Effect of organic acids on the synthesis of 1,3 propanediol was studied.The adsorption of organic acids from glycerol fermentation liquor by ion-exchange resins was investigated.The results showed that organic acid and 1,3 propanediol production was in negative relationship.The static adsorption showed that ion-exchange resin 005 had the best adsorption abilities of the organic acids in the glycerol fermentation liquor.It was showed that the yield of 1,3propanediol increased by 166% after the extraction of organic acids from glycerol fermentation liquor and the convertion rate increased by 34%.

Aim To investigate the effects of metformin on phospho-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(p-STAT3) expression in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with bone cancer pain(BCP).Methods Healthy female SD rats weighing 200~220 g were randomly divided into four groups(n=12 each): Sham+NS, Sham+Metformin, BCP+NS, BCP+Metformin groups.Normal saline or metformin(200 mg·kg-1) was given intraperitoneally once a day at 7~14 day after surgery in four groups.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT) was measured on-1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14 day after BCP.The L4-6 segments of spinal cords were used to detect the expression of p-STAT3 by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining technique after the behavioral test was completed on day 14.Results Intraperitoneal injection of metformin reversed hyperalgesia and suppressed the expression of p-STAT3 in BCP rats.Conclusion Metformin can attenuate BCP by inhibiting the expression of p-STAT3 in the spinal dorsal horn.

OBJECTIVETo estimate the feasibility of 16-multidetector spiral computed tomography (16-MDCT) on detecting coronary plaques in comparison with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

METHODSSixty-eight patients suspected of coronary heart diseases were examined by 16-MDCT, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and IVUS. Coronary stenosis was defined as lumen diameter reduction (DS) >or= 50%. Hounsfield units (HU) were used to determine different types of plaques: soft plaque (or= 120 HU).

RESULTSCompared to QCA, the sensitivity and the specificity for patients with DS >or= 50% were 91.8% (112/122) and 97.8% (556/568) respectively, the positive and negative predictive value were 90.3% (112/124) and 98.2% (556/566) respectively. In 96 plaques evaluated both by 16-MDCT and IVUS, 20 and 21 soft plaques, 37 and 36 fibrous plaques, 39 and 38 calcified plaques were identified by 16-MDCT and IVUS respectively. HU value of soft (11 +/- 36), fibrous (83 +/- 20), and calcified (292 +/- 80) plaques were significantly different (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSNoninvasive 16-MDCT could correctly estimate coronary stenosis and coronary plaques compositions.

Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Objective To study the clinical significance of fecal smear examination on diagnosing intestinal flora imbalance in infantile diarrhea.Methods A sterile cotton swab was used to spread a layer of fresh feces quantum satis from a sterile container on a clean slide;the smear was fixed and stained with Gram′s methods after it was air-dried,then the specimen was observed with a microscopy(field lens 100 ? eye lens 10) and recorded.Results In the acute diarrhea group(40 cases),the distribution feature of 3 floras on the fecal smears:≥50% Gram-negative bacilli in 6 cases(15%),≥50% Gram-positive cocci in 30 cases(75%) and ≥68% Gram-positive bacilli in 4 cases(10%).In the delayed and chronic diarrhea group(62 cases),the distribution feature of 3 floras on the fecal smears:≥50% Gram-negative bacilli in 7 cases(11.29%),≥50% Gram-positive cocci in 44 cases(70.97%) and ≥68% Gram-positive bacilli in 6 cases(9.68%).In the normal control group(32 cases),the distribution feature of 3 floras on the fecal smears:≥50% Gram-negative bacilli in 1 case(3.13%),≥50% Gram-positive cocci in 1 case(3.13%),and ≥68% Gram-positive bacilli in 17 cases(53.13%).For the distribution of 3 floras in the 3 groups,chi-squared test was performed,and the results showed that the difference was significant in Gram-positive cocci(?~2=47.76 P0.05).Conclusions Acute,delayed or chronic diarrhea can lead to flora imbalance.In order to timely and rapidly know the flora imbalance in children with diarrhea,clinically the simple,easily operated and practical smear staining method shall be widely applied.

OBJECTIVETo establish osteoblast model, primary cilla model was removed by chloral hyrate, observe effects of osteoblast primary cilla moved on enhancing ALP staining and calcified nodules staining in electromagnetic field.

METHODSThree 3-day-old male SD rats weighed between 6 and 9 g were killed, cranial osteoblast was drawed and adherencing cultured respectively. Cells were subcultured and randomly divided into 4 groups until reach to fusion states. The four groups included chloral hydrate non-involved group (control group), 2 mM, 4 mM and 8 mM chloral hydrate group, and cultured in 37 °C, 5% CO2 incubator for 72 h. Morphology of primary cilla was observed by laser confocal scanning microscope, and incidence of osteoblast primary cilia was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Cells in the correct concentration group which can removed cillia most effectively were selected and divided into 3 groups, including control group (C), Electromagnetic fields group (EMFs), and EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group. DMEM nutrient solution contained 10%FBS were added into three groups and cultured for 9 days and formation of ALP were observed by histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase. After 12 days' cultivation, formation of mineralization nodes was observed by alizarin red staining.

RESULTSCompared with control group and 2mM chloral hydrate group,4 mM chloral hydrate group could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilla (P<0.01). Removal of osteoblast primary cilla could weaken the formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast in EMFS. Compared with EMFs group, the area of ALP and mineralization nodes in EMFs with 4 mM chloral hydrate group were decreased obviously (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION4mM chloral hydrate could effectively remove osteoblast primary cilia. Primary cilla participate in EMFs promoting formation of ALP and mineralization nodes in osteoblast and provide new ideas for exploring mechanism of EMFs promoting osteoblast maturation and mineralization.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloral Hydrate ; pharmacology ; Cilia ; drug effects ; enzymology ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo compare the ability of osthole (OST) and genistein (GEN) in enhancing bone peak bone mass of rats to prevent osteoporosis.

METHODSThirty-six female one-month-old SD rats of (125 +/- 3) g body weight were randomly divided into three groups, 12 rats in each group, one group was orally administered osthole at 9 mg x kg(-1) d(-1), one group was given genistein at 10 mg x kg(-1) d(-1) and another was given equal quantity of distilled water as the control. The body weight was monitored weekly and the bone mineral density (BMD) of total body was measured every month. All rats were sacrificed after three months, the femoral bone mineral density, the serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and anti-tartaric acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) were measured by Elisa. The bone microarchitectures were analyzed with micro-CT and the bone biomechanics properties were tested with universal material machine.

RESULTSNo significant differences were observed between O-treated or GEN group and the control for the food-intake and body weight during three months. However, the rats treated with OST had significant higher BMD for both total body and femur than the control and GEN group. The O-treated rats also had higher level of serum OC and lower level of TRACP 5b. Besides, they owned bigger bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number but smaller trabecular spacing. In the three point bending tests of femurs,they were found to have larger maximum load, the young's modulus and structural model index (SMI).

CONCLUSIONOrally administered osthole could efficiently increase the peak bone mass of rats,which provide new ideas for preventing osteoporosis.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; pathology ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; Bone Diseases ; drug therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Iodophors ; administration & dosage ; Joint Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suppuration ; drug therapy ; Therapeutic Irrigation

The mitochondrion is a particularly important organelle in eukaryotic cells. It contains its own genetic material and is coined as “the powerhouse of cells”. Mitochondria are involved in many cellular progresses such as cell signaling and metabolic homeostasis. Its dysfunction is linked to various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Mitochondrion has a unique DNA, a small size with 16 569 bp circular genome, encoding only 37 genes, which are key components of the electron transport chain (ETC) and translational machinery. Furthermore, the mutations of mitochondrion DNA correlate with some inherited disease such as Leber’ s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). There are very few treatments to fully cure these diseases. As a result, researchers are interested in developing a wide range of methods to understand mitochondrial functions. In this review, we mainly focus on works in targeting mitochondrial DNA, including drug modification, material delivery and gene editing.

Objective:To develop the method based on deep learning to predict the dose distribution of breast-conserving postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) for breast cancer, and to evaluate accuracy of the prediction model.Methods:The data of 110 left-sided breast-conserving postoperative IMRT for breast cancer patients were reviewed, among them, 80 cases were randomly selected for training set, 10 cases for validation set and the remaining 20 cases were used as test set.Firstly, the four-channel characteristics of the patients′ computed tomography(CT) images, regions of interest, distances between voxel and planning target volume(PTV), and corresponding dose distributions were taken as input data.The established U-Net was used for training and obtaining prediction model which was utilized to perform dose prediction on the test set, in order to verify the influence of the features of distance between voxel and PTV in dose prediction, and to compare the dose prediction result with the actual manual planned dose.Results:By incorporating the features of distance between voxel and PTV, the model achieved higher accuracy in predicting the dose distribution.The dose scores and dose volume histogram(DVH) scores of the testing set, consisting of 20 patients, were 2.10±0.18 and 2.28±0.08, respectively, and the predicted dose distribution was closer to the manually planned distribution( t=2.52, 2.40, P<0.05). The deviation between the predicted doses of the PTV and the organ at risk (OAR) and the manually planned doses were within 4%, the average dose to the contralateral breast was increased by 13 cGy, all of them within the clinically acceptable range. Except for the statistically significant differences in D2, D98( Di represents the dose received by i%of the PTV volume), Dmean(mean dose) of PTV 60 and V5( Vi was the volume percentage of OAR receiving i Gy dose.), Dmeanof the ipsilateral lung ( t=3.74, 2.91, 2.99, 3.47, 2.29, P < 0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in other parameters. Conclusions:The deep learning-based method can accurately predict the dose distribution of breast-conserving postoperative IMRT for breast cancer, and it has been proven through experiments that by incorporating the features of distance between voxel and PTV can effectively improve the prediction accuracy, which helps physicists to improve the quality and consistency of treatment planning.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on serum leptin concentration and the metabolic parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

METHODSSerum leptin levels and true insulin (TI) levels were measured before and after one night nCPAP therapy in 18 patients. Eight patients received regular nCPAP treatment and had no change of body weight (BMI change < or = 1.5 kg/m2 from baseline) were recruited to the reassessment study 7.5 months after therapy.

RESULTSAfter one night use of nCPAP, there was a significant decrease in serum leptin [(8.47 +/- 0.62) microg/L vs (7.32 +/- 0.64) microg/L, P = 0.022] without change in other parameters. After 7.5 months of nCPAP treatment, serum leptin levels continued to decrease significantly without changes in BMI [(8.35 +/- 0.83) microg/L vs (6.05 +/- 0.78) microg/L; P = 0.036), and fast blood glucose (FBG) and true insulin (TI) also decreased significantly (P = 0.036) in OSAHS patients. However, triglyceral (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) maintained the pretreatment level (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSOSAHS may have significant effects on the serum leptin levels and the correction of sleep disordered breathing by nCPAP can reduce the serum leptin levels. Decrease of leptin was independent of BMI change. The glucose metabolic disturbance and insulin resistance in OSAHS were improved after 7.5 months of nCPAP treatment.

Adult ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; Male ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; therapy