Abstract: TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has a wide range of biological activities and plays an important roles in regulating cell growth, adhesion, differentiation, cell dynamic balance, and immune responses. The higher activity of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may promote scar formation, organ fibrosis, immunosuppression, and late-stage cancer progression, while low activity may lead to inflammation, dysplasia, poor healing and oncogenesis. The function of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is extremely complex and can exhibit inhibitory or enhancing effects on immunity and inflammation under different circumstances, but immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects are dominant. During HIV infection, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway interacts with HIV in a complex manner as HIV proteins tat and gp120 can induce TGF-β expression. Meanwhile, this signaling pathway may also play a role in HIV infection and replication, latent virus reservoir, host immune deficiency and HIV-related inflammation. It is worth noting that even though TGF-β, which mainly exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, is induced by HIV, high levels of TGF-β do not seem to inhibit HIV-related inflammation. So far, the relationship between TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection has not been elucidated, and its role and mechanism in HIV infection and related illnesses need further exploration and validation. This review summarizes the relevant research progress on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection, and provides a reference for further understanding of HIV pathogenesis and exploring strategies of AIDS treatment.

Objective: To analyze the death among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 and 2021, so as to provide insights into reduction of mortality among children. Methods: The mortality surveillance data among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from Children Death Report Cards and Surveillance Report among Children under 5 Years of Age, including gender, place of residence, date of death and death diagnosis. The trends in mortality and cause of death were analyzed among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021. Results: A total of 1 262 deaths occurred among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, with mean annual mortality of 4.39‰, and the mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline (χ2trend=132.695, P<0.001). A total of 899 infants died, with mean annual mortality of 3.13‰, and 363 children at ages of 1 to <5 years died, with mean annual mortality of 1.26‰. The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among both infants (χ2trend=117.778, P<0.001) and children at ages of 1 to <5 years (χ2trend=19.201, P<0.001). A total of 724 local children died, with mean annual mortality of 3.33‰, and there were 538 deaths among floating children, with mean annual mortality of 7.65‰. The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among both local (χ2trend=43.728, P<0.001) and floating children (χ2trend=94.038, P<0.001). The five most common causes of death included preterm birth or low birth weight (207 deaths, 16.40%), drowning (155 deaths, 12.28%), accidental asphyxia (138 deaths, 10.94%), other congenital abnormalities (126 deaths, 9.98%), and congenital heart diseases (113 deaths, 8.95%). Conclusions The mortality appeared a tendency towards a decline among children under 5 years of age in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and preterm birth or low birth weight was the predominant cause of death.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maple Syrup Urine Disease ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy

To improve the quality of tea.ching,investigating the effect of practice-based in the teaching of human parasitology by department of parasitology in our school.We take medical laboratory science professional as an example,the parasite teaching is the traditional model of infusion teaching at present,besides the classical contents,it is difficult for some courses to meet the needs of social development at present,which has deficiency in attracting students' interest.Based on the optimization of teaching content,and teaching methods for the teaching process,part of contents were carryed out on the base of cultivating students' ability to practice.The objective of this teaching model is to solve practical problems as the goal,particularly focus on learning process of solving the problem.These results show that the teaching model based on culturing students' ability to practice could better embody the idea of studentcentered teaching,to some extent,it helps to stimulate students' independent thinking ability,and enhance students' learning achievement,and cultivate students' analysis and problem-solving ability,practical ability and teamwork spirit.

Objective To determine the prevalence and clinical features of peripancreatic vascular abnormalities in patients with pancreatitis.Methods The clinical data of 102 pancreatitis patients between January 2013 to December 2014 in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command who underwent contrast enhanced CT or contrast enhanced MRI scans were retrospectively analyzed.The radiological features of peripancreatic vascular abnormalities in such patients were examined, and the clinical features of pancreatitis patients with or without peripancreatic vascular abnormalities were investigated.Results Peripancreatic vascular abnormalities were found in 18 patients(17.6%), and vascular abnormalities were relatively common in portal vessels.No significant differences were observed on the age at onset, gender ratio, smoking status, alcohol consumption and length of stay between patients with and without peripancreatic vascular abnormalities.Compared with those without peripancreatic vascular abnormalities, patients with peripancreatic vascular abnormalities had a significantly higher incidence of peripancreatic fluid collection, pancreatic pseudocyst and gastric varices, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusions Peripancreatic vascular abnormalities can be complicated with pancreatitis.Enhanced CT or enhanced MRI were valuable in the diagnosis.Pancreatic pseudocyst, peripancreatic fluid collection and gastric varices were more common in pancreatitis complicated with peripancreatic vascular abnormalities.

In this paper, Liuwei Dihuang pill was used to study the identification of Chinese patent medicine by fluorescence sequencing typing technology. The DNA of Paeonia suffruticosa was used as template to amplify by five pair of FAM fluorescence labeling primers. Then, the amplified products were sequenced. The sequencing results were analyzed by GeneMarker V1.80 to screen the best fluorescence labeling primers. As a result, psbA-trnH fluorescence labeling primer was used to identify the raw materials of Liuwei Dihuang pill. The results showed that three kinds of raw plant medicinal materials in Liuwei Dihuang pill were able to be correctly identified by psbA-trnH fluorescence labeling primer. The fluorescence sequencing typing technology can stably and accurately distinguish raw medicinal materials in Chinese patent medicine.
DNA Primers ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; instrumentation ; methods ; Quality Control ; Staining and Labeling

AIM:To investigate the role of B cells in CD45RB antibody-induced transplantation immune toler-ance.METHODS:Single cell suspension was made from the spleen of BALB/c nude mice disposed by CD45RB antibod-y, then mixed cultured with T cells of BALB/c mice and spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice.The Th1, Th2, Treg and Tm cells were monitored by flow cytometry during the culture process .The skin graft model was set up with B 6.μMT-/-mice as re-ceptors and BALB/c mice as donors.CD45RB antibody was intraperitoneally injected into the receptors after transplantation and then CD3+CD45RBhi cells were detected by flow cytometry .In another mixed lymphocyte culture , CD45RB antibody was added, and then B cells were isolated and injected into B6.μMT-/-mice through the tail vein.The heart transplanta-tion model was established with B 6.μMT-/-mice as receptors and BALB/c mice as donors, and then the survival and the migration of B cells to the thymus were observed .RESULTS:When T lymphocytes were co-cultured with B lymphocytes treated with anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vivo, the percentages of Th2 and Treg cells were up-regulated and Th1 cells were down-regulated, but Tm cells were not altered as compared with the control .In vivo without B lympho-cytes, anti-CD45RB mAb also down-regulated the expression of CD45RB in T lymphocytes.The reduction was faster and the percentage of CD3 +CD45RBhi T cells was not altered as compared with the control .The B lymphocytes treated with an-ti-CD45RB mAb in vitro prolonged the lifetime of receptor in heart transplantation model but failed to induce complete toler -ance.After recieving B cells treated with anti-CD45RB mAb and allogeneic heart transplantation , B cells migrated to the thymus in B6.μMT-/-mice.CONCLUSION:B lymphocytes play a definite role in the transplantation immune tolerance induced by anti-CD45RB mAb through their affection on T-cell subgroups and also in the central tolerance .However, the induction of immune tolerance can not only rely on B cells .

For the perioperation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the local corticosteroid nasal spray, hormone and antibiotics oral treatment are mainly used in modern medicine. Oral treatment decoction, nasal spray and traditional Chinese medicine lavage and so on which are the combinations of internal and external treatment are used in TCM therapy. This article reviewed the use of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the perioperation of CRS, and provided references for standardization of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapy for treating CRS.

Objective To discuss the clinical aesthetic effect of vermilion repair on cleft lips after using double-line reconstruction.Methods 68 children with cleft lip were repaired according to the principle of double-line reconstruction,and two contents including 7 projects,such as shapes of upper lips,vermilion borders of lips,vermilion shapes and lips,etc,were evaluated comprehensively within one month after operation for assessing the postoperative effect.Results 68 cases were followed up,with the follow-up rate of 100％,and 62 cases (91.2％) were satisfied with the vermilion repair.Six cases (8.8％) had a common effect of vermilion shapes after repair.In the 7 contents evaluated,satisfactory results were achieved in the projects except the relatively poor symmetry vermilion borders of lips.Conclusions The double-line reconstruction helps to improve the aesthetic effect of vermilion repair on cleft lips.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of bacteria in general ICU then discuss the susceptible factors and the treatment.METHODS A retrospective analysis of clinical information was performed on 123 patients diagnosed infection who stayed in ICU from May 2002 to May 2004.RESULTS Most of bacteria resulted in infection of general ICU were Gram-negative(62.88%) and then Gram-positive(19.65%). Fungal infection accounted for 17.47%.Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupied the highest percentage among Gram-negative bacteria.Most of Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus and all of them were MRS.The infection site in ICU focused on lower respiratory tract(89.09%).The second was urinary tract(11.79%).CONCLUSIONS Most of the bacteria causing infection in general ICU locate in respiratory tract.They are mainly Gram-negative.All of the Gram-positive bacteria are MRS.The risk factors of hospital-acquired infection are related with patient′s age,underlying disease,intensive care time,ventilation time and invasive operation.