Objective To investigate the value of MRI in evaluation of metastatic axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma. Methods 60 patients with breast carcinoma underwent MRI before surgical management.Tumor maximal diameter,tumor SERmax (Maximal Signal Enhancement Ratio),the size,shape,border,signal intensity and enhancement pattern of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were recorded respectively.The results of MRI observation were compared with the histopathological results.Results Among the 60 patients,MRI showed that 28 cases had metastatic axillary lymph nodes,and 22 of them were confirmed by pathology.Its sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 90.91%,78.95%,83.33% in the diagnosis of lymph nodes metastasis.Meanwhile,57 cases were underwent ultrasound examination,its sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 59.09%,94.29%,80.70%.The sizes of lymph nodes in the patients with metastatic lymph nodes and the patients with no metastatic lymph nodes were(1.20±0.59)cm, (0.85±0.24)cm respectively.There was statistically significant difference between the two groups(t=3.258,P=0.001<0.05). There was statistically significant difference between the above two groups in the tumor maximum of SER(t=4.167,P=0.000<0.05),SERmax in metastatic lymph nodes were higher than in no metastatic ones.Irregular shape and border,inhomogeneous signal intensity and heterogeneous enhancement patterns were suggestive of metastatic lymph nodes.Conclusion MRI is an effective imaging modality in evaluation of axillary lymph nodes status in patients with breast carcinoma comprehensively before operation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation of expression and significance of IL-25,IL-12 and IgE in children with allergic rhinitis.METHODS The concentration of IL-25,IL-12 were measured in 34 children with allergic rhinitis and 34 health control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and compare to them and relationship.RESULTS The concentrations of IL-25,IL-12,IgE in periodicitical allergic rhinitis(AR)were(42.64? 11.77)ng/L,(38.52?8.32)ng/L,(563.2?141.7) kU/L,respectively.And in persistence AR they are(57.51?5.36)ng/L,IL-12(29.31?11.69)ng/L,(625.6?104.3)kU/L.However,in control group,the concentrations of IL-25,IL-12 and IgE were(33.42 ?9.78)ng/L,(49.31?11.69)ng/L(209.7?113.2) kU/L,respectively.There were significant difference in periodicitical AR and persistence AR,periodicitical AR and control group,persistence AR and control group(P

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis and IFN-?, IL-12. METHODS The expression of IL-12 was detected by in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 37 patients with allergic rhinitis and 12 control samples. IFN-? was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The positive ratios of IL-12 in PBMC were 0.13?0.03 and 0.77?0.15 in allergic rhinitis group and control group respectively. The concentrations of IL-12 were (13.7?2.4 ) pg/L and (52.9?8.4 ) pg/L in allergic rhinitis group and control group respectively. The concentrations of IFN-? were (11.2?2.1 ) pg/L and (51.8 ?6.4) pg/L in allergic rhinitis group and control group respectively. CONCLUSION The down-regulation of IL-12 and IFN-? was related to allergic rhinitis, and hyper-function of Th2 cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.

ProTide technology is a kind of prodrug design strategy invented by the team of Christopher McGuigan. ProTides are aryloxyphosphoramidates (or aryloxyphosphonamidates) which contain a phosphorus atom combined with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy group. These prodrugs can efficiently cross the cell membrane and escape from the first rate-limiting step of phosphorylation, which afford effective solutions to the drawbacks of current nucleoside analogues. At present, ProTide technology has been extensively applied in the field of antiviral research. It has been successful in providing a number of approved drugs and clinical candidates, such as sofosbuvir and so much more, highlighting the promising future in drug discovery. This review summarizes the brief history and characteristics of ProTide technology, as well as its application in the exploration of antiviral drugs.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Salmonella Infections ; etiology ; transmission ; Salmonella enterica

To establish single- and double-transfected transgenic cells stably expressing hMATE1, hMATE1 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from human cryopreserved kidney tissue, and subcloned into pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid by virtue of both HindIII and Kpn I restriction enzyme sites. Subsequently, the recombined pcDNA3.1(+)- hMATE1 plasmid was transfected into MDCK, MDCK-hOCT1 or MDCK-hOCT2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent. After a 14-day-cultivation with hygromycin B at the concentration of 400 µg · mL(-1), all clones were screened with DAPI and MPP+ as substrates to identify the best candidate. The mRNA content of hMATE1, the cellular accumulation of metformin with or without cimetidine as inhibitor, or transportation of cimetidine was further valuated. The results showed that all of the three cell models over expressed hMATE1 mRNA. The cellular accumulation of metformin in MDCK-hMATE1 was 17.6 folds of the control cell, which was significantly inhibited by 100 µmol · L(-1) cimetidine. The transcellular transport parameter net efflux ratios of cimetidine across MDCK-hOCT1/hMATE1 and MDCK-hOCT2/hMATE1 monolayer were 17.5 and 3.65, respectively. In conclusion, cell models with good hMATE1 function have been established successfully, which can be applied to study the drug transport or drug-drug interaction involving hMATE1 alone or together with hOCT1/2 in vitro.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cimetidine ; pharmacology ; DNA, Complementary ; Dogs ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Objective To construct a recombinant plasmid pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 of Taenia solium,to obtain purified recombinant protein TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 and to prepare rabbit antiserum against the recombinant fusion protein.Methods TSO45W-4B and TSOL18 encoding genes were connected with hydrophobic (Gly4Ser)3 linker.TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 fusion gene was synthesized and cloned into an expression vector pGEX-1λT to construct a recombinant plasmid pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18.The positive recombinants were transformed into Escherichia(E.) coli ArcticExpress (DE3),and the expression of recombinant protein was induced with isopropylβ-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).The expressed recombinant fusion protein was purified through affinity chromatography.The purified recombinant protein was mixed with complete Freunds adjuvant at a dosage of 0.5 mg.Rabbit was intramuscularly and subcutaneously immunized in the hind leg and the back,respectively.After 2 weeks the rabbit was boosted with purified recombinant protein which was mixed with incomplete Freunds adjuvant at the same dosage.Rabbit can be boosted every 10 days until an adequate response was achieved.At the 6th day after the last immunization,blood was collected from the rabbit heart.Serum was separated to purify and prepare the antiserum.ELISA was applied to determine the titer of the antiserum and Western blot assay was used to determine the specificity of the antiserum.Results The size of the synthesized fusion gene TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 was 789 bp.The results of restriction enzyme digestion showed that the recombinant plasmid pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 was successfully constructed.DNA sequencing showed that the size of the fusion gene TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 was 789 bp,which was consistent with expected result.As demonstrated by SDS-PAGE,relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant fusion protein was approximately 55 × 103,and its purity was 85％ after purification with affinity chromatography.Titer of the antiserum against the recombinant protein was 1 ∶ 512 000 in ELISA assay and the specific rabbit antiserum against the purified recombinant protein TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 could specifically bind to the recombinant fusion protein in Western blot assay.The relative molecular mass of the specific band was about 55 × 103,which was consistent with expected size.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pGEX-TSO45W-4BTSOL18 of Taenia solium is successfully constructed.High quality recombinant fusion protein TSO45W-4B-TSOL18 and high titer rabbit antiserum are successfully prepared.

Oxaliplatin-loaded nanostuctured lipid carriers (OP-NLC) were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification method. And its optimal prescription was selected by orthogonal design. The laser light scattering technique, zeta potential analyzer, TEM, DSC, XRD and HPLC were employed to study the physicochemical parameters of OP-NLC, which displayed in terms of particle size, zeta potential, crystalline, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. The results showed that OP-NLC had an average diameter of (111 +/- 20) nm, zeta potential of (-27.4 +/- 13.1) mV, encapsulation efficiency of (77.4 +/- 2.5) % and drug content of (0.8 +/- 1.5) mg mL(-1). TEM, DSC and XRD indicated that OP-NLC was spherical and the drug was dispersed as nanoparticles by means of non-crystalline. The in vitro release test showed that the drug could be sustained-released from NLC in buffer solution (pH 4.5) after a burst release in initial phase.

Aim To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD)on denervated tibial muscle atrophy of rats.Methods After 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Common Peroneal nerve crush model of 5 mm injury, they were randomly divided into 6 groups for daily intragastric administration of drugs:BYHWD high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose groups, mecobalamin group(positive control), model group, sham operation group.The drug administration lasted for 18 days.18 days after operation, slice, masson staining and analysis morphology were performed. The wet weight ratio and section area of tibial muscle were also measured.Results Tibial muscle section area of sham operation group was large, morphous was regular, while that of model group significantly diminished, structure was chaotic, and connective tissue hyperplasia was more obvious;Tibial muscle section area of BYHWD group and mecobalamin group was fairly diminished, morphous was fairly regular, and connective tissue hyperplasia was not obvious.Compared with model group, the section area of BYHWD group all increased significantly(P <0.01)in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with mecobalamin group, the cross section area of BYHWD high-dose group was significantly larger(P <0.05).Compared with model group, the wet weight ratio of BYHWD high-dose and medium-dose group all increased significantly(P <0.01 or P <0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion BYHWD has a significant effect of prevention and therapy on denervated tibial muscle atrophy of rats.

AIM: In order to explore the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), an experimental colitis in mouse was induced by the hapten dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and the activity of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) was measured at the same time. METHODS: 67 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control (60% ethanol) and DNCB groups. After they were sensitized by smearing 3.3% DNCB on the abdominal skin, they were challenged with DNCB at concentration of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% respectively by instillation once a day. The weight, stool viscosity and hematochezia were observed and accumulated as disease active index (DAI) score. The pathological changes in colon tissue were judged macropathologically and by means of microscope. LMIF activity was determined by the absorbance (A) of migrated leukocytes. RESULTS: Compared to control group, the increases in DAI accumulate score, pathologic score, and LMIF activity in DNCB groups were observed. CONCLUSION: Mouse colitis was induced by DNCB, which was accompanied by an increase in LMIF activity. [