Objective To examine the caregivers' burden and quality of life (QOL) of main caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease by analyzing caregiver and patient-related factors. Methods A total of 53 cases with Parkinson's disease seen from October 2012 to December 2013 in Yantaishan hospital of Yantai City were selected. Assessments: (a) EuroQol-5 questionnaires, including: EQ-5 dimensions (EQ -5d) and visual analogue scale (VAS). (b) Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. (c) Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stage; (d) Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS), 15 items; (e) Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMD-14), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMA-24); (f) Chinese version of Zarit caregiver burden interview. Results Spearman correlation analysis showed that the EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS negatively correlated with HAMD-14 of caregivers of Parkinson diseasepatients (r=- 0.318, - 0.046) (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with H-Y staging (r=-0.592, -0.531), UPDRSI (r=-0.434, -0.316) , UPDRS Ⅱ (r=0.521, 0.513) , UPDRS Ⅲ (r=0.520, 0.534), UPDRS Ⅳ (r=0.564, 0.509), PDSS in patients with Parkinson's disease (r=0.547, 0.490), HAMD-14 (r=0.315, 0.350), HAMA-24 (r=0.413, 0.401) of Parkinson's disease patients (P<0.05). Caregiver burden was related with HAMD-14 (r=0.496), HAMA-24 (r=0.551),H-Y stage (r=0.697), PDSS (r=0.659), UPDRS Ⅰ-Ⅳ (r=0.538, 0.668, 0.696, 0.600), EQ-5D index of Parkinson disease patients (r=0.682), EQ-VAS of Parkinson disease patients (r=0.670) (P<0.05); and positively related with anxiety of caregivers (r=0.275) , and a negative correlation with the caregivers' quality of lives (r=0.665) (P<0.05). Bivariate analyses showed significant correlations between caregiver burden and patients' sleep, scores of Parkinson's motor symptoms, and caregivers' depression. Based on multiple regression analysis, Zarit score proved to be the main predictor of caregivers' QOL. Caregivers' age, total numbers of caregivers and H-Y stage also proved to be a relevant factor. Conclusion Improvement of patient's sleep, motor symptoms anddepression might alleviate caregivers' strain. There is a correlation between caregivers' burden and QOL. QOL of caregivers can be improved through reducing their care-burden.

AIM:To observe the effect of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation ( FAMT) in acute ocular chemical burns.
●METHODS:A prospective study of 25 consecutive cases (36 eyes) with acute ocular chemical burns were treated with FAMT. The clinical efficacy was observed such as the time of amniotic membrane absorbed, corneal epithelialization & transparency, visual acuities and complications.
●RESULTS: With follow-up ranged from 3 to 6mo, 31 eyes′ amniotic membrane were dissolved in 2wk (86%). A total of 33 eyes showed corneal epithelialization in 4wk ( 92%) , 3 eyes showed persistent corneal epithelial defects and need secondary limbal stem cell transplantation or corneal transplantation ( 8%) . A total of 10 eyes showed superficial corneal vascularization (28%), 6 eyes′ cornea were opacity in part (17%), and one eye was symblepharon (3%).
●CONCLUSION:Early FAMT is an effective treatment in the management of acute ocular chemical burns to support epithelial healing, restore ocular surface integrity with potential to improve vision and reduce the incidence of complications. Furthermore, FAMT has advantages of easily obtain and convenient usage, which is suitable in local hospital of our country.

In our previous work, we found that trivalent dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) have high affinity binding to cysteine residue 13 of rat hemoglobin. However, it is still unknown why arsenic intermediate metabolite DMA(III) has high binding affinity for Cysl3 but not for other cysteine residues 93, 140, 111 and 125. In order to better understand the molecular mechanism of DMA(III) with rat hemoglobin, we have done current study. So, SD rats were divided into control and arsenic-treated groups randomly. Arsenic species in lysate of red blood cells were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS, and then determined by a hybrid quadrupole TOF MS. In addition, trivalent DMA(III) binds to different cysteine residues in rat hemoglobin alpha and beta chains were also simulated by Molecular Docking. Only Cys13 in alpha chain is able to bind to DMA(III) from the experiment results. Cys13 of alpha chain in rat hemoglobin is a specific binding site for DMA(III), and we found that amino acids compose pockets structure and surround Cys13 (but not other cysteine residues), make DMA(III) much easy to bind cysteine 13. Taken together, the DMA(III) specific binding to Cys13 is related to spatial structure of Cys13.
Animals ; Arsenic ; metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cacodylic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cysteine ; metabolism ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To assess the feasibility and safety of adjustable loop-based purse-string technique in gastrotomy closure of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES).Methods Ten healthy female dogs were used in this study.Transgastric NOTES peritoneal exploration was performed in 5 groups (2 dogs in each) via various sites of the stomach ( greater curvature of the antrum; greater and lesser curvature of the body; anterior and posterior wall of the body).The gastric incision was then closed by using loop-based purse-string technique.Healing of the incision and intra-peritoneal infection were checked by endoscopy,necropsy,bacterial culture and histological examination 2 weeks later.Results The performance of NOTES peritoneal exploration and closure with purse-string technique was successful in ten dogs without significant complications.The mean operation time of closure was 7.3 ± 1.8 min.Minor bleeding occurred in 2 dogs (20％) during the incision of greater curvature of the antrum and body,which was controlled by electrocoagulation.Culture of the ascitic fluid and necropsy revealed no sign of abdominal infection or other complications except for adhesion in 1 dog ( 10％ ).The intact incision was confirmed by endoscopic,postmortem and histological examination,which suggested complete healing of the incision.Conclusion It is easy and safe to use loop-based purse-string technique for closure of multi-regional NOTES gastrotomy.This technology may be used for the repair of gastric ulcer perforation theoretically.

Objective To explore the level of patient safety culture of nurses, so as to provide more objective information for the developmental measures to improve patient safety culture. Methods 1 866 nurses from six grade-3 hospitals of a province were investigated by patient safety culture assessment scale. Results The total scores of patient safety culture of nurses was 3.57 ± 0.42, belongs to the middle-level. 5 factors in descending order according to the questionnaire scores was teamwork climate, safety climate, job Satisfaction,perception of management and stress recognition. The lower scores were the punishment of adverse events, job stress, work intensity, the staffing and so on. Conclusions It is very important that nurse managers should focus on improving a safer system in nursing, find out the potential risks, create a positive patient safety culture,and reduce or prevent adverse events of nursing in order to promote patient safety.

Arsenic trioxide has been used to treat lymphoma experimentally since it was used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia successfully. Massive works in this field have been done throughout the world. It was found that arsenic trioxide exerted an anti-lymphomatic effect via many pathways, and many substances could increase or reduce this effect. Arsenic trioxide can be used to treat relapsed and refractory lymphomas resistant to other chemotherapies with some therapeutic effects and limited side effects, which indicates that arsenic trioxide is a new potential drug for lymphoma. This article is an overview about these foundational and clinical studies.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; Oxides ; therapeutic use

A series of new pleuromutilins derivatives were designed and synthesized through coupling 2-aminothiazole ring of WL001 with different nitrogen-containing substituted heterocycles in the side chain. Their biological activities were evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinical bacteria in vitro Most new compounds displayed specificity to certain strain of bacteria. Particularly, compounds with saturated nitrogen-containing heterocycles exhibited significant antibacterial activities (0.062 5-8 µg · mL(-1)) superior or similar to those of amoxicillin, tiamulin and levofloxcin. Furthermore, treatment with 15a and 15b having piperidine or morpholine residues also could effectively inhibit Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, our novel findings may provide a new insight into the design of novel pleuromutilin derivatives and lay the basis for further studies on the treatment of drug-resistance of pathogenic bacteria.

Objective To investigate the potential role of angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)-angiotensinⅡreceptor 1 (ATRI) pathway on inflammatory activation in the lung of rats. Method Twenty four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, Ang II group, AngⅡ+losartan group and losartan group. Lung wet/dry weight (W/D) was recorded to assess lung injury. The total lung homogenates were prepared to detect nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) activation by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assary (EMSA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?mRNA expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by colorimetry. Plasma yon Willebrand Factor (vWF) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, pathological changes were examined under optical microscope. Results Histologically, alveolar edema, hemorrhage, and massive inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in AngⅡgroup, but not in control group and losartan group. Compared with AngⅡgroup, histological injury was lesser in AngⅡ+ losartan group. In AngⅡgroup, lung W/D, NF-?B activation, TNF-?mRNA expression, MPO, MDA and vWF were markedly higher than those in the other three groups. There were not significant differences of lung W/D, NF-?B activation, TNF-?mRNA expression, MPO, MDA and vWF in control group, AngⅡ+ losartan group and losartan group. Conclusions Systemic infusion of AngⅡcould up- regulate inflammatory mediator expression and induce lung injury in rats. AngⅡ, acting mainly through ATRI, induced inflammatory activation in the lung of rats.