Body fat of 12 male adults were measured by water displacement me-thod(density method) at every morning for 5 successive days. The standard deviation of single observation was 0.29kg calculated by mean residual lung volume method. It was significantly lower than the value (0.5kg) calculated by the ordinary method (p

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Memantine ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Activating Factor ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To analyze the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)on endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated HepG2 cells apoptosis and evaluate the role of NAC in the treatment of liver injury.Methods HepG2 cells were treated with thapsigargin(TG)to establish the model of oxidative endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis,and NAC was used to intervene in apoptosis.To evaluate the apoptosis,various methods such as MTT assay,flow cytometry,DNA ladder and Western blot were performed.Results After treated with 2 μmol/L TG for 0,24,36 and 48 hours,the vitality of HepG2 cells decreased.The ratio of apoptotic cells increased along with the prolonged treatment duration of TG(0.7%±0.5%,27.6%±6.3%,29.7%±3.3%,47.9%±3.5% respectively,P<0.05),and the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)also increased in time-dependent manner(14.0%±0.5%,36.1%±3.0%,38.2%±6.0%,48.3%±12.4%,P<0.05).The HepG2 cells showed typical morphologic change of endoplasmic retieulum stress induced by 2 μmol/L TG after 36 h and 48 h.DNA ladder was observed at the same concentration and time point correspondingly.Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated-apoptosis was confirmed by Western blot.Both 10 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L NAC could protect ceils from apoptosis.The ratio of apoptotic cells decreased to 14.0%±1.3% and 11.0%±0.3%,respectively.The production of ROS decreased to 34.7%±0.8% and 31.5%±2.9%,respectively.The effect was related to the concentration of NAC.Conclusions As a Ca2+-adenosine triphoshatase inhibitor,TG may disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis,which can induce endoplasmie reticulum stress and apoptosis.NAC,the precursor of the synthesis of-SH,can directly inhibit the ROS reaction and alleviate liver damage,which may play a role in the treatment of liver failure.

Objective To observe the effect of ciclosporin(CsA) treatment on children with refractory nephrotic syndrome(NS).Met-hods Combination treatment of CsA[3-5 mg/(kg?d)] and prednisone were given 55 cases with refractory NS,in which including steroid-dependent NS(SDNS) 3 cases,steroid-resistant NS(SRNS) 22 cases,frequent-relapses NS(FRNS) 30 cases.Concentration of CsA was maintained 100-200 ng/L.Course of treatment was 10 months,the dose was tapered gradually in 4 months.Scr,BUN,Alb,ALT,Ccr,Chol,24 hours urine protein quantitation was measured before and after CsA treatment.Side effect of CsA was observed at the same time.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Forty-one cases(74.5%) were complete remission,6 cases(10.9%) were partial remission,total effective rate was 85.5%.Remission rate was 97.6% in simple type NS,50.0% in nephritis type NS,100% in SDNS and FRNS groups,63.6% in SRNS group.In group minimal change disease(MCD),the remission rate was 100.0%,while 60.0% in group mesangial prolife-rative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN),and 42.9% in group focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS).Fifteen cases(31.9%) relapsed when the dose of CsA was tapering.The adverse effects included hairiness(55 cases),gum hypertrophy(16 cases),hypertension(9 cases),gastroi-ntestinal tract reaction(8 cases),but no obvious nephric adverse effects were observed during the treatment process.Conclusion CsA is safe and effective on refractory NS children,especially to those with SDNS,FRNS and MCD.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the efficacy and safety of simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery (SBES) for bilateral upper urinary tract calculi, and to summarize the initial experience. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with bilateral upper urinary tract calculi who underwent SBES in the Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled retrospectively. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded, and the operation status, stone free rate (SFR) and peri-operative complications were analyzed. The primary end point was SFR, and second end point was peri-operative complications. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients underwent SBES, of which SBES was completed in 19 patients (12 males, and 7 females). The mean age was (41.3±12.0) years. Fourteen patients underwent modified supine position surgery and 4 patients in prone split-leg position. There was no statistical difference in the demographic and baseline clinical data of the patients in different positions. One patient underwent right percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and left endoscopic combined intra-renal surgery (ECIRS) in the prone split-leg position, while 18 patients received simul-taneous surgery with PCNL and contralateral retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS). The mean anesthesia and operation time was (128.7±26.5) min and (70.7±20.3) min, respectively, which was significantly longer in the patients with prone split-leg position than in the patients with modified supine position, anesthesia time in the patients with prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (148.4±20.4) min vs. (121.6±25.3) min, respectively, t=－2.121, P=0.049, while the operation time in the patients with prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (86.4±21.1) min vs. (65.1±17.4) min, respectively, t=－2.222, P=0.040. There was no significant difference between the two groups in indwelling of nephrostomy [prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (2.6±0.9) d vs. (2.1±1.0) d, respectively; t=－0.880, P=0.391] and the length of hospital stay [prone split-leg position and modified supine position: (6.0±2.7) d vs. (5.2±1.8) d, respectively; t=－0.731, P=0.475]. One month after the operation, the SFR was 78.9%, and 3 patients had minor peri-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo grades Ⅰ/Ⅱ) without any serious complications (Clavien-Dindo grades Ⅲ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ). CONCLUSION The simultaneous bilateral endoscopic surgery would decrease the operation time and anesthesia exposure under the premise of ensuring the SFR, which is helpful to reduce the risk of peri-operative complications, especially to the patients who can not tolerate the second-stage or long-time operation.
Adult ; Calcinosis/surgery* ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urologic Diseases/surgery*

OBJECTIVETo study the method for measuring familial correlations of quantitative trait and analyzing family data set of body height.

METHODSGeneralized estimating equation 2 (GEE2) was employed to estimating both regression coefficients and the familial correlation. Analyses was carried out on software MAREG. A example from height pedigrees illustrated the method.

RESULTSGEE2 provided robust estimations of regression coefficients and familial correlations simultaneously. In body height the correlations between parents and offspring (r = 0.459) and between siblings (r = 0.671) were significantly higher than those between two parents (r = 0.184) after adjusting gender, residence and birth age. Of the same types of relative pairs, the correlation between pairs with individuals of the same gender (eg. father-son r = 0.603, mother-daughter r = 0.456, male sibling r = 0.947, female sibling r = 0.681) was higher than those individuals of different gender (eg father-daughter r = 0.431, mother-son r = 0.364, sibling with different gender r = 0.530).

CONCLUSIONGEE2 should be considered a standard method for the investigation of familial aggregation due to its flexibility and robustness.

Adult ; Body Height ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Nuclear Family ; Pedigree ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors

To establish an EDTA complexation extraction pretreatment combining with GFAAS method for the determination of residual aluminium ion in Huoxiang zhengqi pellets without digestive treatment, systematical investigation was made on sample preparation, and EDTA was used for the complexation extraction of residual aluminium ion in samples. The pH, concentration and volume of extraction solution, the temperature and time of microwave extraction, and graphite furnace temperature program were investigated. The results were compared with the microwave digestion. It was showed that, 0.1 g of sample weight was added in 20 mL 0.05 mol x L(-1) EDTA solution (pH 3.5), followed by heating at 150 degrees C for 10 min in the microwave extraction device. The determination of GFAAS was performed at optimized detection wavelength (257.4 nm) as well as graphite furnace temperature program, the detection limits and quantification limits were 2.37 μg x L(-1) and 7.89 μg x L(-1), respectively. The precision (RSD) was less than 2.3%. The average recovery was 96.9% -101%. The present method is easy, rapid and accurate for the determination of residual aluminium ion in Huoxiang zhengqi pellets.
Aluminum ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Edetic Acid ; chemistry ; Graphite ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Temperature

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of calcitonin(CT) in glutamate release from primary cultured neurons of midbrain periaqueductal gray matter(PAG).Methods Primary dissociated culture of PAG neurons was prepared from neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.The cultured cells were divided into 4 groups:control group,salmon calcitonin (sCT) group,CT antagonist group (sCT8-32),and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine(Che) group.Each group was further divided into subgroups representing low,middle,and high levels of drugs.Glutamate release from the cultured PAG neurons evoked by sCT and/or other interfering factors was detected by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay.Results (1) Compared with the control group,sCT group yielded a time-dependent and concentration-dependent glutamate release from the cultured PAG neurons,and the most effective concentration of sCT was 20 nmol/L(P＜0.01).(2) sCT8-32,a selective antagonist of CT receptor,significantly reversed the effect of 20 nmol/L sCT on glutamate release from cultured PAG neurons,and the most effective concentration was 100nmol/L sCT8-32 (P＜0.01).(3) Incubation of the cultured neurons with Che inhibited the glutamate release from cultured PAG neurons evoked by 20 nmol/L sCT,and 100 μmol/L Che was most effective(P＜0.01).Conclusion CT receptors participates in the glutamate release from PAG neurons in which intracellular protein kinase C signaling pathway is involved.

Objective: To explore the acute effect of air pollution on mortality for patients with cardio cerebral vascular disease and to provide the basis for disease prevention and control.
Methods: The Mortality for patients with cardio cerebral vascular disease from 2001-01 to 2009-12 was from Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the meteorological and air pollution data were from Tianjin meteorological bureau and Tianjin environmental monitoring station respectively. The Single and multiple generalized additive model (GAM) extended poisson regression analysis was performed to calculate the relationship between air pollution and cardio-cerebral vascular disease mortality by controlling the time trends, weather, the day of week and air population.
Results: Results: Single GAM analysis indicated that when the effect of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in the air reached the maximum in the day, the RR values for the mortality in patients with cardio-cerebral vascular disease increased 1.13%[95%CI (0.76-1.51)%], 0.78% [95%CI ( 0.41-1.15)%] and 0.61% [95%CI ( 0.51-0.71)%] respectively; when the average concentration of SO2, NO2 and PM10 increasing 10μg/m3 per day, after 0-5 days, the RR values for the mortality elevated 0.70% [95%CI (0.47-0.94)%], 0.51% [95%CI (0.27-0.74)%] and 0.16% [95%CI (0.06-0.27)%] respectively. Multiple GAM analysis presented that when SO2, NO2 and PM10 increasing 10 μg/m3 per day, the RR values for the mortality elevated 0.77% [95%CI (0.58-0.97)%], 0.41% [95%CI (0.05-0.78) %] and 0.38% [95%CI (0.12-0.64%)%] respectively.
Conclusion: The air pollution could increase the mortality risk in patients with cardio-cerebral vascular disease, it is necessary to establish the prevention system in order to decrease the mortality risk in those patients.

Objective To explore the urban population hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease relationship by epidemiological studies.Methods 800 health examiners were randomly investigation.To determine these blood pressure,height,weight;to determine these urinary albumin and creatinine in urine,serum creatinine,serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.To calculate glomerular filtration rate and urinary albu- min and creatinine ratio according to serum creatinine.Diagnastic criteria of CKD was eGFR30mg/g and lasted three months or more.Results 238 patients with high blood lipids was found,the overall prevalence rate was 29.75 %,patients with high blood lipids compared with the normal popula- tion.the incidence of renal injury rates were respectively 15.13 % and 9.07 %.Kidney damage rates were respective- ly 19.69% and 9.91% in the hypercholesterolemia with and without obese patients.Conclusion Hyperlipidemia has become particularly important etiology of CKD.