Lower leg lengthening has a history of more than 100 years. However, serious complications occurred in the early stage due to the immature device and technical conditions. The emergence of Ilizarov technology making limb lengthening is a kind of controlled operation. Based on the "Ilizarov effect", the results of limb regeneration and lengthening were obtained by slow, stable and continuous distraction of living tissues. The regeneration of bone and soft tissue is like limb development in children. Currently, the traditional Ilizarov external fixation is still the dominated method for leg lengthening. The Chinese Ilizarov external fixator and the lower leg Achilles tendon elastic lengthening external fixator are the representatives of domestic application. Other limb lengthening methods, including computer hexapod assisted orthopedic surgery (CHAOS), lengthening over nail (LON), lengthening and then nailing (LATN) and intramedullary nail lengthening system, have not been developed in China. Percutaneous transverse osteotomy at 5-6 cm below the tibial plateau is a common osteotomy method in China. This method can maximize the retention of periosteum and intramedullary blood circulation. Limb lengthening more than 4 cm is recommended by leg Achilles tendon elastic synchronous lengthening fixator with calcaneal wire fixation. Following the principle of tension-stress, the lengthening is carried out slowly. Further, the lengthening device is removed step by step according to the principle of dynamic adjustment of fixed stiffness.

Objective To investigate pulmonary capillary changes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Meth-otis Fifty-eight patients with diabetes mellitus were enrolled and forty-seven healthy subjects were taken as control. Diffusion capacity of carbonmonoxide (DLCO) and pulmonary ventilatory function were measured. DM and Vc were measured in twenty-one patients and twelve healthy subjects among them. Results FEV1/FVC was (81.02± 6.40) % in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 81.20±6.96 ) % in controls, and FEV 1% was ( 102.03±14.40) in patients with diabetes mellitus and 103.94±11.42 in controls ,with no significant difference between patients with DLCO% was ( 72.79±19.85 ) % in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 90.60±13.25 ) % in controls with a sig-patients whose course of disease was less than ten years,and DLCO% was (64.69±17.49)% in patients with dia-betes mellitus whose course of disease is equal or more than ten years and (80.90±18.98)% in patients whose course of disease is less than ten years,with significant difference between these two groups (t = 4.435, -3. 381, 13.88)% in patients with diabetes mellitas and (83.58±26.79)% in controls with a significant difference (t = 4. 612, P < 0.001 ). Vc was ( 61.40±52.84 ) ml in patients with diabetes mellitus and ( 66.99±19.63 ) ml in con-trols with no significant difference (P > 0.05 ), and Vc% was (78.05±64. 40)% in patients with diabetes mellitus and (79.33±23.32) % in controls, with no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusions Diffusing capacity is decreased in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is related to the course of disease . DM decline is the main cause of DLCO decrease in patients with diabetes mellitus.

AIM: To investigate the effect of 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5, 8a-diphenyl-1,2, 3, 7, 8, 8a-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine (TIP-6) on cell proliferation in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and human normal hepatocyte cell line L02. METHODS: Typan blue assay was used to check the effect of TIP-6 on cell proliferation. The changes of cell morphology were observed by the phase contrast microscope. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to check cell cycle. Autophagy and autophagic cell death were detected after acridine orange (AO) staining under fluorescent microscopy. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/7-AAD, DAPI staining and DNA ladder. NF-κB expression was detected with cellular immunochemistry. RESULTS: Cell proliferation inhibiting effect was appeared when treated with TIP6 from 60 μmol/L to 200 μmol/L, which was correlated with treated concentrations and time. The proliferation rates were just 12.10% and 18.75% (vs control) under 200 μmol/L 72 h in HepG2 and L02 respectively. Vacuolization were found more and more frequently with the increasing of TIP-6 concentrations and treated time prolonged. FCM results indicated that cells were blocked in G2/M phase, and more sensitive were found in HepG2 than L02. AO staining results indicated that the phenomenon of autophagy and autophagic cell death were occurred and appeared more potent with more TIP-6 and longer time treated. No apoptosis markers were found with Annexin V/7-AAD and DAPI staining, and no DNA ladders were found either, these indicated that TIP6 didnt induce apoptosis in these cells. NF-κB was found increased after treated with TIP-6, and the autophagic vacuole became more and more with the increasing of NF-κB protein, but the proliferation rates decreased at the same time. CONCLUSION: TIP-6 inhibited cell proliferation and induced autophagy and autophagic cell death in HepG2 and L02 cells. NF-κB activation may be involved in these effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and the prospect of Infliximab in treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) patients.Methods Clinical features,inflammatory markers and coronary changes were observed in 2 cases of IVIG-resistant KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital,who were treated effectively by Infliximab.Relevant researches on the mechanism and progress of the Infliximab treatment for IVIG-resistant KD in the last 10 years were reviewed at the same time.Results Two KD patients hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital had been treated with 2 g/kg IVIG for 2 times and followed by methylprednisolone treatment.However,fever and other clinical manifestations occurred again after 2 days and 6 days when temperature returned normal.They both defervesced and all the symptoms were improved after 1 dose of Infliximab (5 mg/kg) by laboratory examinations.Four published literatures of the basic research and 9 retrospective or prospective clinical researches of Infliximab treatment of KD showed that Infliximab alleviated the inflammatory level in the KD patients significantly.Complete remission was up to 72.73％-92.11％.Those KD patients defervesced within 12 h,with dramatic improvement of symptoms and signs.Arthralgia also disappeared in the patients with arthritis.Only 1 case was complicated with hepatitis in the acute phase and cholecystitis in recovery time.A phase 3 randomised,double-blinded,placebo-controlled trial had been done to assess the addition of Infliximab to the standard therapy.Conclusions Infliximab is a feasible choice for IVIG-resistant KD patients.Efficacy and safety of Infliximab for KD treatment have been proved in the literature.However,Infliximab for KD treatment has not been indicated in the drug instruction,so the informed consent from the guardians and Ethics Committee is needed.

Objective To describe the adequate feeding of early enteral nutrition in critical patients with cancer, and explore its influencing factors. Methods A retrospective analysis study was performed and 161 patients were involved. Results Nearly 57.14%patients got adequate feeding. The independent risk factors included complications (P < 0.05,OR=2.312,OR 95%CI 1.078-4.958), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) scores (P < 0.05,OR=1.111,OR 95%CI 1.017-1.214) and hypoalbuminemia (P<0.05,OR=2.252,OR 95%CI 1.036-4.892) , and the protective factor was previous enteral nutrition experience (P<0.01,OR=0.123,OR 95%CI 0.021-0.494). Patients who got adequate feeding showed more increase in albumin levels, more decrease in APACHEⅡscores and shorter ICU stays. Conclusions Part of patients got inadequate feeding, due to comprehensive effects of many factors. And adequate feeding may be beneficial to the increase of albumin levels, also helps patients rehabilitate early and shorten the ICU stays.

Objective To compare the biological characteristics of several different anxiety rat models established by different methods of stress at different time points and provide experimental basis for the most appropriate modeling methods .Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into normal , empty bottle stress , chronic emotional stress ( CES ) group, restraint stress for 3h, 6h, and modeling respectively .In the experimental 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, elevated plus maze and fear condition system was used to test anxiety-like behavior in rats , open field test to study anxiety or depression-like behavior , forced swimming test was used to detect depression-like behavior in rats , and using the Elisa test kit to detect the contents of 5-HT, DA in the hippocampus in rats .Results Anxiety-like behavioral test results showed that rats in empty bottle stress, CES, 6 h restraint stress group started to have anxiety-like behavior since 14 d, then anxiety-like behavior was becoming increasingly apparent .Forced swimming test results showed that immobility time in 6 h restraint rats was significantly increased in the first 7 d(P <0.05).Meanwhile, compared with control group, hippocampal 5-HT, DA contents in empty bottle stress and CES rats increased significantly since 14 d.Conclusions Among several stress methods established anxiety model , anxiety-like behavior in 3 h restraint stress was not obvious; 6 h restraint stress exhibited a depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test might be due to prolonged stress .Empty bottle stress and CES can successfully establish the anxiety rat model , and the anxiety behavior of the rats have some differences . Corresponding model methods can be selected according to different experimental purposes .

Objective To verify a new revised method with low usage amount of arsenic trioxide for determining urinary iodine by As(Ⅲ)-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium persulfate digestion.Methods The standard curve linearity,sample detection limit,precision and accuracy of determining urinary iodine of this modified method were verified according to Determination Methods of Chemicals in Biological Materials.Results The linear correlative coefficients of the 0-300 μg/L range and 300-1200 μg/L range calibration curve were-0.9998--1.0000(n =6) and-0.9998--1.0000,respectively.The detection limit for iodine was 1.3 μg/L.The relative standard deviations were 1.5％ (1.1/71.3)-2.5％ (6.2/244.9) when measuring 3 urine samples with iodine concentration of 71.3-244.9 μg/L,and 0.6％(2.4/388.5)-1.7％(17.3/1018.0) when measuring 3 urine samples with iodine concentration of 388.5-1018.0 μg/L,respectively(n =6).The test results of the four urinary iodine national standard materials with iodine concentration of 73.0,206.0,556.0 and 883.0 μg,/L were all within the given value range and the average value relative deviation was 1.8％ (1.3/73.0),0.4％ (0.8/206.0),0.2％ (1.0/556.0) and-1.6％(-13.7/883.0),respectively (n =6).The average recovery was 98.8％ with a range of 93.2％ (186.3/200.0)-103.4％(51.7/50.0) when measuring 3 urine samples with iodine concentration of 64.6-144.9 μg/L and 3 urine samples with iodine concentration of 346.8-574.4 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions This new modified method greatly reduces the amount of waste containing arsenic,and can directly take urine samples with high iodine concentration to digest and determine without dilution.It is performed with good standard linear curve,better precision and high accuracy,and in line with the analysis of biological samples requirements.

Objective To study the content of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex in anxious depression rats, and explore the possible pathogenesis.Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, vehicle group, anxiety group, depression group, and anxious depression group, 12 rats in each group.Chronic restraint stress combined with corticosterone injection was used to establish anxiety and depression model, the modeling time was 21 d.After modeling, elevated plus maze test, open field test, and forced swimming test were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression-like behavior, HPLC-ECD was used to detect the content of 5-HT, NE, and DA in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex of rats.Western-blotting was used to detect the expression of BDNF and NT-3 in rats.Results Rats in anxious depression model group were comparable to the anxiety group in time and frequency entering open arm time, and number of locomotor activity in open field, and it had a significant difference when compared with the control and depression groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Immobile time in anxious depression model rats was increased significantly when compared with the control and anxiety groups (P<0.01).Meanwhile, compared with the control group, 5-HT in hippocampus and 5-HT, NE in amygdala or prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased in the depressive rats with anxiety (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Moreover, the content of BDNF and NT-3 was significantly decreased in each brain regions compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and BDNF levels were obviously decreased compared with the anxiety group (P<0.05).Conclusions Rats of anxious depression have significant anxiety and depression-like behaviors.Its mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors BDNF and NT-3 in hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex region.

Objective To investigate the reasons of tracheobronchial tuberculosis misdiagnosis and its clinical charac?teristics as well as the diagnostic value of bronchoscope. Methods Clinical data of 92 cases of misdiagnosis of tracheobron?chial tuberculosis by electronic bronchoscopy in our department from January 2006 to January 2012 were analyzed retrospec?tively. Bronchoscopy, endoscopic biopsy, brushing, lavage and radiological images were all compared. Results Clinical symptoms and laboratory tests showed no specificity in diagnostic value;Chest X-ray was not typical. Bronchial stenosis was seen in 45 cases(48.9%)and bronchial obstruction was seen in 6 cases(6.5%)as shown in chest CT while no abnormality in the bronchus was seen in 41 cases(44.6%). Bronchoscopy revealed 28 cases (30.4%) of inflammatory infiltration, 14 cas?es (15.2%) of necrotizing ulceration, 35 cases (38.0%) of granulation hyperplasia and 15 cases (16.3%) of Scar stricture. En?doscopic biopsy confirmed 56 cases (60.9%), while bronchoscopic brushing and examination of acid-fast bacillus approved 32 cases (34.8%). Then, bronchoscopic lavage of acid-fast bacillus verified 39 cases (42.4%). Lastly, tuberculosis bacterium culture ascertained 75 cases (81.5%). Conclusion Bronchoscopy of local lesion with brush, lavage and biopsy is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic method to diagnose tracheobronchial tuberculosis. It has great clinical value in preventing tracheobronchial tuberculosis misdiagnosis.

Objective To examine the expression of Toll-like receptor(TLR)4 protein and the transcription of TLR4 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)from patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and explore the relationship between TLR4 and chronic HBV infec- tion.Methods The expression level and transcription level of TLR4 were determined by flow cytometre and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction respectively in PBMC from 37 chronic hepatitis patients,28 liver cirrhosis patients,31 severe hepatitis patients and 27 healthy controls. Meanwhile,liver function,as well as blood routine test,prothrombin test activity(PTA)and HBV DNA was measured.Results The expression level and transcription level of TLR4 in patients were higher than those in healthy controls(P