Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To know the influence of short-term hard health education combined with net-working fellow-up on diabetes related costs. Methods Divided 83 diabetes patients into the experimental group (41 cases) and the control group (42 cases) randomly. Short-term hard health education combined with networking fellow-up and traditional health education was used in the two groups respectively, and then evaluat-ed the diabetes related costs between the two groups on the time points of the third, the sixth and the dozenth month. Results The costs of health products in the control group was significant higher than that of in the experimental group from the first month to the third month after the intervention, while the inspection expenses in the experimental group was significant higher than that of in the control group from the fourth month to the sixth month after the intervention. Conclusions Short-term bard health education can not change the average level of diabetes related costs, but it can change the constituent ratio of costs.

objective To evaluate the effect of intensive diabetes health education plus web-based follow-up program on metabolic control.Methods One hundred and fifteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were assigned to receive intensive diabetes health education plus web-based follow-up (treatment group,n=57) or conventional education program (control group,n=58).Hemoglobin Alc(HbAlc),body mass index (BMI),lipid profile,and blood pressure were compared at 3 or 6 month with baseline.Results At 3 month.the patients with HbAlc<6.5% in the treatment group was increased from 26.32% to 80.79%.At 6 month.HbAlC was decreased by 2.10% and 1.13% in the treatment or control group.In contrast to the control group,in the treatment group,the patient with BMI<24 increased from 43.86% to 68.42%.Neither groups showed significant changes in blood pressure.Conclusion Intensive diabetes education may be more effective than conventional program in improving metabolic control.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and make genetic diagnosis in the patients with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7).Methods Pedigree analysis and clinical examination were performed in one family with SCA7 by clinical findings,of which retinal morphology and visual electrophysiology were available on part numbers.The polymorphic cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeats in the encode region of SCA7 gene were detected by combining polymerase chain reaction with deoxyribonucleic acide (DNA) sequencing on 19 familial numbers and 12 controls.Results 6 patients were identified,who manifesting cerebellar ataxia,decreased visual acuity and colour vision defect,as was pigmentary retinopathy on fundoscopy;The 6 patients had not only extinction of the electroretinogram (ERG) but also remarkably reduced amplitudes of oscillatory potentials and flash-visual evoked potentials. On normal alleles CAG repeat size ranges from 8 to 25 repeats,wherease on mutated alleles of the 6 numbers it ranges from 50 to 97 repeats.The 6 numbers were diagnosised as SCA7 patients.One asymptomatic individual of this family,who displayed a normal allele with 18 CAG repeats and another containing abnormal expantion of 56 repeats,was diagnosised as a asymptomatic carrier whose age maybe still below the age of onset.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of SCA7 are heterogeneous,and the detection of CAG repeats can provide an effective way for the gene diagnosis and the prediction of asymptomatic patients.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the evidence regarding the association of parity and breast feeding duration with the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women. This was because studies have been inconsistent regarding the effect of parity and breast feeding duration on the risk of osteoporosis. METHODS: A systematic literature search of relevant studies published by December 26, 2018 was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, RISS, KISS, KMbase, and KoreaMed. Outcome estimates of odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference were pooled with fixed or random-effect model. In case of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Seven cross-sectional studies (with 3,813 subjects) were included in the analysis. OR for osteoporosis was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.88, P = 0.010) in postmenopausal women with higher parity compared to those with less parity. Moreover, OR for osteoporosis was 1.93 (95% CI = 1.28–2.93, P = 0.002) in postmenopausal women with longer durations of breast feeding than in those with shorter durations of breast feeding. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that duration of breast feeding increased the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women. More cohort studies with high quality research designs are needed to confirm our results.
Bone Density ; Breast Feeding ; Breast ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoporosis ; Parity ; Population Characteristics ; Postmenopause ; Research Design

Background Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a serious ocular disease which may cause blindness.The primary pathogenesis of NVG is ischemic retinopathy derived by central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).Clinical characteristics of NVG are variable based on the difference of primary diseases,such as CRVO and DR.However,there is a few studies regarding the diffcrcnces of NVG initiated by CRVO and DR.Objective This study was to compare the clinical characteristics in NVG patients secondary to CRVO and DR.Methods A series case observational study was carried out in Hiserve Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2009 to June 2012.Twenty-nine eyes of 27 patients with NVG caused by CRVO (10 eyes of 10 patients) and DR (19 eyes of 17 patients) were included.The history of underlying diseases,course of NVG,intraocular pressure(IOP),fundus findings and complications after treatment were analyzed and compared between the CRVO-derived NVG and DR-derived NVG.All patients underwent panretinal photocoagulation,improving microcirculation therapy,anti-glaucoma (drug or surgery) and causative disease treatment,and some of them received vitrectomy or/and cataract surgery.Two eyes from each group received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.The follow-up time in both groups was (14.00±10.13) months and (17.89±12.52) months,respectively.Results The median time of underlying disease was 3.3 months (2 weeks to 6 months) in the CRVO patients and 11.1 months (4 to 36 mouths) in the DR patients,with a significant difference between them (Z =-2.40,P＜0.05).CRVO-derived NVG progress was much faster than that of DR-derived NVG.The number of the eyes with visual acuity improvement after treatment was 2 in the CRVO-derived NVG and 15 in the DR-derived NVG;while the number of the eyes with unchanged or worse visual acuity was 8 and 4 in the CRVO-derived NVG eyes and the DR-derived NVG eyes (x2 =9.38,P＜0.01).The difference of IOP in pre-and post-treatment was (37.00±9.91)mmHg in the CRVOderived NVG eyes and (8.92±12.05)mmHg in the DR-derived NVG eyes,showing a significant difference between them (t =6.30,P＜0.01).In the CRVO-derived NVG eyes,optic disc edema,retinal hemorrhage,and vein dilatation were seen in 6 eyes,and mild optic disc edema and retinal hemorrhage were observed in 4 eyes.After treatment,fundus could not be seen in 4 eyes,in other 2 eyes optic disc and retinal laser spots were unclearly observed.In addition,pale optic disc and retinal vessel occlusion appeared in 2 eyes,and silver wire-like arteries exhibited in 2 eyes.In pre-treated DR-derived NVG eyes,fundus could not be seen in 8 eyes and Ⅲ-Ⅳv stages of DR findings appeared in 11 eyes.After treatment,retinopathy was stabilized in 16 eyes of 15 cases.Advanced retinopathy(V-Ⅵ stages of DR findings) was revealed in 3 eyes of 3 cases.The incidence of the complication after treatment was 100.0％ in the CRVO-derived NVG eyes and 21.1％ in the DR-derived NVG eyes (x2=5.18,P＜0.05).Conclusions The clinical characteristics of NVG secondary to CRVO and DR are variable,an appropriate treatment option should be selected according to different features of NVG.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of daily 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing on the acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in a medical intensive care unit (MICU). METHODS: The study was a randomized controlled group posttest only design, involving 91 patients in MICU at a tertiary hospital (47 patients in the experimental group and 44 patients in the control group). The 2% CHG bathing was performed daily according to bathing protocol to the patients in the experimental group, and traditional bath was performed every three days to those in the control group. Fisher's exact test and χ² test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: MDRO were found in 6 patients of the experimental group and in 15 patients of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p=.016). HAI occurred in 2 patients of the experimental group and in 7 patients of the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p=.084). CONCLUSION: The results confirmed that daily bathing with CHG was effective in reducing the incidence of MDRO acquisition. Therefore, it is expected that daily bathing with CHG will be used as an effective nursing intervention to reduce the incidence of MDRO acquisition.
Baths ; Chlorhexidine ; Critical Care ; Cross Infection ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Nursing ; Tertiary Care Centers

OBJECTIVE: To explore the variations of early-phase insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetic patients in different stages. METHODS: L-arginine stimulative test, fast blood glucose and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in 40 nomal controls (NC) and 101 Type 2 diabetic patients. The diabetic patients were divided into three groups: newly diagnosed group (n = 35), effectively treated by sulfonylureas group (n = 32) , and secondary failure of sulfonylureas group (n = 34). The indexs of insulin resistance of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), beta-cell insulin secretion of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IS), and the acute insulin response (AIRARG) index were calculated. Some statistical comparisons were done among the 4 groups. RESULTS: The indexs of HOMA-IR in each group of Type 2 diabetic patients were all higher than those in NC group (P < 0.01). The AIRARG indexs were obviously lower in Type 2 diabetic patients in different stages than those in NC group (P < 0.01), and the subsequence from the highest to the lowest among the groups of diabetic patients was: the newly diagnosed group, the effectively treated by sulfonylureas group, and the secondary failure of sulfonylureas group (P < 0.01). But there was no significant difference in indexs of HOMA-IS between the newly diagnosed group and the effectively treated by sulfonylureas group. CONCLUSION There is severe insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetic patients in each stage. The variations of early-phase insulin secretion manifest a vary procedure of obvious deterioration by degrees from the newly diagnosed group to the secondary failure of sulfonylureas group in Type 2 diabetic patients.
Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin Secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sulfonylurea Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors

We describe a 28-year old man in otherwise apparently good health, in whom pain in his left knee joint caused by avascular necrosis led to a diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). The angiogram showed multiple microaneurysmal and thrombotic lesions, notably in the renal, mesenteric and tibial arteries. A skin biopsy of the upper dermis of the left thigh with an erythematous skin rash showed the infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes in the perivascular area. During hospitalization, he was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B, and was treated with lamivudine, and corticosteroid, azathioprine to control the PAN. The knee joint pain improved progressively, and the patient could walk normally after several months. This case is an unusual presentation because the initial manifestation of PAN was avascular necrosis.
Azathioprine ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Exanthema ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Lamivudine ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Necrosis ; Osteonecrosis ; Polyarteritis Nodosa ; Skin ; Thigh ; Tibial Arteries

Lumbar fusion using the pedicle screw system is a popular operative procedure, with favorable clinical results and high fusion rates. However, the risk of adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion is problematic. We report a complicated case of severe retrolisthesis at L3-4 level following dynamic interspinous process stabilization at L2-3 level and a fusion at L4-5 level. The radiological and clinical findings of this complication are discussed, and a review of the literature is presented.
Lumbar Vertebrae ; Pedicle Screws ; Spinal Diseases ; Spinal Fusion ; Surgical Procedures, Operative