjects. RESULTS: In normal skin, the positive signals of p-JNK were mostly localized in basal layer cells of the epidermis, with a positive rate of (8.8+/-1.3)%. In the burned group, the positive signals of p-JNK were mainly localized in the epidermal cells and some inflammatory cells, with a significantly higher positive rate of (31.2+/-3.3)% than the normal group(P<0.01). CONCLUSION The changes of p-JNK expression after skin burned might correlate with wound healing.
Adult ; Burns/enzymology* ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorylation ; Random Allocation ; Skin/injuries* ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new animal model of grading skeletal muscle contusions that could be controllable and repetitive. METHODS: The rats' gastrocnemius was injured by a new weight-dropping device designed. The force acting on gastrocnemius with a comparatively constant duration and inducing elastic deformation of the gastrocnemius was expressed with velocity (v) and deformation (DF). Instant velocity was changed to create gastrocnemius contusions. Pathological changes of gastrocnemius were graded by the gross and histological examinations of 39 rats. RESULTS: At low level of impact (v: 2 m/s, DF: 5.5 mm), mild injuries were detected in epimysium and superficial layer of gastrocnemius. At moderate level of impact (v: 2.5 m/s, DF: 6.5 mm), the injuries were observed in epimysium and whole gastrocnemius. At high level of impact (v: 3 m/s, DF: 7.5 mm), severe injuries were seen deeper to soleus with more extensive skeletal muscle damage. CONCLUSION Grading of skeletal muscle blunt force contusion is created by parameter of velocity and muscle deformation. The model could be used for further research on skeletal muscle contusions.
Animals ; Contusions/classification* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Forensic Pathology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/injuries* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating