BACKGROUND: The main role that the osteoprotegedn (OPG) plays in bone tissues is to inhibilate the formation and the activity of osteoclast, while as for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), it is to stimulate the differentiation and the activity of osteoclast. Both OPG and RANKL are important for the regulation of osteoclastic function. Recent studies have found the stimulative effects of adiponectin on the proliferation and the differentiation of osteoblast, as well as the coupling between adiponectin and bone metabolism. But effects of adiponectin on osteoclast remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of adiponectin on the expression of OPG and RANKL in osteoblast, and to further analyze its effects on the formation of osteoclast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Institute of 2008.MATERIALS: Cancellous bone in anterior superior lilac spine was obtained from adult normal by surgery for cell incubation. Clinical samples were provided by the Xiangya Hospital. METHODS: Human osteoblast was incubated with different doses of adiponcetin (0, 3, 10 and 30 mg/L) for 48 hours, after which OPG and RANKL mRNA and protein expression level was determined. In addition, adiponcetin was added into the co-culture system of osteoblast and peripheral blood monouclear cells for examing its effects on osteoclast formation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OPG and RANKL mRNA and protein expression in human osteoblast was determined using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Osteoclast was detected by antitartaric acid acid phosphatase staining. RESULTS: Adiponcetin inhibited osteoblast OPG mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.05). Adiponcetin promoted osteoblast RANKL mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent way (P < 0.05). Adiponectin induced the osteoclasts formation in the co-culture system of osteoblast and peripheral blood monouclear cells. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin has the effect of inducing osteoclast formation via stimulating RANKL expression and inhibiting OPG

Child ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Pylorus ; abnormalities

Anti-Infective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Burkholderia pseudomallei ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Melioidosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; therapeutic use

Activated sludge is a complicated microbial ecosystem that has diversity. Based on the diversity,microorganisms are selected by acclimation condition:the survival of the fittest,otherwise eliminate through selection or contest. Moreover,microorganisms in activated sludge acclimatize themselves to acclimation conditions. In the process the ecosystem distributes and adjusts microbial niche over again. The theory of "selection and acclimatization" may be used to explain the mechanism of activated sludge acclimation. So then,original sludge,wastewater quality and treating process are major influencing factors for activated sludge acclimation.

Objective To observe the level of reduced glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione(GSSG)in a mouse bone cell line MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to fluoride.Methods MTT method was used to detect cell viability of M C3T3-E1 cells exposed to varying concentrations and periods of fluoride [F-concentration:0(control),0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0,12.0,20.0 mg/L; F-periods:1,2,4 and 10 days].The Xevo TQ MS was employed to test the levels of GSH,GSSG and glutamine (Gln).Results The MC3T3-E1 cell viability was significantly higher in the 2 mg/L group(0.57 ± 0.05) 1 day after the exposure compared to the respective control(0.49 ± 0.03,P ＜0.01); conversely,cell viability was markedly lower in the 8 mg/L(0.49 ± 0.07) and 12 mg/L(0.47 ± 0.09)groups 4 days after the exposure in comparison to the control(0.63 ± 0.06,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The cell viability in the 8 mg/L group(1.52 ± 0.29) 10 days after the exposure was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.86 ± 0.23,P ＜ 0.01),however,the value in the 20.0 mg/L group (0.54 ± 0.07) was significantly lower(P ＜0.01).The level of cell GSH decreased significantly in the 20 mg/L groups 2 days[(13.92 ± 4.63)μmol/L]and 10 days [(0.53 ± 0.30)μmol/L]after exposure compared to the respective comtrols [(26.42 ± 3.67),(24.85 ± 5.68)μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.01].The level of cell GSSG markedly increased in the 2 mg/L group 2 days [(1.12 ± 0.62)μ mol/L]and the 8 mg/L group 4 days [(2.13 ± 0.62)μ mol/L]after exposure compared to the controls[(0.55 ± 0.22),(1.46 ± 0.46)μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The similar change was observed in the 8 mg/L group[(2.97 ± 1.30)μmol/L] 10 days after exposure compared to the control [(1.35 ± 0.50)μmol/L,P ＜ 0.05].The level of Glndecreased significantly in the 2 mg/L group[ (62.80 ± 17.4l)μ mol/L] 4 days and in the 8 and 20 mg/L groups 10 days[ (122.26 ± 19.51), (19.38 ± 8.11)μmol/L] after exposure compared to the controls [ (83.28 ±14.32), ( 147.15± 16.95) μmol/L , all P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ]. Conclusions Fluoride exposure can significantly promote the changes of GSH, GSSG and Gln levels in the osteoblast, thus affecting the intracellular redox equilibrium.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ADC histogram obtained from MR DW imaging for stage ⅠB cervical cancer. Methods Seventy three patients diagnosed by cervical smear screening as cervical cancer without priortreatment were included prospectively in the patient group, and staged according to the international federation of gynecology and obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Forty three patients with uterine leiomyoma detected by gynecologic examination, ultrasonography or CT and with negative result of cervical smear screening who were scheduled for hysterectomy were included prospectively in the control group. The patients of both groups underwent routine pelvic MR sequences, dynamic contrast enhanced imaging and DWI before hysterectomy. ADC histograms of the entire tumor and cervix volume were generated by post-processing software. Features of ADC histogram for the 2 groups were observed. Histogram parameters such as mean ADC (ADCmean), median ADC (ADCmedian), the 25th percentile of ADC (ADC_25th), the 75th percentile of ADC (ADC_75th), skewness and kurtosis were recorded. Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on homogeneity of variance was employed for the comparison of
those parameters. ROC analysis was employed for assessing the diagnostic performance of ADC histogram in distinguishing the 2 groups. Results Thirty five patients in the patient group were staged as FIGO IB. Five patients in the control group ended up with pathologic findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3. Therefore 38 patients in the control group were investigated. ADC histograms of the patient group were mostly skewed positively, while the curves were largely skewed negatively. ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC_25th, ADC_75th, skewness and kurtosis for the IB stage patient group were (1.10±0.21)×10-3mm2/s, (1.05±0.21)× 10-3 mm2/s, (0.90 ± 0.19) × 10-3mm2/s, (1.26 ± 0.23) × 10-3mm2/s, 0.83 (median) and 1.25 (median) respectively. ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC_25th, ADC_75th, skewness and kurtosis for the control group were (1.62 ± 0.25)×10-3mm2/s, (1.64±0.24)×10-3mm2/s, (1.42±0.24)×10-3mm2/s, (1.84±0.27)×10-3mm2/s,-0.11(median) and 0.29 (median) respectively. All parameters showed statistically different (t values were -9.693,- 11.117, -10.255, and -9.988 for ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC_25th and ADC_75th respectively;Z values were -6.360 and -4.445 for skewness and kurtosis respectively; P< 0.01). ROC analysis indicated that ADCmedian had the highest diagnostic accuracy for differentiating the 2 groups, with the area under the curve being 0.97, a cutoff value of 1.21×10-3mm2/s, and a sensitivity of 95.6%and a specificity of 89.3%. Conclusion ADC histogram of DWI may be valuable for diagnosing stage IB cervical cancer by distinguishing stage IB cervical cancer from normal cervix or cervical benign lesions.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; MART-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulloblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Melanocytes ; pathology ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nevus of Ota ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Adult ; Choristoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Thymoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Morina Officinalis How (MOH) on the abnormal levels of serum luteotrophic hormone (LH) and LH receptor (LHR) in the testis tissue induced by cellphone radiation (CPR) in rats.

METHODSFifty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number: sham CPR, untreated CPR, negative double distilled water (DDW) control, aqueous MOH extract, and alcohol MOH extract. All the animals were exposed to mobile phone radiation except those of the sham CPR group. Then, the rats of the latter two groups were treated intragastrically with MOH at 20 g per kg of the body weight per day in water and alcohol, respectively. After 2. weeks of treatment, all the rats were sacrificed for measurement of the levels of serum LH and LHR in the testis tissue.

RESULTSThe levels of serum LH and LHR were 30.15 ± 8.71 and 33.28 ± 6.61 in the aqueous MOH group and 0.96 ± 0.06 and 0.94 ± 0.08 in the alcohol MOH group, both significantly decreased as compared with the negative DDW controls (P < 0.05), but with no remarkable difference between the two MOH groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMOH can improve CPR-induced abnormality of LH and LHR in adult male rats.

Animals ; Cell Phone ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Male ; Morinda ; chemistry ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; blood ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Receptors, LH ; blood ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Testis ; radiation effects

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Breast Neoplasms, Male ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Mastectomy ; methods ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism