Objective To understand the quality of life of elders in the community of Shangqiu and analyze the affecting factors to provide a scientific evidence which could improve their quality of life.Methods The general questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Evaluation From were used among 116 elders in two communities of Shangqiu.Results The quality of life of elders was in low level.The mainly factors that influencing the quality of life of elders in the community of Zhengzhou were age,education status,economic income,hobbies and interest,family relation,physical exercise.Conclusions The factors that influence the elders in community are various.To improve quality of life of elders,community workers should take relevant measures and encourage family members to participate in caring elders.

Objective To investigate the potential factors affecting the survival rate of extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI) and to make out a practical strategy. Methods Fourty-four ELBWI were devided to 3 groups according to their birth weight. All the clinical data were reviewed. Results The survival rate on discharge was 52% (22/42) and the mortality rate was 45%(19/42). The survival rate was significantly increased with higher birth weight( P

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the mycelium of a marine microorganism Nigrospora sphaerica. METHODS: Compounds were extracted and isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC techniques and identified by spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3β-ol(1), cholesterol(2), pyrrolopiperazine-2, 5-dione [cyclo-(Pro-Gly)](3), 3-methylpyrrolopiperazine-2, 5-di-one [cyclo-(Pro-Ala)](4), 3-benzylpyrrolopyrazine-2, 5-dione [cyclo-(Pro-Phe)](5), 3-benzyl-piper-azine-2, 5-dione [cyclo-(Gly-Phe)](6), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde(7), leucine(8), 3, 6-dimethylpiperazine-2, 5-dione [cyclo-(Ala-Ala)](9), adenine(10) and uridine(11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1, 3-7 and 11 are obtained from Nigrospora sphaerica for the first time.

Abstract: TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has a wide range of biological activities and plays an important roles in regulating cell growth, adhesion, differentiation, cell dynamic balance, and immune responses. The higher activity of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may promote scar formation, organ fibrosis, immunosuppression, and late-stage cancer progression, while low activity may lead to inflammation, dysplasia, poor healing and oncogenesis. The function of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is extremely complex and can exhibit inhibitory or enhancing effects on immunity and inflammation under different circumstances, but immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects are dominant. During HIV infection, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway interacts with HIV in a complex manner as HIV proteins tat and gp120 can induce TGF-β expression. Meanwhile, this signaling pathway may also play a role in HIV infection and replication, latent virus reservoir, host immune deficiency and HIV-related inflammation. It is worth noting that even though TGF-β, which mainly exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, is induced by HIV, high levels of TGF-β do not seem to inhibit HIV-related inflammation. So far, the relationship between TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection has not been elucidated, and its role and mechanism in HIV infection and related illnesses need further exploration and validation. This review summarizes the relevant research progress on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection, and provides a reference for further understanding of HIV pathogenesis and exploring strategies of AIDS treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of paeonol antagonizing peroxynitrite(ONOO~-) on osteoblast apoptosis of rat in vitro.Methods Osteoblasts of newly born rat's skull were separated and cultured by tissue mass method.ONOO~-was produced by chemical synthesis with a quenched flow reactor.ONOO~-at 1 mmol/L concentration was added to cultured osteoblast system in vitro.After incubated for 30 min,osteoblasts were continued to be cultured for 12 h with routine method.Hoechst33258 stain and TUNEL method were used to detect the osteoblast apoptosis and 0.1 mmol/L concentration of paeonol was used to eliminate the effect of ONOO~-(1 mmol/L) on osteoblast apoptosis of rat.Results ONOO~-(1 mmol/L) could lead to rat osteoblast apoptosis.Paeonol of 0.1 mmol/L concentration could antagonize rat osteoblast apoptosis induced by ONOO~-(1 mmol/L).Conclusion Paeonol(0.1 mmol/L) has the significant antagonizing effect on ONOO~-of rat osteoblast apoptosis in vitro.

Objective To study the effect of total nutrient admixture (TNA) on lipid metabolism in rats with acute hepatic failure (AHF). Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet group, nitrogen-free diet group, fat-free nutrient admixture group, and TNA group. All rats were injected with D-galac- tosamine to induce AHF model Meanwhile, 6 healthy Wistar rats were used as control group. TNA provided energy 221.75 kJ (1 kcal=4.184 kJ), nitrogen 0.365 g, nitrogen to energy ratio 1:145, amino acids 2.28 g (including branched-chain amino acid 0.70 g), glucose 7.85 g, and fat 1.25 g on a daily basis. After 10 days of the operation of Jugular vein puncture tube, blood glucose, blood lipid, liver and renal function were determined. Results The blood glucose level was significantly higher in TNA group than that in fat-free nutrient admixture group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum triglyceride and cholesterol were highest in fat-free nutrition admixture group, and triglyceride level was signif- icantly higher than that in normal diet group and nitrogen-free diet group (P <0.05). The levels of serum triglyceride and cholesterol were significantly higher in TNA group than those in normal diet group (P <0.05). The levels of ala- nine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen were lower in TNA group than those in fat-free nutrient admixture group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The nutritional proportion of TNA is suitable for the metabolism disorder of hepatic failure, and therefore TNA can reasonably promote the anabolism and reverse the deteri- oration of hepatic failure in rats.

Objective To provide structure and function applied anatomical of auricle stabilizing system for plastic and reconstruction.Methods Twelve cases fresh ears from adult head specimen,to dissect the skin,muscle fascia system and cartilage,to observe nerve,blood vessel and structure of cartilage.Results The structure of auricle Including the perichondrium,auricle cartilage,muscle and ligament.There was a rich blood supply for auricle stabilize system.The mainly blood supply come from posterior auricular artery diameter was 1.2 ± 0.2 cm and superficial temporal artery diameter was 2.6 ± 0.3 mm.Vein accompanying with the same name.Lymphatic flow in the area of superficial muscle fascia.Conclusion The blood supply of posterior auricular artery and superficial temporal artery play a crucial role in auricle repair and reconstruction.The main structure of stable system was elastic cartilage.Auricle cartilage and muscle play an important role in the microsurgery of auricle cartilage morphology and location.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN),in order to provide incidence for clinical treatment and prevention.Methods Two hundred and eighty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into DPN group(113 cases) and non-DPN group(174 cases)according to electrophysiological examination and diagnosis.The clinical information were collected including body mass index (BMI),blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PG),fasting plasma insulin (FINS),C peptide,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl c),blood fat and cholesterin.The DPN prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes was calculated,and t or x2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied.Results Among the 287 patients with type 2,the DPN prevalence was 39.4％ (113/287).The level of age,duration of diabetes and smoking in DPN group were significantly higher than those of non-DPN group,while exercise,income situation and educational background were significantly lower than those of non-DPN group (x2 =4.378,8.430,4.525,4.500,4.203,6.890,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).Systolic blood pressure((137.52 ± 16.10) mmHg),FPG ((11.42 ± 3.08) mmol/L),2 hPG ((18.70 ± 4.61) mmol/L),HbA1c ((10.21 ± 2.50)％) in DPN group were higher than those of non DPN group ((systolic pressure (132.67± 15.80) mmHg,FPG(9.96 ±3.76) mmol/L,2 hPG(15.38 ±5.26) mmol/L,HbA1c(9.54 ±2.83)％).In DPN group,Fasting insulin,2 h insulin,fasting C peptide were (13.52 ± 4.92) mmol/L,(36.20 ± 17.52) mmol/L,(1.44 ± 0.62) mmol/L,(3.89 ± 3.01) mmol/L,lower than those of non DPN group ((16.76 ± 5.24) mmol/L,(47.95 ± t5.04) mmol/L,(1.83 ± 0.57) mmol/L,(5.24 ± 3.45) mmol/L),and the differences were significant (t =2.512,3.592,5.635,2.105,5.312,5.863,5.372,3.502,P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.001).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the level of duration of diabetes,HbA1c,2 hPG were positively correlated with DPN prevalence,and those were the independent risk factors of DPN (OR(95％CI) 1.040(1.018-1.062),1.331(1.032-1.717),1.366(1.044-1.787),P＜0.05).The level of FINS,Fasting C peptide,2 h C peptide were negatively correlated with DPN prevalence,and those were independent protective factors of DPN (OR (95 ％ CI) 0.803 (0.725-0.889),0.923 (0.731-0.954),0.863 (0.801-0.930),P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of DPN is common in patients with type 2 diabetes.The indices of duration of diabetes,HbA1c,2 hPG were risk factors of DPN,and there is more dangerous with the lower level of FINS,Fasting C peptide,2 h C peptide.

With the increase of the incidence and the refinement of clinical treatment,the clear preoperative staging and the assessment of tumor recurrence and metastasis of cervical cancer is particular important.Different results may be explained in the same tumor applied different methods of imaging examination,which influences the clinical diagnosis and treatment.So imaging examination plays a more and more important role in the assessment of preoperative staging and tumor recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the curative effect of different restorations for deciduous teeth defect of children.Methods:67 children with teeth defecting seriously and being unable to fill restore were enrolled from January 2011 to January 2015 and randomly divided into three groups,one group of patients accepted metal crown restoration (Group A,n=22),one group adopted ceramic inlay restoration (Group B,n=22),and the last one accepted silver amalgam filling (Group C,n=23),the curative effect and incidence of adverse reactions among three groups in the period follow-up were compared.Results:In the period of 18-month follow-up,6 patients of toothache,5 patients of food impaction and crevices between restorations and teeth,3 cases of gingival congestion,2 cases of secondary caries were observed in group C;3 cases of toothache,1 case of food impaction,gingival congestion,crevices between restorations and teeth and secondary caries were observed in group B;2 cases of toothache and food impaction,1 case of gingival congestion were observed in group A.The incidence of adverse reactions in group A and group B was lower than those in group C (P＜0.05),which was lower in group A than that in group B,but no significant difference was found between group A and group B (P＞0.05).Conclusion:The restoration of metal crown and ceramic inlay deserved popularization had better curative effect and safety for deciduous teeth defect of children than silver amalgam filling.