With the reform of means and methods of teaching,experimental teaching and the establishment of training bases of environmental hygiene,a survey of teaching effects and demands among the students of preventive medicine was conducted through questionnaire,in order to explore the appropriate way for environmental education.

Objective Through the investigations of university students’and middle school students’ grasping situation of wetland elementary knowledge and their attitude toward wetland protection,the situation in propaganda and education of wetland protection and the congnition of wetland function,to identify some problems and to adopt the corresponding measures. Methods Using the stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 480 students of two urban and rural middle school and two universities. Results There were significant differences on the farmiliar degree to basic concepts of wetland protection,the methods of acquiring wetland knowledge and the understanding of wetland function among the urban and rural middle school students, arts and science university students. Conclusions The study subjects have many shortages in the consciousness and knowledge of wetland protection, and the special propaganda and education of the wetland protection should be carried out.

Aim To evaluate the effect and mechanism of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and Cysteine protease aspartic acid-3(Caspase-3) inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)implants in nude mice by nanometer magnetic interferon-?2b liposome targeting therapy.Methods Thirty nude mices bearing human HCC were divided into 5 groups of 6 mice:group 1,saline(NS);group 2,free interferon-?2b group(IFN);group 3,interfe-ron-?2b liposome group(IL);group 4,magnetic liposome group(ML);group 5,nanometer magnetic interferon-?2b liposome group(MIL).Above dosage of 200 ?l/nude mice was respectively injected through the caudal vein in these 6 groups.Meantime,magnetic field with the strength of 5000 GS was added to the tumor surface about 30 min,and this therapy was done three times.After 30 days,the mices were killed and the tumors were taken out.The difference at the mRNA expression level of VEGF and Caspase-3 was observed by RT-PCR between the experimental group and control group.The protein expression level of VEGF and Caspase-3 was detected by western blot between the experimental group and control group.Results Targeting therapy study in nude mice bearing human HCC displayed that the growth speed of tumor in the MIL group significantly slowed down than other groups.The tumor inhibition rate of MIL group was 62.50%,which was remarkably higher than those of the IFN group(27.61%) and IL group(28.17%).RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of VEGF of MIL group is the lowest of all groups(P

Acquired chromosomal translocations can be identified in nearly 50% of human acute myeloid leukemias. The common chromosomal translocation in this disease is t(8;21) (q22;q22). It involves the aml1 (runx1) gene on chromosome 21 and the eto (mtg8, runx1t1) gene on chromosome 8 generating the aml1/eto fusion gene. An initial model for its pathogenesis emphasized the conversion of a hematopoietic transcriptional activator AML1 into a leukemogenic repressor which blocked myeloid differentiation at the level of target gene regulation. Aml1/eto fusion genes inhibit key hematopoietic transcription factor that function as tumor suppressors at several nodal point during hematopoietic differentiation. A new model is presented in which aml1/eto coordinates expansion of the stem cell compartment with diminished lineage commitment and with genome instability. In this review, the molecular role of aml1/eto fusion gene and his transcribed isoforms in regulating stem renewal, blocking hematopoietic differentiation and interacting with various lineage-specific transcription factors are summarized.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein

Objective To determine the frequency of depression in patients with Parkinson' s disease(PD) and healthy controls over 50 years of age and to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of PD with depression(PDD) in Nanjing.Methods One hundred and twenty-six PD patients were diagnosed and assessed using Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).The frequency,characteristics and influencing factors of depression were statistically analyzed,and the factor analysis of HAMD was carried out.Also,one hundred and twenty-four healthy subjects over the age of 50 were selected as the control group.Ressults The incidence of depression in PD group was 48.4％ ( 61/126):15.1％ (19/126) for mild depression,27.8％ (35/126) for moderate depression,5.6％ (7/126) for severe depression.The incidence of depression in the control group was 9.7％ (12/124):5.7％ (7/124) for mild depression,2.4％ (3/124) for moderate depression,1.6％ (2/124) for severe depression.There was a significant difference between these two groups( x2 =45.36,P ＜ 0.01 ).Univariate and Logistic regression analysis revealed that a high frequency of depression occurred in patients with long PD duration,high H-Y stage and UPDRS Ⅲ.According to each factor analysis of HAMD,the scores of cognitive impairment,tardiness,anxiety and sleep disturbances of the PD patients with depressive syndromes were higher than that of the control group.Conclusion Depression is a relatively common complication of PD in Nanjing which is associated with long PD duration,severity of motor disturbances and increasing H-Y stage.

Cause of Death ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; etiology ; mortality ; Head Injuries, Penetrating ; etiology ; mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Sphenoid Sinus ; surgery

Objective：To confirm the effects of the macrophages and NO in the fibrosis formation of transplanted kidneys with chronic rejection. Methods：The quantitive immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the changes of relative quantitiy of macrophages, NO, collagen Ⅲ andⅣ， and to reveal the association between the increases of macrophages， NO， histopathologic damages, deposition of collagen Ⅲ and Ⅳ, finally, to infer the roles of the macrophages and NO in the fibrosis formation of transplanted kidneys with chronic rejection. Results: The macrophages accumulated and increased in the glomeruli, the tubules and the intersiticia tissue of kidneys, which was companied by the increased expression of collagen Ⅲ and Ⅳ during the early and middle stages. However, the macrophages and NO could not be detected, which was companied by the decreased deposition of collagen Ⅲ and Ⅳduring the advanced stage. There were significant differences between the 3 types(glomerulus disease type,blocking vessel type and intersticial sclerostic type) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion：The increase of macrophages and the NO may closely interrelated with the fibrosis formation in transplanted kidneys with chronic rejection.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of dynamic enhanced-CT in differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.

METHODSSixty-three solitary pulmonary nodules were evaluated by dynamic enhanced multi-slice CT. Images were obtained before and at 20 s, 30 s, 45 s, 60 s, 75 s, 90 s, 120 s, 180 s, 300 s, 540 s, 720 s, 900 s and 1200 s after the injection of contrast media. All lesion enhanced parameters and morphological features were recorded. The differences between benign and malignant nodules were analyzed. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of solitary pulmonary nodules were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic analysis.

RESULTSCT enhancement value at 120 s [(29.5 ± 30.2) HU vs. (32.5 ± 14.7) HU, P = 0.023], washout at 20 min [(36.5 ± 24.6) HU vs. (15.6 ± 16.6) HU, P = 0.044], washout ratio at 20 min [(36.5 ± 24.6)% vs. (17.8 ± 14.5)%, P = 0.006], slope of washout at 20 min [(0.006 ± 0.005)%/s vs. (0.002 ± 0.0016)%/s, P = 0.001], type II (24/42 vs. 4/21, P = 0.004) and III (5/42 vs. 9/21, P = 0.005) curves were significantly different between benign and malignant nodules. Using the above mentioned parameters, the results of receiver operator characteristic analysis had a sensitivity of 64.3% and specificity of 84.2% for identification of malignant tumors. The morphological features including round-like, triangle-like, multi-angle, spiculation, light lobulation, the degree of edge (sharp, clear, blur), vessel convergence sign, vacuole sign, airing of bronchi, cut-off of the bronchi and depression of pleura were significantly different between benign and malignant nodules. The results of ROC analysis showed that the above mentioned morphological features had a sensitivity of 92.9% and specificity of 100% for differentiating malignant tumors from benign nodules. The results of ROC analysis showed that combination of morphological features and dynamic enhancement parameters had a sensitivity of 95.2% and specificity of 100% for identification of malignant tumors.

CONCLUSIONSDynamic enhanced CT images can evaluate morphological and enhancement features of solitary pulmonary nodules. Combination of morphological features and enhancement characteristics can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hamartoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Tuberculoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on immune function of premature rats.

METHODSRHuEPO of 250 IU/(kg.t) or 500 IU/(kg.t) was administered to premature rats every other day for nineteen days. The control premature rats were received normal saline. The changes of hemoglobin (Hb), serum erythropoietin (EPO), red blood cell (RBC) immune function, T lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness, and production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were observed.

RESULTSPremature rats showed lower levels on Hb, RBC immune function, T cell responsiveness and production of TNF-alpha compared with mature rats at birth. The postnatal declines of Hb and RBC immune function were lessened in the treated groups of premature rats, the higher dosage group of 500 IU/(kg.t) was more significant than the lower dosage group of 250 IU/(kg.t). When experiments were over, Hb of control premature rats was (7.72 +/- 0.89) g/dl, Hb of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (10.08 +/- 0.90) g/dl (P < 0.01). C3b-R% of control premature rats was (11.00 +/- 0.95)%, C3b-R% of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (17.75 +/- 1.04)% (P < 0.01). IC-R% in control premature rats was (12.83 +/- 1.33)%, IC-R% of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (10.50 +/- 1.67)% (P < 0.01). The postnatal rise of T cell responsiveness and the production of TNF-alpha in premature rats increased in the treated groups, which was more significant in the higher dosage group of 500 IU/(kg.t) than in the lower dosage group of 250 IU/(kg.t). The OD index of control premature rats was 0.159 +/- 0.014, the OD index of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was 0.354 +/- 0.050 (P < 0.01). TNF-alpha in control premature rats was (0.270 +/- 0.014) ng/ml, TNF-alpha of premature rats received 500 IU/(kg.t) was (0.415 +/- 0.010) ng/ml (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS(1) Premature rats had lower RBC immune function and T cell responsiveness and underproduction of TNF-alpha at birth. (2) Premature rats had an improvement with the RBC immune function after rHuEPO administration. (3) Premature rats had improvements with T cell responsiveness and TNF-alpha after rHuEPO administration, and there was a positive correction between the RBC immune function and T cell responsiveness with the production of TNF-alpha.

Animals ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Erythropoietin ; blood ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo compare the intervention effects of four traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with typical cold or hot property on body temperature and temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channel proteins (TRPs) of rats with yeast-induced fever.

METHODThe pyrexia model was induced by injecting yeast suspension subcutaneously. Totally 108 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma treated group, the Coptidis Rhizoma treated group, the Euodiae Fructus treated group, and the Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma treated group, with 18 rats in each group. At the 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after injection of yeast, the rats were sacrificed to collect their hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglion. The expressions of TRPV1 and TRPM8 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot method.

RESULTCompared with the normal group, after injection of yeast, the temperature of rats in the model group notably increased, and reached the peak at 8 h (P < 0.01). The TRPV1 level in hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the model group significantly increased, whereas the TRPM8 level significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma group and the Coptidis Rhizoma group showed significant decrease in the high body temperature of rats caused by yeast, down-regulation in the expression of TRPV1, and up-regulation in the expression of TRPM8 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no significant effect on either temperature or TRPs of fever rats.

CONCLUSIONRhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, both are TCMs with cold property, can reduce the temperature of fever rats induced by yeast, which may be related to their effective regulation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 in hypothalamus and DRG, while Euodiae Fructus and Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma had no relevant effect.

Animals ; Antipyretics ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Body Temperature Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fever ; drug therapy ; immunology ; microbiology ; physiopathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; immunology ; TRPM Cation Channels ; genetics ; immunology ; TRPV Cation Channels ; genetics ; immunology