In order to determine the challenge dose of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain). The virus titer of PPMV-1 E5 allantoic fluid (Chuansha strain) was determined using SPF chicken embryos in this research. After inoculating 30-day-old and 120-day-old pigeons with low-HI antibody against PPMV-1 (HI antibody < or =2) with different doses of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain), the clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions of the challenged pigeons were examined. The results showed that the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain) was 102.5 ELD50, so we determined that 10(5.5) ELD50, which was 1000 times the MLD, could be taken as the challenge dose in the vaccine efficacy test for PPMV-1 inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain).
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Bird Diseases ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Chick Embryo ; Columbidae ; immunology ; virology ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology ; Virulence

Objective:Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia(AVNRT) is a common type of arrhythmia,for which radiofrequency ablation(RFCA) is the first therapeutic option.This study is to investigate the causes of 16 cases of temporary atrioventricular block(AVB) during RFCA and 2 cases of permanent AVB after RFCA in common and refractory AVNRT.Methods: We performed RFCA for 77 AVNRT patients by gradually increasing the ablation time,energy and frequency.Generally we chose the lower zone as the first position of ablation and,if invalid,moved the catheter gradually up to the middle or upper zone.Then we analyzed the correlation of AVB with A/V and H-wave in different positions.Results: The AVB risk was increased with the upward movement of the ablation zone and increase of A/V or H-wave(P 0.05). Conclusion: The method of gradually increasing the ablation time,energy and frequency can prevent temporary from permanent AVB.In the common AVNRT group,the middle and lower zone ablation,the multiple-peak A wave,small A wave and big V wave(A/V ≤ 0.45?0.37) with no H wave or H≤0.003?0.01 mV could significantly decrease the risk of RFCA related AVB,but the risk of AVB remains among the refractory AVNRT patients with CSO abnormality or expansion,even if with ablation in the lower zone.

Objective:To examine the adiponectin level in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)in patients of chronic periodontitis with dia-betes mellitus type 2.Methods:20 patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 with chronic periodontitis(DM&CP),20 of periodontitis(CP) and 20 health subjects(H)were included.The periodontal indexes (SBI,PLI,PD and AL)were measured,GCF samples were quan-tified by periotron 8000,the adiponectin content in GCF was tested by adiponectin ELISA kit.The relationship between the adiponectin level in GCF and the periodontal indexes of the DM&CP patients was analyzed statistically.Results:The adiponectin level in GCF in group DM&CP was significantly lower than that in the other 2 groups(P <0.05).The adiponectin levels in GCF in group CP and H were not statistically different.The adiponectin level in GCF was negatively correlated with PD and AL(P <0.05),but had no correlation with SBI and PLI(P >0.05).Conclusion:Decrease of adiponectin in GCF may play a role in the development of DM&CP.

Objective To compare the single-and double-injection techniques for sciatic nerve block.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 48-72 kg,undergoing elective unilateral foot and ankle surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:single-injection group (group S) and double-injection group (group D).Labat-winnie approach to sciatic nerve block was performed under the guidance of a nerve stimulator.When ankle dorsal or plantar flexion developed,group S received a single injection of 0.5％ ropivacaine 30 ml.When ankle dorsal and plantar flexion developed,0.5％ ropivacaine 15 ml was injected each time in group D.The failure of location was recorded.The time spent performing the procedure,onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade,and the total time for the block were recorded.The effectiveness of block (success,failure) was assessed.Results The failure rate of location was 10％ in group D.The success rate of block was 93％ in group S,and was 96％ in group D,and there was no significant difference in the success rate of block between the two groups.Compared with group S,the onset time of sensory and motor blockade was significantly shortened,the time spent performing the procedure was prolonged,and no significant change was found in the total time for the block,duration of sensory and motor blockade in group D.Conclusion Single-injection technique is recommended for the sciatic nerve block in the patients undergoing lower extremity surgery.

Hoxa3-Pax1/Pax9-Eya1-Six1/4 regulatory pathway seems to be operating during forming the bilateral parathyroid/thymus common primordial in early embryonic development.The specification of the parathyroid domain in the parathyroid/thymus primordial is regulated through a Shh-Tbx1-Gcm2 pathway.Gcm2 also may play roles in later steps of parathyroid development,including CaSR and PTH gene expression.MafB and Gcm2 interact with each other and synergistically activate PTH transcription.Genetic basis and the etiology of some hypoparathyroid disorders in man are involved defects in transcription factors that include GCMB,GATA3,Tbxl,SOX3 and GNA11.This marker expression in thymus and parathyroid primordium includes HoxA3,Pax1,Eya1,and Six1;and expression of parathyroid cell-like cells includes Gcm2,CaSR,and PTH.These expressions may serve as markers of stem cell differentiation into parathyroid cell-like cells.

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cel transplantation provides an important way to treat sequela of traumatic brain injury, but the timing for treatment is inconclusive.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical effect of neural stem cel transplantation in the treatment of sequela of traumatic brain injury and the choice of the best treatment time.
METHODS: Totaly 178 patients with sequela of traumatic brain injury who underwent neural stem cel transplantation were divided into three groups as per the timing for neural stem cel transplantation: group A (with 6 months after injury,n=60), group B (6-12 months after injury,n=59), and group C (over 12 months after injury,n=59). Improvement in clinical symptoms and scores on function independent measure (FIM) were recorded and compared in the three groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The total effective rate of group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (P < 0.05). FIM scores were significantly improved in the three groups after cel transplantation (P < 0.05). At 3 months after the fourth transplantation, the FIM score in the group A was significantly higher than that in the other two groups, and the incidence of adverse reactions in the group A was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that neural stem cel transplantation at different timing can al harvest certain clinical effects, but the best timing for neural stem cel transplantation is within 6 months after injury.

AIMTo study the effects of L-tyrosine on 3beta-HSD activity of rat luteal cells in vitro.

METHODSLuteal cells were isolated from ovary tissues of female rats pretreated with PMSG and hCG. Luteal cells were cultured with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide in 37 degrees C. 3beta-HSD activity was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA).

RESULTS(1) 0.2 mmol x L(-1) and 2.0 mmol x L(-1) L-tyrosine significantly inhibited 3beta-HSD activity. (2) 0.2 mmol x L(-1) L-tyrosine exerted different effects on 3beta-HSD activity at different concentrations of pregnenolone (Ph). It increased 3beta-HSD activity at 0.1 micromol x L(-1) and 1 micromol x L(-1) of Pn concentration. With further increase in the concentration of Pn to 100 micromol x L(-1), the stimulating effect of L-tyrosine was switched to suppression effect. (3) L-tyrosine and L-tyrosine hydrazide both inhibited 3beta-HSD activity induced by hCG.

CONCLUSIONL-tyrosine affects 3beta-HSD activity of rat luteal cells in vitro. L-tyrosine and tyrosine hydrazide inhibits hCG induced 3beta-HSD activity.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Luteal Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tyrosine ; pharmacology

This study aimed to investigate the involved immunologic mechanism of pure total flavonoids from Citrus (PTFC) on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). C57BL/6 mice were fed with high .fat diet for 16 weeks to induce the NASH model, and from the 7th week three dosages (25, 50 and 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) of PTFC were administrated intragastric for 10 weeks respectively. Serum TG, CHOL, ALT, AST were determined by biochemical assay, histopathological changes of the liver tissue were observed by HE staining, expression of RORyt and Foxp3 mRNA of the liver tissue was detected by Real-time PCR, and serum IL-17, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-4 were determined by.Cytometric Beads Array. As a result, we find that after the administration of PTFC, the in- flammation of the liver tissue of NASH mice was attenuated, liver function was improved, and the expression of RORgammat mRNA was higher in the liver tissue while which was lower of Foxp3 mRNA, the level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-6 decreased and the level of suppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 increased. These data show that PTFC protects the development of NASH through regulating the Th17/Treg balance and attenuating inflammation.
Animals ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Cytokines ; blood ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; immunology ; prevention & control ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; Th17 Cells ; drug effects

Using universal primer Tyl-copia retrotransposon RT, the conserved reverse transcriptase domain of about 260 bp was amplified by RT-PCR from the Dendrobium officinale which induced by 100 micromol x L(-1) abscisic acid (ABA), indicating these retrotransposons activated by 100 micromol x L(-1) ABA. The amplicons were recovered and cloned,then sequenced and analyzed by related bioinformatics software. Forty-two Ty1-copia like retrotransposon RT transcriptionally activated were obtained with high heterogeneity. The length of these sequences varied from 247 to 266 bp, and was rich in AT and homology ranged from 46.3% to 98.9%. The same to Ty1-copia like retrotransposon RT of genome, different c/s-acting regulatory elements induced by stress conditions and the starting transcription signals, corresponding to CAAT box, TATA box conserved sequences and some other regulatory elements. The c/s-acting regulatory elements induced by stress conditions of reverse transcriptase transcriptionally activated of Tyl-copia retrotransposons were significantly increased than that of Ty1-copia like retrotransposon RT of genome. When being translated into amino acids, fifteen sequences presented stop codon mutation, nineteen sequences presented frameshift mutation, and all sequences presented conserved sequence "SLYGKQ" mutation. Five categories were identified through phylogenic analysis after alignment analyses of their amino acid sequences, and with Ty1-copia like retrotransposon RT of genome having low homology, which indicated that reverse transcriptase transcriptionally activated of Ty1-copia retrotransposons which induced by ABA had Significantly differences with Ty1-copia like retrotransposon RT of genome.
Abscisic Acid ; pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Dendrobium ; drug effects ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Retroelements ; drug effects ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of pure total flavonoids from Citrus (PTFC) on the hepatic fatty degeneration, inflammation, oxidative stress and SIRT1/PGC-1alpha expressions in mice with non-alcohol steatohepatitis (NASH), and discuss the action mechanism of PTFC on NASH.

METHODMice were given high-fat diet for 16 weeks to induce the NASH model. Since the seventh week after the model establishment, the mice were intervened with 100, 50 and 25 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) PTFC for 10 weeks. The pathologic changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG, CHOL in hepatic tissue, as well as the levels of AST, ALT in serum were detected by using the biochemical process. The expression of SIRT1, PGC-1alpha and MnSOD mRNA in hepatic tissues were detected with Real-time PCR assay. SIRT1, PGC-1alpha protein and 8-OHdG expressions were determined with the immunohistochemical method. The SOD level in hepatic tissues was tested by the xanthine oxidase method. The MDA content in hepatic tissues was examined by the thiobarbituric acid method.

RESULTThe contents of TG, CHOL, NAFLD activity scores and ALT level in serum in hepatic tissues of mice in the model induced by fat-rich diet were obviously higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.010. The SIRT1, PGC-1alpha, MnSOD mRNA and protein expression in hepatic tissues were significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.01). The expression of 8-OHdG and the content of MDA in hepatic tissues were obviously higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.01). After the intervention with different doses of PTFC, the NAFLD activity scores, the content of TG and the level of AST in serum were notably lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); whereas the SIRT1, PGC-1alpha, MnSOD mRNA and protein expression were obviously higher than that of the normal group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), with the significant decrease in the expression of 8-OHdG and the content of MDA (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOxidative stress/lipid peroxidation enhancement in in NASH mice induced by high-fat diet may be related to the changes in SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signal transduction pathway. PTFC could enhance the anti-oxidant capacity in liver, relieve the damage of reactive oxygen during the fatty acid metabolic process, and prevent NASH from the occurrence and development by regulating the SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signal pathway.

Animals ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; genetics ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism