Objective To investigate whether the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) can act as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to promote the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.Methods Transient transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against MALAT1 was used to knockdown MALAT1 in HepG2 cells.Transwell assays were employed to assess the migration capabilities of HepG2 cells upon MALAT1 knockdown.RNA pull-down assays were performed to validate the direct binding between MALAT1 and miR-126*.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting assays were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of the miR-126* target genes.The dysregulation and prognostic significance of MALAT1 and miR-126* were analyzed in the public dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Results Compared with the control group, MALAT1 knockdown significantly inhibited the migration of HCC cells.MALAT1, with three miR-126* response elements, directly sponged miR-126* in a sequence-specific manner.The mRNA and protein levels of CXCL12, which was the miR-126* target gene, were significantly down-regulated upon MALAT1 knockdown.The TCGA database showed that MALAT1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC and high expression levels of MALAT1 were significantly associated with poor disease-free survival, whereas an opposite pattern of miR-126* was observed.Conclusion This study suggests that MALAT1 directly sponges miR-126* and upregulates the expression of CXCL12, which in turn promotes the migration of HCC cells.

Objective To explore the clinical effects of enema combined with massage therapy on jaundice in premature infants.Methods Seventy-five premature infants with jaundice were randomly divided into 3 groups,enema combined message therapy group(group A),abdominal massage therapy group(group B),and double-side phototherapy group(group C).All 3 groups were received the same formula fee-ding,intravenous nutrition and identical drug treatment.Group A was given enema with mixed kaiselu and normal saline together with 60 times clockwise abdominal massage once a day for 2 weeks.Group B only received abdominal massage twice per day for 2 weeks.Transcutaneous bilirubin(TB) indexes of all the premature infants in the 3 groups were detected and transformed into total TB concentrations every morning,through version of MINOLTA JM-102 transcutaneous bilirubin radiometer made in Japan.When TB index counted more than 196.58 ?mol/L,group A and B were given single-side phototherapy for 24 hours.Neither enema nor abdominal massage was given to group C,and double-side phototherapy was applied when TB indexes were above 196.58 ?mol/L.Daily TB indexes,duration of jaundice and phototherapy,time of meconium exhaustion,defecation times in each day,incidence of constipation and feeding intolerance were recorded.Results Duration of jaunhospitalized and phototherapy were significantly shortened in group A compared with those of the other groups.In 34 premature infants who were hospital for at least 2 weeks,TB indexes in group C were lower than those in group B on the 9th day.On the 12th day and the 14th day,TB indexes in group A and C were lower than those in group B(Pa

Because of the changed metabolic behaviors of cancer cells, tumor cells uptake a corresponding larger amount of glucose in physiological condition when compared with normal cells. And they were prone to metabolize glucose for generating energy in anaerobic glycolysis ways in order to grow quickly. Anaerobic glycolysis consumes more glucose than aerobic way when the same amount of energy is obtained, which also results in large demand of glucose in tumor cells. This review briefly describes therapy methods related to characteristic mentioned above, and summarizes the research progress of drugs, diagnostic reagents and carriers conjugated with glucose, glucose derivatives or other kinds of sugars for cancer targeting. Furthermore, typically relative research reports from 2012 till now were listed and analyzed.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Carriers ; Energy Metabolism ; Glucose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Glycoconjugates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Glycolysis ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Nitroimidazoles ; chemistry ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; chemistry

Objective To characterize the dimerization and the antigenicity of the ORF2 polypep-tide of hepatitis E virus (HEV, genotype 4). Methods HEV ORF2 gene was cloned from the serum of a patient with hepatitis E. The genotype was determined by sequencing. Three ORF2 polypeptides differing in size and other polypeptides with point mutations were produced in E. coli. The recombinant polypeptides were purified and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results The ORF2 polypeptide containing 459-607 amino acid formed homedimer even in 8 mol/L urea. The truncated polypeptides containing amino acid 472-607 or 459-594 formed monomer only. The mutations at amino acid 562 or 595 disrupted the ho-modimer, whereas the mutations at amino acid 476 or 580 did not. Anti-HEV from hepatitis E patients only reacted with the homodimer form of the polypeptide 459-607 and did not react with monomer or tnmcated pol-ypeptides. Conclusion The amino acid 459-607 of HEV ORF2 is essential for dimerization of the ORF2 polypeptide. Residues at amino acid 562 and 595 are critical for the dimerization. The antigenicity of the polypeptide 459-607 mainly depends on its homodimer form.

Objective To estimate the feasibility of QOL score in functional assessment of or-thotopic neobladder after radical cystectomy. Methods Questionnaire survey,QOL score sheet and urodynamic examination were done in 22 patients with orthotopic neobladder.Investigations were fo-CUS on the micturition interval during daytime and nighttime.Micturition time,degree of incontinence and their relationship with QOI.scores and urodynamic parameters wete also analyzed. ResuIts There were 3,6,7,1,2,3 and 0 cases which QOI.score were 0 to 6 accordingly.In the dav time,2 patients complained a light incontinence while 1 patient of moderate incontinence.In the nighttime.3 patients had the complaint of moderate incontinence while 4 patients of light incontinence.The average daytime mlcturltlon interval was 136 min(45-210 rain).The average maximum urinary flow rate,maximal urethral closure pressure and postvoid residual were 12.9 ml/s(2.7-22.1 ml/s),69.3 cm H2O(33-114 em H20)and 91.8 ml(5-300 m1)respectively.QOL scores had D.sitive correlation with the degree of incontinence during daytime and nighttime(daytime:r-0.510,P=0.015,night time:r=0.911,P<0.001).The QOL scores had negative correlation with daytime micturition inter-val(r=-0.749,P<0.001).The factors which influenced the QOL scores included the maximaI ure-thral closure pressure,postvoid residual and the maximum urinary flow rate. Conclusions QOL score reflects the patients"continent ability,subjective feelings on quality of life.It is correlated with the common urodynamic parameters.QOI.score might be used as a new index to estimate the function of orthotopic neobladder.

Objective To investigate the techniques of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection(LRPLND)through extraperitoneal approach. Methods Seven non-seminomatous germ cell testicular tumor(NSGCT)patients of clinical stage Ⅰ underwent LRPLND through extraperitoneal approach.The average age was 31(27-39 years old),the average weight was 62 kg(weight 58-72 kg).Pathological examination revealed 2 testis mixed carcinoma(major of embryonal carclnoma and seminoma),2 yolk sac tumor,1 ehoriocarcinoma,2 teratoma with seminoma.Two of them were in right side,and 5 in left.All the chest X-ray,abdominal CT and bone scanning of them were normal before operation.All patients were general anesthetized.Three or 4 trocars were placed,from 2 of them two gasbags were used to expand the retroperitoneal space at volume of 800-900 ml.The retroperitoneal fat was cleared off from the surface of Gerota's fascia to iliac fossa and the plane spance betwwwn anterior rena fascia and posterior peritoneum was separated In the same way the Plane between dorsal renal and the surface of psoas major and quadratus lumborum unto iliae lossa was exposed.Abdominal aorta or vena cava was exposed,then divided and dissected free from surfaee of psoas maior.The conflux of renal vein and testicular vein at the deep face of renal artere(left)was exposed,then testicular vein was ligated and divided it at its end.Fat and lymph tissue between ureter and vessels was dissected to the crotch of abdominal aorta or inferior vena cava.The primary inguinal incision of testectomy was then excided.Normal antegrade ejaculation recovered in 1 month postoperatively. Results The initial 2 operations were converted to open way as the peritoneum were penetrated largely.The other 5 operations were successful.The average operating time was 285 min(245-350 min),intraoperative blood loss was 100-250 ml.Four patients'pathologic results accorded with clinical staging,and 2 positive lymph nodes were found in the other one.The average number of lymph node resected was 25.6 counts(22-31).Follow-up for 3-20 months,chest X-ray and abdominal CT revealed no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis,and serum tumor markers were in normal range.Normal antegrade ejaculation recovered in 1 month postoperatively. Conclusions The technique through extraperitoneal approach could be applied for LRPLND.It might be an approach for diagnosis and treatment of stage Ⅰ NSGCT.

Objective To explore if it is essential to excise ipsilateral adrenal gland in radical nephrectomy.Methods Two hundred and sixty-three patients underwent radical nephrectomy were analyzed retrospectively.The duration of operation,bleeding volumn,complications and survival rates were compared between the adrenalectomy and adrenal preserved groups.The clinical data of the patients with adrenal gland involvement were analyzed as well.Results There were 214 clinical localized(T_(1-2)N_0M_0 )renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients,26 local advanced RCC(T_(3-4)N_(0-2)M_0 ) patients and 23 metastatic RCC(T_(1-4)N_(0-2)M_1) patients in this study.In the 263 patients,146 cases received ipsilateral adrenal gland excisions,while 117 cases had the ipsilateral adrenal glands preserved.The duration of operation,estimated blood loss and the complications did not differ significantly between these two groups.Only 8 patients had adrenal gland involvement.The mean size of the 8 tumors was 9.7 cm and 5 of them had a diameter ≥8 cm.In the 8 patients,6 had the tumor in the upper pole and 2 had the whole kidney involved.One hundred and twenty-nine clinical stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients had ipsilateral adrenal excised,while only 4 (3.1%) had adrenal gland involvement.Seventeen clinical stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients had ipsilateral adrenal excised,and 4 (23.5%) had adrenal gland involvements.The clinical stages of these 8 patients were stage Ⅲand Ⅳ.The patients were followed up for 28 months (3-102 months).There was no significant difference of 5-year survival rates between the ipsilateral adrenal gland excised and preserved patients categorized according to pathological stage.Conclusion For patients with renal cancer larger than or equal to 8 cm,localized in upper pole of kidney or with the whole kidney involve and with a clinical stage higher or equal to Ⅲ,it is essential to excise ipsilateral adrenal gland in radical nephrectomy,otherwise the ipsilateral adrenal can be preserved.

Background and purpose: The clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment strategy for the patients with testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma still need to be further studied. This study was done to evaluate the diagnosis and strategy for the disease by retrospective analysis of 21 patients with testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Methods: 21 patients with pathologically proved as diffuse large B cell lymphoma after surgery in the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and The Guangzhou General Hospital of PLA from September 2002 to April 2009 were accrued. There were 3 in stage Ⅰ_E , 4 in stage Ⅱ_E , 5 in stage Ⅲ_E and 9 in stage Ⅳ according to Ann Arbor stage standard. All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with CHOP regimen initially after operation. Radiotherapy or other salvage chemotherapy regimen was given after failure of the initial treatment. The follow-up information was collected for to all of the patients. Results: Follow-up time ranged from 10 to 83 months. After completion of first-line chemotherapy(CHOP), overall response rate was 72.2%(13/18)with complete remission (CR) rate of 33.3%(6/18)and partial response rate(PR) of 38.9%(7/18). 3 patients in stage Ⅰ_E survived free from disease until now. Tumor relapsed and refractory eases were observed in 10 patients, and they all showed little response to chemotherapy with a response rate of 30.0%(3/10). Among the 21 patients, 11(52.3%) cases died of the disease with a median survival time of 28 months. Of these 21 patients, 7 patients were CD10(+), 5 patients overexpressed bel-6, 12 patients were bcl-2(+), and 15 patients overexpressed MUM1.Overexpressed bcl-2 and MUM1 indicated bad prognosis. Conclusion: Most of the testieular diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients were non-GCB. And they were sensitive to CHOP chemotherapy. The results suggested that all patients should receive chemotherapy after surgery. It was curable in the early stage. However,the options of treatment method for the patients with relapsed and refractory cases are limited and need to be further explored.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the neuro-immune regulatory mechanism of Heart Benefiting recipe (HBR), an effective recipe for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODSUsing immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods, the neuro-immunological pathological changes in the AD rat model induced by beta-amyloid protein (A beta1-40) via lateral cerebral ventricle injection, including mainly the glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6mRNA and beta-amyloid protein precursor (APPmRNA) gene expression were studied. And the effects of HBR on these parameters were observed.

RESULTSDeposition of A beta in cerebral tissue could induce activation of stellate glial cells and abnormal increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-6mRNA), also the elevation of APPmRNA level. HBR could effectively control the above-mentioned pathological changes.

CONCLUSIONHBR could effectively control the inflammation and the A beta immune cascade reaction in brain of AD patients, it is one of the important therapeutic mechanisms of the recipe.

Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats

Objective To exclude false positivities in detection of IgM antibodies against hepatitis E vires of genotype 4 (HEV-4) using a truncated immunodominant polypeptide of HEV open reading frames (ORF2). Methods The recombinant ORF2 immunodominant polypeptide corresponding to amino acids (AA) 459-607 and a truncated polypeptide corresponding to AA 472-607 were separately applied to coat ELISA plates. Anti-HEV IgM from 35 serum samples with HEV RNA positive, 69 serum samples from healthy individuals and 117 clinically suspicious HEV RNA positive serum samples was detected by an indirect ELISA and was confirmed by western blot in protein level and RT-PCR detecting in RNA level. Results Western blot analysis showed that the sera from HEV patients reacted with the dimmer of peptide 459-607, but they didn't react with the monomer and peptide 472-607. The ELISA showed that all 35 serum HEV RNA positive samples reacted with peptide 459-607 but not with peptide 472-607 and none of the 69 serum samples from healthy individuals reacted with either polypeptide. Among 117 chnically suspicious HEV RNA serum samples, 5 samples reacted simultaneously with both polypeptides. But the difference between 450 nm absorbance (A450) value was less than 0. 5. Western blot analysis demonstrated that all the 5 serum samples were anti-HEV IgM- negative. The 5 serum samples was detected negative by RT-PCR, indicating that the false pesitivities were caused by non-specific absorption. Conclusions ORF2 peptide 459-607 may be used to detect anti-HEV lgM efficiently. The false positivities caused by non-specific absorption can be largely excluded according to the difference between 45Ohm absorbance (A450) value when serum reacts with both polypeptides.