The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted at mountain areas where there is appropriate weather condition. Due to the complex terrain condition in mountain area, the planting at such places is always associated with a scattered pattern, which inevitably bring difficulty to the work of accurate measurement for the planting area. Advanced research about monitoring the planting area for medicine-herb under complex environmental condition is so critical and meaningful for developing the medicine-herb planting to a large scale and an industry. Therefore, this research, taking the planting of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in Luding county as an example, utilizes RS&GIS: using the image data from TM and ETM datum as the remote sensing information source, integrating GPS data from quadrat survey on the spots, and analyzing on a GIS platform, to extract the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county. The results indicate that: (1) the method and technology used to estimate the planting area of H. pedunculosum are feasible and can be applied to monitoring the planting area of medicine-herb at mountain area under complex environmental conditions: (2) the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county is estimated to be 857. 246 acres by the methods utilized in this research, which is closed to the value from local statistical data with an error range less than 5%; (3) in consideration of those inevitable errorrs generating from the procedures such as remote sensing data acquisition, data preprocessing, data interpretation, and so on, and the fact that the classification of remote sensing data, which must be implemented by those above procedures, was used directly to extract the herb type, the accuracy of area estimation for the herb is significantly influenced by the accuracy of classification for herb type, and the estimated area is inevitably associated with some error.
China ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Geographic Information Systems ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Remote Sensing Technology ; methods

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Rhadiola Extract Injection for treatment of stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease with cariac blood stasis syndrome. METHODS: Arandomized,double-blind,positive drug parallel controlled,multi-center clinical trial was adopted.414 patients with stable angna pectoris of coronary heart disease with cariac blood stasis syndrome were randomly chosen and divided into two groups: test group(n=308 cases) and control group(n=106 cases).The test group was treated with Rhadiola Extract Injection and the control group received Xiangdan Injection.Treatment course of each group was 10 days.(RESULTS:) The therapeutic effect and changes of electrocardiogram in the test group were better than that of the control group(P0.05).The test group had no obvious side-effects. CONCLUSION: Rhadiola Extract Injection is safe and effective in treating stable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease with cariac blood stasis syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methylation of p16(INK4a) and RB gene, and the expression of p16(INK4a) in meningiomas.

METHODSMethylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detect the methylation of p16(INK4a) and RB in 50 cases of meningiomas, and immunostaining was performed to analyze the protein expression of p16(INK4a) in 25 of those cases.

RESULTSNo methylation was found in the benign meningiomas, whereas methylation of p16(INK4a)or RB occurred in 6(37.5%) cases of grade II tumors and 4(28.6%) cases of grade III tumors, and among these cases, an atypical meningioma showed methylation of both genes. Thirteen cases showed p16(INK4a) positive expression, but none of them was methylated.

CONCLUSIONThe methylation of p16(INK4a) or RB is related with the tumorigenesis and progression of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, and a probable mechanism is that methylation causes the loss of expression and leads to dysfuncation of the p16(INK4a)/cyclin D1/CDK4/RB pathway.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cyclin D1 ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Meningioma ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of chondromalacia patella among college students and the correlation with sports injury.

METHODS354 students from gymnastic department and 429 from nongymnastic department with knee joint pain were selected. 184 students from gymnastic department and 342 from nongymnastic department were checked randomly by a surgeon. 77 patients (37 males, 40 females) from gymnastic department and 119 patients (62 males, 57 females) from nongymnastic department were diagnosed as chondromalacia patellae. The amount of exercise and the occurrence of sports injury were investigated in each student. All data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 statistical software.

RESULTSThe prevalence of chondromalacia patella was 20.1% in female students and 11.6% in male students from gymnastic department, and 5.61% in female students and 4.92% in male students from nongymnastic department. The amount of exercise and the occurrence of sports injury to the knee joint in students from gymnastic department were greater than those from nongymnastic department.

CONCLUSIONSIn both female and male students, the prevalence of chondromalacia patella is higher in gymnastic department than nongymnastic department. Sports injury is an important cause of chondromalacia patella.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Athletic Injuries ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Cartilage Diseases ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Knee Injuries ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Patella ; pathology ; Prevalence ; Probability ; Prognosis ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution

Psychrotrophs were isolated by using four media from low-temperature sewage of sewage treatment plant in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Totally, 154 strains were obtained including 12 filamentous fungi, 46 yeasts, 6 actinomycetes and 90 bacteria. The results of tolerance tests of the isolates to salt, phenol and SDS, and enzyme producing characters of amylase, proteinase and esterase were shown. Then 60 bacterial strains were chosen for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. The blasting results showed that the strains were assigned to 13 recognized genera , and the Strain 39 exhibited 96.6% similarity to Acinetobacter lwoffii(DSM2403), indicating that it might be a novel species. These results suggested that there were a lot of psychrotrophs and rich bacterial diversity in low-temperature sewage. In addition, which maybe an important and potential library of microbial resources.

OBJECTIVETo assess the reliability and validity of the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale in the male population of Shanghai.

METHODSWe enrolled 973 males aged 40 years and over in a community of Shanghai, China. Using the AMS scale, we calculated the split-half reliability coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, assessed the validity through confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis, and obtained the domain scores of different people by analysis of variance and independent sample test.

RESULTSThe split-half reliability was > 0.78 (P < 0.01) and Cronbach's alpha coefficients of all the dimensions > 0.82 (P < 0.01). Confirmatory factor analysis showed 3 domains in the AMS scale, Pearson correlation coefficients of all the items to their domains were > 0.49 (P < 0.01), and the total testosterone level was not correlated with AMS scores, with Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.04 (P > 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in AMS scores among different age groups as well as among those with different chronic disease histories, but not in the psychological domain among different age groups.

CONCLUSIONThe reliability and validity of the AMS scale are acceptable in assessing aging males'symptoms among the male population of Shanghai, but further studies are needed to determine whether it could be used as a tool for screening late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) in males.

Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different concentrations of bilirubin on expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in cord blood monocytes (CBMC).

METHODSUnder the sterile condition, umbilical vein blood samples were obtained from normal full-term newborns, and the monocytes were in vitro separated by the method of gelatin/plasma coated flasks. The monocytes were preincubated with various concentrations (0-307.8 μmol/L) of bilirubin dissolved in bovine albumin solution for 1 hr. Bilirubin-treated CBMC were further cultured with LPS (1 μg/mL) to induce cellular activation for 24 hrs, and then the CBMC were collected. The expression of TLR4 in monocytes was measured by indirect immunofluorescence method.

RESULTSBilirubin at the concentrations of 102.6, 153.9, 220.6 and 307.8 μmol/L inhibited the expression of TLR4 of CBMC. The inhibition effect increased with the increasing concentration of bilirubin.

CONCLUSIONSBilirubin can inhibit the TLR4 expression of CBNC in a dose-dependent manner.

Bilirubin ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fetal Blood ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Monocytes ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; blood

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect between mini-traumatic bone-grafting and non-bone-grafting in percutaneous K-wire fixation for treating the calcaneal fractures.

METHODSFrom 2002 to 2006, 112 patients with the type II (Paley type) fractures of calcaneus were studied. There were 56 cases in bone-grafting group involving 36 males and 20 famales,aged from 21 to 65, averaged (42.0 +/- 2.3) years; 11 cases were in type II a and 45 were in type II b; the course was from 3 to 14 days, averaged (6.0 +/- 1.2) days. And there were 56 cases in non-bone-grafting group involving 38 males and 18 famales,aged from 22 to 67, averaged (43.0 +/- 2.5)years; 13 cases were in type II a and 43 were in type II b; the course was from 2 to 15 days, averaged (5.0-2.1) days. All the cases were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation, and bone-grafting group(56 cases) were treated by mini-traumatic bone-grafting, but the other group (56 cases) were not. The collapsing rate and fineness rate were compared.

RESULTSAll the cases were followed up from 5 to 52 months. There were no collapsing cases in the bone-grafting group after operation, but 3 cases occurrenced re-collapsing in the non-bone-grafting group. According to the Zhang Tie-liang's evaluation criterion, in the bone-grafting group,the results were excellent in 43 cases, good in 12, fair in 1, the fineness rate was 98.2%. In the non-bone-grafting group,the results were excellent in 37 cases, good in 16, fair in 2, poor in 1, the fineness rate was 94.7%.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of the type II fracture of calcaneus with closed reduction, percutaneous K-wire fixation and mini-traumatic bone-grafting can prevent the posterior talar articular surface of caltaneus from collapsing again after operation, enhance the union of fracture, elevate the curative effect, thus it should be taken with the standard therapeutic regimen.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Bone Wires ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the changes in neuroglobin(NGB)expression in rat cerebral cortex induced by acute and chronic hypoxia at high altitude.Methods Seventy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control and experimental groups,and in the latter group,the rats kept in a high-altitude research base in Kekexili(4600 m),while the control rats were kept in a facility at the altitude of 2295 m.The rats in the experimental group were divided into 6 groups with the exposure time of 12,24,48,72 h,1 week and 1 month.An oximeter was used to measure the SaO2 level.Semi-quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of NGB mRNA and protein in the cortical neurons of the rats after the exposure.Results After explosure of the rats to hypoxia at high altitude for 12h,the SaO2 was lowered to(70.70±2.83)%and increased gradually as exposure time prolonged,but remained lower than that in the control group throughout the exposure.RT-PCR showed a rapid increase of NGB mRNA expression after 24-h exposure to hypoxia,followed by gradual decrease till recovery of the normal level at 1 week;the expression slowly increased after 1 week and maintained a high level till 1 months.showing significant difference from that in the control group(P＜0.05).Western blotting showed an identical pattem of NGG protein expression alterations during the experiment.Conclusion NGB expressions in the cerebral cortex increase significantly after acute and chronic hypoxia at an altitude of 4600 m to enhance the tolerance to hypobaric hypoxia,suggesting the possible role of NGB as an important endogenous mechanism for protecting the neural tissues against hypoxic injuries.

OBJECTIVESTo analyze the long-term survivors of glioblastoma and to identify any prognostic factors that potentially contribute to survival.

METHODSFifteen glioblastomas patients underwent surgery from June 2007 to April 2009 who survived longer than 3 years were enrolled in. Clinical characteristics such as age, location of tumor, extent of resection, and radiotherapy or chemotherapy were analyzed. The expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein 53 (P53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1), and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) in tumor samples were measured by immunohistochemical method, and the status of P53 and IDH1 were detected by direct DNA sequencing as well. And the patients who survived less than 1 year were set as control. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors.

RESULTSThe average age of patients at diagnosis was 45.6 years. And the overall survival time was 3-6 years (median survival time 3.5 years). Thirteen patients underwent a total resection, and 14 patients took orally temozolomide. The occurrence frequency of these molecular markers in long-term survivors was PTEN (13/15), IDH1 (13/15), IDH1 mutation (12/15), P53 (8/15), P53 mutation (7/15), EGFR (6/15), MGMT (4/15) and NF-1 (3/15). There was a good correlation between IDH1 protein expression and IDHI mutation, and between P53 protein expression and P53 mutation. And the survival analysis showed that age above 50 years at diagnosis (OR = 0.262, 95%CI: 0.102 - 0.672), total resection (OR = 0.372, 95%CI: 0.149 - 0.931) and combined oral temozolomide (OR = 0.131, 95%CI: 0.044 - 0.390) were favorable clinical prognostic factors. PTEN (OR = 0.201, 95%CI: 0.074 - 0.549) and IDH1 (OR = 0.151, 95%CI: 0.050 - 0.454) expression, IDH1 mutation (OR = 0.276, 95%CI: 0.108 - 0.709) in tumor cells contributed to a favorable prognosis.

CONCLUSIONSThere is probably no single molecular marker that is responsible for long-term survival of patients with glioblastoma, may be a balance between all these molecular events result in a favorable outcome.

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Glioblastoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Survivors