Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.

Objective To study the disease pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with thrombocytopenia ,and discuss reticulated platelets (RP) in SLE merger thrombocytopenia disease of diagnosis and treatment in the clinical application val-ue .Methods 55 patients diagnosed with SLE patients and 50 cases of healthy check-up ,low platelet count patients of SLE patients treated before and after the inspection by Sysmex XE-5000 automatic blood cell analyzer immature platelet fraction (IPF) and other peripheral blood cell parameters .Results Group of patients with SLE and normal controls of IPF test results respectively was (5 .30 ± 3 .75)% ,(2 .74 ± 1 .05)% ,both comparative difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);SLE associated with throm-bocytopeniagroupofIPF[(10.14±3.66)% ],platelets(PLT)[(67.2±13.5)×109/L],meanplateletvolume(MPV)[(12.64± 0 .92)fL] ,platelet distribution width(PDW)[(18 .24 ± 1 .70)fL] compared with normal control group and SLE did not reduce plate-let group ,differences had statistical significance(P<0 .05);SLE associated with thrombocytopenia in patients with IPF respectively before and after treatment was (9 .76 ± 1 .82)% and (5 .86 ± 0 .96)% ,both comparative difference was statistically significant (P<0 . 05) .Conclusion The main cause of SLE patients with thrombocytopenia may be associated with peripheral blood platelet destruc-tion ,IPF′s result can reflect the bone marrow platelet production ,Help in the auxiliary diagnosis of disease and prognosis judg-ment .

Oxidation method with sodium iodide was used to synthesize immunogenic antigen (PF-BSA) and coating antigen (PF-OVA) of paeoniflorin. UV spectroscopy showed that paeoniflorin was successfully conjugated with BSA and OVA. After immunized by PF-BSA, the mice can produce anti-paeoniflorin antibodies specifically. The ELISA test results showed the high titer (1:12 800) and specificity (IC50 = 0.791 mg x L(-1)) of the antiserum from mice injected with PF-BSA. Also, the antiserum showed low cross activities against nine traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of small molecules. These artificial antigens were successfully synthesized and the anti-paeoniflorin antibody well prepared, which provides the experimental basis for the further study of ELISA and its kit.
Animals ; Antibodies ; analysis ; Antigens ; chemistry ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Monoterpenes ; chemistry ; immunology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; chemistry ; immunology

Paeoniflorin is the main active ingredient of Chinese herbaceous peony. This study is to investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin (Pae) on acute brain damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The mice were randomly assigned to the normal control, model control (LPS), as well as groups of paeoniflorin and lipopolysaccharide (Pae + LPS). Then the mice were administered intraperitioneally with normal saline or Pae (10, 30 mg · kg(-1)) once daily for 6 d. One hour after intrapertioneally treatment on the seventh day, each group were injected LPS (5 mg · kg(-1)) to establish the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide inflammation model except the normal group. The mice were sacrificed after 6 h and the brain homogenates were prepared and measured. The malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), succinatedehydrogenase (SDH), Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase were dectected by the colorimetric method. The levels of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein in subcellular fractions of brain tissue were detected by Western blot. The results demonstrated that the administration with paeoniflorin reduced the levels of the MDA production; significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GSH-PX). In addition, paeoniflorin could enhance the total antioxidant capacity, decrease the level of H2O2, and increase the activities of SDH, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-ATPase. Furthermore, paeoniflorin can increase the expression of HO-1 and activate the nuclear transfer of Nrf2. Taking together, these findings suggest that paeoniflorin alleviate the acute inflammation in mice brain damage induced by LPS, which is related with its antioxidant effect and improvement of energy metabolism.
Animals ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo compare the intervention effects of four traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with typical cold or hot property on body temperature and temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channel proteins (TRPs) of rats with yeast-induced fever.

METHODThe pyrexia model was induced by injecting yeast suspension subcutaneously. Totally 108 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma treated group, the Coptidis Rhizoma treated group, the Euodiae Fructus treated group, and the Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma treated group, with 18 rats in each group. At the 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after injection of yeast, the rats were sacrificed to collect their hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglion. The expressions of TRPV1 and TRPM8 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot method.

RESULTCompared with the normal group, after injection of yeast, the temperature of rats in the model group notably increased, and reached the peak at 8 h (P < 0.01). The TRPV1 level in hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the model group significantly increased, whereas the TRPM8 level significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group and the Coptidis Rhizoma group showed significant decrease in the high body temperature of rats caused by yeast, down-regulation in the expression of TRPV1, and up-regulation in the expression of TRPM8 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no significant effect on either temperature or TRPs of fever rats.

CONCLUSIONRhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, both are TCMs with cold property, can reduce the temperature of fever rats induced by yeast, which may be related to their effective regulation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 in hypothalamus and DRG, while Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no relevant effect.

Animals ; Antipyretics ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Body Temperature Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fever ; drug therapy ; immunology ; microbiology ; physiopathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; immunology ; TRPM Cation Channels ; genetics ; immunology ; TRPV Cation Channels ; genetics ; immunology

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of PEEP set according to pressure-volume (P-V) curve for one lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.MethodsOne hundred and twenty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 20-60 yr weighing 40-80 kg undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.Double lumen tube was inserted.Correct positioning was verified by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.The patients were mechanically ventilated.P-V curve was determined at 3 min of two-lung ventilation (TLV).Lower inflection point (LIP) was measured and the pressure at LIP (PLIP) was recorded.The patients were randomly divided into 5 groups (n ＝ 24 each):control group (group C) and 4 lung protective ventilation regimen groups ( groups P1-4 ).PEEP was set at 0 and VT was set at 10 ml/kg in group C.PEEP was set at 0 and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P1.PEEP was set at PLIP- 2 cm H2O and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P2.PEEP was set at PLIP and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P3.PEEP was set at PLIP + 2 cm H2O and VT was set at 6 ml/kg in group P4.Peak airway pressure (Ppeak),plateau airway pressure (Pplat),airway resistance (Raw) and lung compliance (CL ) were measured and recorded during OLV and TLV after a period of stabilization.Arterial blood samples were taken before induction of anesthesia and at 20 min of TLV and 20 min of OLV for blood gas analysis.Qs/Qt was calculated.Arterial blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of OLV for determination of plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α(by ELISA).ResultsCompared with group C,Ppeak and Pplat were significantly increased while Raw was decreased and plasma IL-6 concentration was significantly decreased at the end of OLV in group P4.PaCO2 was significantly higher during TLV and OLV in groups P1-4 than in group C.There was no significant difference in the parameters of respiratory mechanics,blood gases and plasma IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations among groups P1,2.3.Compared with groups P1,2,3,Ppeak and Pplat were significantly increased while plasma IL-6 concentration was decreased at the end of OLV in group P4.ConclusionMechanical ventilation with VT set at 6ml/kg and PEEP at PLIP + 2 cm H2 O provides best venfilatory efficacy for OLV in terms of oxygenation and inhibition of inflammatory response.

The relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation (TP) and protein expression of insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was investigated. The InsR expression and TP in skeleton muscle tissue were determined by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation in women with GDM (GDM group, n=22), normal pregnant women (normal pregnancy group, n=22) and normal non-pregnant women (normal non-pregnant group, n=13). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were measured by oxidase assay and immunoradioassay. The results showed that the levels of FPG (5.61±0.78 mmol/L), FINS (15.42±5.13 mU/L) and Homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) (1.21±0.52) in GDM group were significantly higher than those in normal pregnancy group (4.43±0.46 mmol/L, 10.56±3.07 mU/L and 0.80±0.31 respectively) (P<0.01). The levels of FINS and HOMA-IR in normal pregnancy group were significantly higher than those in normal non-pregnant group (7.56±2.31 mU/L and 0.47±0.26 respectively) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the InsR expression level among the three groups (P>0.05). TP of InsR with insulin stimulation was significantly decreased in GDM group (0.20±0.05) as compared with normal pregnancy group (0.26±0.06) (P<0.01). TP of InsR with insulin stimulation in normal pregnancy group was lower than that in normal non-pregnant group (0.31±0.06) (P<0.01). TP of InsR with insulin stimulation was negatively related with HOMA-IR in GDM group (r=-0.525, P<0.01). There was no correlation between the protein expression of InsR and HOMA-IR in GDM group (r=-0.236, P>0.05). It was suggested that there is no significant correlation between the protein expression of InsR in skeletal muscle and IR in GDM, but changes in TP of InsR are associated with IR in GDM.

Objective To investigate the technological feasibility,efficacy and morbidity of cr guided ~(125)Ⅰseed implantation for recurrent rectum cancer.Methods Twenty-three patients with recurrent rectum cancer were treated with cr guided interstitial ~(125)Ⅰseed brachytherapy.In 20 patients the procedure was performed under epidural anesthesia and 3 patients under local anesthesia.Treatment planning system was used to calculate the number of seeds,the space distribution and the introduction of the seeding needles.Matched peripheral dose (MPD) of ~(125)Ⅰseed implantation ranged from 90-120 Gy for patients who had had external radiotherapy,and 140- 160Gy for those who had not.The planning target volume(PTV)was clinical target volume(CTV)plus 1 cm margin.The range of radioactivity of the ~(125)Ⅰseeds was 18.5-25.9 MBq.All these 23 patients had CT scan at 5 mm intervals after implantation for quality evaluation,together with routine chest,pelvic X-ray films within 24-48 hours after seed implantation.Three patients received three-dimensioual conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) to a total dose of45-50 Gy,with 2-3 Gy/f.Follow-up time was from 3 to 28 months.Results All patients was able to tolerate seed implantation well.Complete pain relief was observed in 12/15,and partial relief in 2/15 and no response in 1/15,with a response rate of 93%.The local control rate was 87%.The 1-and 2-year survival rate was 93% and 50% respectively.Two of four patients have died of dissemination to the lung after 8 and 12 months. One seed has migrated into the pelvis without causing any untoward morbidity.Conclusion CT guided ~(125)Ⅰseed implantation for recurrent rectum cancer is safe,minimally invasive,causing only mild morbidity.It possesses a high efficacy,yet it should be given in combination with external beam radiation and chemotherapy,should distant metastasis be observed.

OBJECTIVES: The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the 9th revision of the KFCT. METHODS: Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the 9th revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines. RESULTS: The 9th revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the 8th revision. CONCLUSIONS: The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.
Biotin ; Carbohydrates ; Cooperative Behavior ; Data Accuracy ; Iodine ; Korea ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition Surveys ; Private Sector ; Selenium ; Social Planning

OBJECTIVES: The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the 9th revision of the KFCT. METHODS: Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the 9th revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines. RESULTS: The 9th revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the 8th revision. CONCLUSIONS: The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.
Biotin ; Carbohydrates ; Cooperative Behavior ; Data Accuracy ; Iodine ; Korea ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutrition Surveys ; Private Sector ; Selenium ; Social Planning