OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with discontinuous windowing technique for repairing large area exposed wounds of Achilles tendon.

METHODSFrom July 2009 to May 2014, 11 patients with large exposed wounds of Achilles tendon were treated, including 5 males and 6 females with an average age of 43 years old (aged from 7 to 65 years old). Among them, 4 cases were skin necrosis caused by heavy objects abrasion and contusion; 3 cases were caused by distal tibiofibula fractures; 3 cases were caused by bicycle-spoke injuries; 1 case was caused by diabetes. Areas of exposed Achilles tendon were from 6 cmx3 cm to 14 cmx5 cm without tendon rupture or bone exposed. After debridement, discontinuous fenestration on Achilles tendon was made by knife blade parallel with longitudinal axis of Achilles tendon, combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) treatment.

RESULTSAfter drainage treatment with one VSD cycle (5 to 7 days), abundant fresh granulation tissues were growing on all wounds and survived well after the second phase dermatoplasty. All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months, the color of skin flap was good, the texture was soft without burst. At 3 to 4 months after operation, subcutaneous fat was appeared under the flap, the skin was sliding, movement of ankle joints was good. No delayed Achilles tendon rupture were occurred.

CONCLUSIONVacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with discontinuous fenestration is a simple, safe and effective method for repairing large area exposed wounds of Achilles tendon,which could minimize the secondary damage caused by wounds of skin flap grafting.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vacuum

Comminuted fracture of distal femur is a common lower limb injury from traffic accidents, especially from motor accidents. Routine dynamic condylar screw (DCS) or 95-degree condylar plate (CP) sometimes cannot solve the bone defect in the center of alignment and contralateral diaphysis for the reason of absent screw anchor point, especially for AO C2.2-2.3 types. Many authors recommended open reduction and fixation with less invasive stabilization system (LISS) as the treatment of choice, but there are still problems in fusion and alignment. In this study, we reported our experiences with the use of bone splint technique in the high-energy commimuted fracture of distal femur with central and medial bone defect in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Splints

OBJECTIVETo identify the interaction partners of a new splicing product of LMO2 gene (LMO2-C), and study its function in K562 cells.

METHODSMaltose binding protein (MBP) pull down and mammalian two-hybrid assay (MTHA) were used to identify the interaction partners of LMO2-C in K562 cells. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of hematopoietic specific gene glycoprotein (GPA) in K562 cells.

RESULTSMBP-LMO2-C fusion protein was expressed and purified in soluble form successfully. Endogenous GATA1 and LDB1 proteins were confirmed to bind to LMO2-C by MBP pull down analysis. The MTHA also showed that LMO2-C had comparable binding affinities to LDB1 with LMO2-L, and over expression of LMO2-C prevented LMO2-L from binding to LDB1, the inhibition rate being (81.13 +/- 0.68)%. RT-PCR results showed that the expression level of GPA was reduced [(51.00 +/- 1.58)%] in K562 cells while LMO2-C overexpressed.

CONCLUSIONLMO2-C can bind endogenous GATA1 and LDB1 protein in K562 cells and down regulates the expression of GPA.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; GATA1 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; LIM Domain Proteins ; Maltose-Binding Proteins ; Metalloproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Periplasmic Binding Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; RNA Splicing ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of cord blood dendritic cells (DCs) on the in vitro proliferation capability, immunophenotype changes, level of secreted cytokines and activity against leukemia cells of the homologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells. DCs and CIK cells were induced from cord blood mononuclear cells. They were co-cultured at the ratio of 1:5, and CIK cells from cord blood or DC-CIK cells from peripheral blood were cultured as controls. Immunophenotypic changes were analyzed by flow cytometry, increased number of cells were counted by trypan-blue staining, the killing activity to leukemia cells was assayed by MTT, the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the cultured supernatant were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the proliferation capability of cord blood DC-CIK cells was significantly higher than that of cord blood CIK cells and peripheral blood DC-CIK cells (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05). Under the same condition, the rate of double positive cells with CD3(+)CD8(+) and CD3(+)CD56(+) in CIK cells was significantly enhanced by co-culture with cord blood DCs (p < 0.05). The level of IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in cultured supernatants of cord blood DC-CIK cells increased noticeably on day 3 as compared with CIK cells cultured alone (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05). Within the effector-target ratio range between 2.5:1 to 20:1, the activity of cord blood DC-CIK cells against all subtypes of acute leukemia cells was much higher than that of CIK cells (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference among all subtypes of acute leukemia cells, which was the same with the killing effect of peripheral blood DC-CIK cells against leukemia cells. It is concluded that the proliferation capability and anti-leukemia effect of the homologous CIK cells can be enhanced by cord blood DCs. The proliferation capability of cord blood DC-CIK cells is stronger than that of peripheral blood DC-CIK cells, but there is no significant differences of cytotoxicity between DCs and CIK cells. As the cord blood is easily gained and does not easily cause a serious graft rejection, the DC-CIK cells should be clinically applied more extensively as novel immune therapy.
Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells ; cytology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Leukemia ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo determine the incidence of human herpes virus (HHV) 1-4 type including herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in the saliva of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected patients.

METHODSThe incidence of salivary HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV from 245 HIV-seropositive individuals and control group was used to investigate by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) or nested PCR. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software.

RESULTSIn the 245 HIV-seropositive individuals, the detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV were 29.0%, 3.3%, 4.1%, 82.0%. In the control group, the detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV were 13.3%, 0, 0, 36.7%. Four HHVs were significantly more prevalent in the salivas of HIV-seropositive persons than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The detection rates of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and EBV DNA were no difference between the HIV-positive group with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV-positive group without HAART (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is a high prevalence of HHV infection in HIV-infected people in Yunnan. The most common virus are EBV, followed by HSV-1, but VZV and HSV-2 are rarely detected. HHV co-infection is also observed.

Adult ; China ; DNA, Viral ; HIV Infections ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Incidence ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Saliva

DNA composition dynamics across genomes of diverse taxonomy is a major subject of genome analyses. DNA composition changes are characteristics of both replication and repair machineries. We investigated 3,611,007 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated by comparing two sequenced rice genomes from distant inbred lines (subspecies), including those from 242,811 introns and 45,462 protein-coding sequences (CDSs). Neighboring-nucleotide effects (NNEs) of these SNPs are diverse, depending on structural content-based classifications (genomewide, intronic, and CDS) and sequence context-based categories (A/C, A/G, A/T,C/G, C/T, and G/T substitutions) of the analyzed SNPs. Strong and evident NNEs and nucleotide proportion biases surrounding the analyzed SNPs were observed in 1-3 bp sequences on both sides of an SNP. Strong biases were observed around neighboring nucleotides of protein-coding SNPs, which exhibit a periodicity of three in nucleotide content, constrained by a combined effect of codon-related rules and DNA repair mechanisms. Unlike a previous finding in the human genome,we found negative correlation between GC contents of chromosomes and the magnitude of corresponding bias of nucleotide C at -1 site and G at +1 site. These results will further our understanding of the mutation mechanism in rice as well as its evolutionary implications.

OBJECTIVESTo establish a theoretical model for the tortuosity of internal carotid artery and summarize the hemodynamic rule of blood flow in a tortuous artery. To explore the relationship of cerebral ischemia and tortuous internal carotid artery.

METHODSTaking the internal carotid artery as a prototype, a geometric model of a tortuous artery was constructed according to the normal physiological and anatomical parameters of internal carotid artery. The boundary conditions and calculation conditions of blood flow are proposed. The numerical simulation of the blood flow in the tortuous artery is carried out with finite element method. Hemodynamic parameters of internal carotid artery were measured in 15 cases with the tortuosity of internal carotid artery and in 15 cases of normal control group. Blood pressure was measured by microcatheter connecting a pressure transducer at internal carotid artery, pre-tortuous and post-tortuous artery. The diameter and length of the above artery were measured and calculated by DSA machine.

RESULTSNumerical simulation results indicated pressure drop of blood flow and elongated length of artery is increased with diminution of the angle of tortuous artery. Clinical measurement data disclosed the same trend in the same curve as numerical simulation.

CONCLUSIONThe elongation and tortuosity of internal carotid artery results in decrease of blood pressure in the distal segment of tortuous internal carotid artery, kinking of internal carotid artery may be one of factors related to attack of cerebral ischemia on certain conditions.

Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; blood supply ; Brain Ischemia ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; physiopathology ; Carotid Stenosis ; complications ; physiopathology ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Regional Blood Flow

OBJECTIVETo describe the prevalence of body overweight and obesity and its changes among Chinese people during 1992-2002, and to provide scientific basis for developing intervention strategies for obesity in China.

METHODSThe data from "1992 China third National Nutrition Survey" (78,704 subjects, 38,323 male and 40,381 female) and from "2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey" (209,849 subjects, 101,377 male and 108,472 female) were used in this study. The overweight and obesity were defined by using WHO Z-score criteria for children younger than 7 years old, Chinese age-, sex-specific BMI criteria for children aged 7-17 years, and Chinese BMI criteria for adults.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence of overweight and obesity of Chinese people was increased by 38.6% and 80.6%, respectively during the period of 1992-2002. The prevalence of overweight and obesity of Chinese people aged 0-6 years, 7-17 years, 18-44 years, 45-59 years and above 60 years was increased 31.7%, 17.9%, 66.7%, 45.2% and 43.7%, respectively. The increase of the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in girls younger than 6 years than their male counterparts, while among other age groups, that were higher in boys than girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among people living in rural areas was lower than that of their urban counterparts, while the increment of overweight and obesity prevalence among rural people was greater than that of their urban counterparts. It was estimated that another 70 million overweight and 30 million obese Chinese people emerged in China from 1992 to 2002.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of overweight and obesity of Chinese people was increased rapidly in the past decade, which had affected 260 million Chinese people. It would continue to increase in the near future if effective intervention measures have not been taken.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical results of ulnar osteotomy and internal fixation in treating old anterior dislocation of radial head in children.

METHODSFrom Jan.2004 to Jan.2010, 18 patients with old anterior dislocation of radial head were treated with open reduction for radial head and ulnar osteotomy and internal fixation, including 12 males and 6 females with an average age of (6.9 +/- 1.3) years (3 to 15 years). Among them, 15 cases had history of external injury, from injury to operation was for 5-65 months with an average of (24.0 +/- 5.5) months. Limitation of activity occurred in all patients including flexion and extension of elbow joint and rotation of forearm, without radial nerve injury and obviously radial head deformation.

RESULTSAll incisions obtained primary healing and no nonunion, re-dislocation of radial head and nerve injury were found. All patients were followed up from 9 to 38 months with an average of (17.0 +/- 4.5) months. Union time of fracture was from 2.3 to 3.9 months with an average of (2.8 +/- 0.5) months. Postoperative activity in flexion and extension of elbow joint and rotation of forearm improved significantly compared with preoperative. The clinical effects were evaluated according to Zhuyukui criteria, 14 patients got excellent results, 3 good, 1 fair.

CONCLUSIONUlnar osteotomy and internal fixation in treating old anterior dislocation of radial head in children can obtain satisfactory results and effectively improve the activities in flexion and extension of elbow joint and rotation of forearm and prevent re-dislocation of radial head.

Adolescent ; Bone Plates ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ulna ; surgery