Objective: The research aims at examining the reliability and validity of the self-designed English Self-efficacy Questionnaires(ESEQ).Methods: It was conducted with 669(501,168) non-English major college students as its subjects.Results: ①ESEQ consisted of 17 items and two sub-questionnaires: English learning behavior efficacy(ESEQ1),English learning ability efficacy(ESEQ2).②ESEQ,ESEQ1 and ESEQ2 all reached a set standard of reliability and validity.③English self-efficacy of female students was remarkably higher than that of their male counterparts(P

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Consensus ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Vessels ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided ; methods ; Tumor Burden

Objective To study the influence of sivelestat sodium on platelets activity,injury and count during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)in dogs.Methods Twelve adult health dogs were randomly divided into control group (group C,n=6)and sivelestat sodium group (group S,n=6). Sivelestat sodium at 15 mg/kg was administrated intravenously before the establishment of CPB and then was maintained intravenously at 10 mg·kg-1·h-1 to the end of CPB in the group S,and the same volume of saline was used in the group S.The levels of neutrophil elastase (NE),malondialdehyde (MDA),granular membrane protein-140 (GMP-140),thromboxaneB2 (TXB2 ),the count of plate-lets and the hematocrit (Hct)were measured before CPB,15 and 45 min after cross-clamping and 30, and 60 min after aortic unclamping in both groups.Results The levels of NE,GMP-140,TXB2 at T2-T5 and MDA at T3-T5 were significantly higher than those at T1 in both groups;moreover the lev-els were significantly lower in group S than group C (P<0.05).The levels of Plt at T2-T5 were sig-nificantly lower than those at T1 in both groups;moreover the levels were significantly higher in group S than group C (P <0.05).Conclusion Sivelestat sodium reduced the levels of plasma NE, MDA,GMP-140,TXB2 inhibited the activation of Plt,and decreased the injury and consumption of Plt,which presents the protective effects for Plt during CPB.

Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) is a valuable unique herb, and is also one of the very fast developed varieties of traditional Chinese medicines in recent years with increasing role in traditional Chinese medicine industry. This paper summarized the main experience, industry development and present situation, pointed out the main problems existing in the industry development. On this basis, we put forward the targets and measures for the development of the Sanqi industry in to provide decision-making reference for the sustainable development of the Sanqi industry in China.
China ; Drug Industry ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; economics ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Shenfu Injection (SFI) on erythrocyte immunity function of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSTwenty patients scheduled for valve replacement were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e. , the SFI group and the control group, 10 in each. SFI 1 mL/kg was intravenously dripped before induction of anesthesia and SFI 1 mL/kg administered in priming solution in the SFI group, while only normal saline was given to those in the control group. Venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1), 30 min CPB (T2), immediate by the end of CPB (T3), and postoperative 24 h (T4) respectively in all groups. The levels of the rosette rate of RBC-C3b receptor (RBC-C3bRR), the rosette rate of RBC-immune complex (RBC-ICR), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), free hemoglobin (FHB), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the levels of RBC-C3bRR, RBC-ICR, plasma MDA, FHB, and IL-6 at T1 in both groups (P > 0.05). RBC-C3bRR at the rest time points was lower in the two groups than before induction of anesthesia. There was no statistical difference in FHB or IL-6 between T4 and T1 in the SFI group. The levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 increased in the two groups more than before induction of anesthesia at T2-4 ( P < 0.05). Besides, the RBC-C3b RR was lower, and levels of RBC-ICR, MDA, FHB, and IL-6 higher in the control group than in the SFI group, showing significant difference (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFI could decrease the generation of inflammatory mediators during CPB, improve the erythrocyte immune function of patients during CPB, and reduce the risk of postoperative infection.

Adult ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; blood ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Injections ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Complement 3b ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical result and assess clinical value of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a novel cerclage cable technique for treatment of unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in senile patients.

METHODSForty-eight consecutive patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were treated in our hospital from March 2001 to March 2006 (Evans type III in 11 cases, Evans type IV in 25 cases and Evans type V in 22 cases). All the cases were evaluated by Zuckerman functional recovery score (FRS) and operative risk assessment software 1 (ORAS1), which were based on the patients' physical and laboratory examinations preoperatively. Seventeen cases (19 hips) were treated with cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty. There were 5 male cases (5 hips) and 12 female cases (14 hips, including 2 patients who suffered from additional slight injuries and resulted in contralateral hip fracture and were treated with the same procedure 3 months after the first operation). The average age was 85 years (78-95 years). All the operations were carried out under general anesthesia, through Southern incision and lateral approach by the same orthopaedic surgeon. All prostheses consisted of Link SPII femoral stem and bipolar femoral head. All patients were followed up for more than 30 days.

RESULTSThe operative risks of all the 17 cases (19 hips) were calculated by ORAS1 preoperatively. The average preoperative FRS was 81.7 (80.7-82.7). The average predictive value of operative morbidity was 10% (7%-15%). The average predictive value of mortality was 2.97% (2.1%-3.2%). The average operation time was 1.5 hours. The average blood transfusion was 400 ml. There were no operative or anesthetic complications and no deaths within 30 days after operation. Sitting up was permitted 3 to 4 days after operation, and partial weight bearing was permitted 5 to 7 days after operation. Patients were allowed to walk with a walker 10 days after operation. The average FRS was 78.7 at 30 days postoperatively. No patient died during at least one year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the value of the technique of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric hip fracture is not widely recognized, we have consistently achieved satisfactory results with strict preoperative risk assessment, strict indication selection and systematic postoperative rehabilitation.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Bone Cements ; Female ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

This study was aimed to establish the reliable genotyping method of human platelet antigens of HPA-15 system by PCR-SSP and to use this assay in the further HPA genotyping of volunteer platelet donors. 3 sequence-specific primers recommended by the 11th Platelet Genotyping and Serology Workshop on behalf of International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) were synthesized. The concentration of each primer pair, the concentration of Mg(2+) and the PCR conditions were adjusted to optimize the conditions so that HPA-15 system could be specific amplified. The accuracy and reliability of the developed assay was evaluated and confirmed by typing the coded DNA samples provided by the 11th Platelet Genotyping and Serology Workshop. As a parallel control, a total of 50 volunteer platelet donors in Shenzhen were genotyped by both our assay and the G&T commercial kit at HPA-15 system. 10 coded samples distributed by the 11th Platelet Genotyping and Serology Workshop were genotyped by established PCR-SSP method. The results showed that a concordance rate of 100% was observed between the results obtained by established PCR-SSP method and the results provided by ISBT report. The HPA gene frequencies observed in 50 randomly-selected platelet donors in Shenzhen were 0.5100 and 0.4900 for HPA-15a and HPA-15b respectively. In conclusion, PCR-SSP assay established in our study provides a simple, rapid and accurate method for HPA-15 system genotyping, which assay is suitable for routine clinical HPA genotyping and shows a broad prospect in its further applications.
Antigens, CD ; genetics ; immunology ; Antigens, Human Platelet ; genetics ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Genotype ; Humans ; Isoantigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils middle and micro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong were determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTAll the micro elements (except Ca, Mg) of interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were significantly higher than those of new soil. All the middle and micro elements (except B) of interval 5 years soil were significantly higher than those of the continuous cropping soil. Planting patterns had remarkable influence on the content of Mn, Cu, B, but not Zn Ca, Mg. Cu, Ca under the 3 planting patterns, and Zn under the continuous cropping pattern did not show significant quarter changes. B content increased with the elongation of implantation time. Zn in new soil and interval 5 years also increased with prolonging of planted time. Mg, Mn and Cu content reached to peak value on April next year, and reached to minimum on the end of this experiment. Compared with new soil, the proportion of Mn, Cu in total elements increased by 29%, 114%, Mg, B decreased by 18%, 38%, Zn and Ca changed slightly of interval 5 years soils; In continuous cropping soil, Mn, Cu and B increased by 50%, 120%, 22%, respectively, but Zn, Ca, Mg had no significant change.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern could not induce the deficient of soil middle and micro elements, and thereafter might not result in continuous cropping obstacles. But the imbalance proportional of soil middle and micro elements in P. notoginseng plant soils may be one of the main reasons for continuous cropping obstacles.

China ; Kinetics ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Trace Elements ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils macro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of total N, P, K and available N, P, K in soil from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong was determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTContents order of soil total N, P and available N, P were interval 5 years soil > continuous cropping soil > new soil. No significant quarter change on soil total N was found, but the other three showed inverted "v" curve, and the peak value appeared on April 2010. Content of soil total K did not change significantly, but the available K content order was new soil > continuous cropping soil > interval 5 years soil, the quarter change was similar as soil available N or P. The soil total N, P, K and available N, P, K were different of the 4 monitoring sites under the 3 interval planting modes. There was a significant correlation between soil total P and available P under all these 3 interval planting modes, but N and K. The propitiation of N-P-K of new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were 1: 0.4: 2.4, 1: 0.4:1.4, 1:0. 4:2.0, respectively.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern induce the accumulation of P, but deficient of K. The imbalance proportion of N, P and K was one of the incentives of continuous cropping induced obstacles. Strengthen the research of optimum proportion of soil N, P and K, and then eliminate continuous cropping obstacles by means of formulated fertilization is the future research direction.

Agriculture ; methods ; Breeding ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; metabolism ; Potassium ; analysis ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Soil ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop a reliable assay for simultaneous sequence-based typing (SBT) of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, and to apply it for the study of allelic polymorphisms in southern Chinese Han population.

METHODSBased on full-length HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 allelic sequences, locus-specific PCR primers were designed and applied to amplify the target sequence encompassing the entire exon 2 of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1. PCR products were purified with magnetic beads, and run through an ABI 3730 DNA sequencer. Genotypes were assigned with an Assign 3.5 SBT software.

RESULTSThe target sequences of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 were both amplified with the PCR procedure. Little background and noise was observed in the derived sequences. Among 176 non-related healthy individuals, 4 HLA-DPA1 alleles with the frequencies of DPA1*02:02 (0.589) > DPA1*01:03 (0.284) > DPA1*02:01 (0.096) > DPA1*04:01 (0.031) were identified. In addition, 14 HLA-DPB1 alleles, including 4 common alleles (with a frequency of more than 5%, namely DPB1*05:01, DPB1*02:01, DPB1*04:01 and DPB1*02:02), 7 alleles with a frequency ranging from 1%-5% and 3 alleles with a frequency of less than 1% were identified. The results of HLA-DPB1 genotyping were all in accordance with the typing results derived from an Atria AlleleSEQR HLA-DPB1 kit.

CONCLUSIONA reliable technique has been established for simultaneous genotyping of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, which may have a broad application in population and disease association studies.

Alleles ; Base Sequence ; DNA Fingerprinting ; methods ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA-DP alpha-Chains ; genetics ; HLA-DP beta-Chains ; genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; methods ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Genetic