Objective To study the effects of threshold training of respiratory muscles on respiratory muscle function and pulmonary in-fection after stroke with meta-analysis. Methods The randomized controlled trials about threshold training of respiratory muscles in stroke patients in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Embase, OVID, Chinese Biomedical Database, WanFang database and CNKI full-text data-base from January, 2005 to June, 2015 were systematically searched. Literatures were evaluated and extracted by two researchers. Results Four studies were included, with a total of 167 cases, 84 cases in the intervention group (threshold training of respiratory muscles) and 83 cases in the control group. Compared with the control group, the intervention might improve the respiratory muscle strength (for maximum inspired pressure, MD=9.46, 95%CI=4.61~14.32, P<0.001;for maximum expired pressure, MD=9.44, 95%CI=2.68~16.20, P=0.006), and decreased pulmonary infection (OR=0.35, 95%CI=0.13~0.97, P=0.04). Conclusion Threshold training of respiratory muscles can improve respiratory muscle function and reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection.

ObjectiveTo assess the factors influencing plasma B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) levelsin patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsClinical and echocardiographic information weredetected or collected.Level of plasma BNP were measured through immunofluorescence quantitified method in222 CAF patients.The patients were divided into two groups according to left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) :LVEF ≥50％ (normal group) and LVEF ＜ 50％ (case groups) .LVEF was detected by transthoracicechocardiography.Fasting Blood Glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, were measured, and history ofhypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking, were recorded.ResultsSerum levels of BNP in patients of chronicAF with LVEF ＜ 50％ were significantly higher than those with LVEF≥50％ (Mean Rank, 158.00 and 87.78 ,Z=-7.705, P ＜ 0.001) .In multiple logistic regression analysis, male gender (OR: 13.115,95％ CI 3.382 to50.860,P ＜0.001),history of hypertension(OR:3.710,95％ CI 1.104 to 12.472 ,P = 0.034) ,lower TC(OR: 0.397,95％ CI 0.214 to 0.735, P = 0.003) , LVEF(OR :0.791,95 ％ CI 0.723 to 0.867, P ＜ 0.001) , history ofsmoking(OR: 4.660,95％ CI 1.256 to 17.281, P = 0.021)were significant and independent determinants ofBNP elevation.ConclusionLower LVEF, male gender, history of hypertension and smoking, lower plasma TCare independent predictors of plasma BNP levels in patients with chronic AF.

Objective To investigate the inactivating effect of heat and ultraviolet(UV) light on HCV JFH-1 strain using the cell culture system. Methods The HCV JFH-1 virus stock, with an initial titer of 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml, was exposed in 56℃ water bath or to UV light for varying durations of time for explo-ring their inactivating effects on the virus. The kinetics of virus titer reduction was determined by an indirect immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA). If the cells infected with the exposed virus stock were IFA negative after three blind passages, the virus stock was considered to be inactivated completely. Results After incubation of the HCV JFH-1 virus stock (2.5 × 104 FFU/ml)in 56℃ water bath for 10 min, 20 min and 30 min, the virus titers were reduced to 1.6 × 103 FFU/ml, 3.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 3.3 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. The exposure of the virus stock to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2, 30 cm below the UV lamp) for 15 s, 30 s and 45 s resulted in virus fiter reduction to 1.0 × 103 FFU/ml, 1.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 2.7 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. After 40 min incubation of the virus stock at 56℃, or 1 min exposure to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2) the virus infectious titer was reduced below the detection limit of IFA, and the IFA was still negative even after three blind passages, indicating that the virus was inactivated completely. Conclusion HCV is sensitive to heat and UV light treatment. For HCV JFH-1 virus stock containing 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml virus, heat treatment at 56℃ for 40 min, or UV light expo-sure at an intensity of ≥60 μW/cm2 for 1 min, resulting in complete virus inactivation.

Objective To examine the localization of neuronal specific transcription factor DAT1 mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat. Methods In situ hybridization histochemistry staining method with digoxigen-labeled cRNA probe was used. Results The Transcripts of DAT1 mRNA were localized in somatic and dendritic profiles at most regions of adult rat central nervous system. It can be observed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, brain stem and spine. The intense hybridization signal can be seen in olfactory bulb, entorhinal cortex, prepirform cortex, striate cortex, hippocampus CA1 and dentate gyrus, lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus, red nucleus, dorsal tegmental nucleus, central reticular nucleus of medulla oblongata,motor nucleus of trigemina, nucleus of hypoglossal, vagus nerve nucleus, external cuneate nucleus and ambiguous nucleus. The moderate staining was detected in Ⅱ-Ⅵ layer of cerebrum, hippocampus CA2 and CA3, amygdala nucleus, globus pallidus, medial geniculate body, lateral geniculate body, zona incerta, supraoptic nucleus,paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, substantia nigra, mesencephalon reticular nucleus, reticular nuclei of pons, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, lateral reticular nucleus, medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, vestibular nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus, locus ceruleus, cuneate nucleus, nucleus raphes dorsalis. The faint signal showed in septal nuclei, ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus, ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus, posterolateral nucleus of thalamus, dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus, anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus, premammillary nucleus, central gray, superficial gray layer of the superior colliculeus, central nucleus of the inferior colliculeus, lateral nucleus of the inferior colliculeus, trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus, spinal nucleus of trigeminal, nucleus of solitary tract, inferior olivary nucleus, superior central nucleus, cerebellar fastigial nucleus, interposed cerebellared nucleus, lateral cerebellellar nucleus and spinal cord gray matter. Conclusion The results demonstrated the widely presence of DAT1 mRNA in adult rat central nervous system ,close related to the dopaminergic nervous system, suggesting a role of regulation for this gene in various functions of rat central nervous system, especially in dopamine neurotransmitter regulation.

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment of eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma(ELG) in children,in order to increase understanding of the disease.Methods Clinical features,laboratory examination,pathological examination,treatment and the-(rapeutic) effect of 5 patients with ELG were retrospectively studied,and the related literature were reviewed.Results Five cases were all boys.They all presented many subcutaneous swellings and lymphadenopathy.A case among them was associated with nephrotic syndrome,and 2 cases had the complication of eczema repeatedly,and 1 case ever had 2 times episodes of asthmatiform bronchitis.All of them had no hepatomegaly and splenomegaly,physically was well developed.Only chemotherapy was supplied to all the patients.During the course of therapy,4 cases among them recurred.After that,they were successfully treated with irradiation of lesion or cyclosporine(CsA).Conclusions ELG in children is as same as adult in clinicopathological features.It tends recur only with chemotherapy.We can get better curative effect with the synthetic treatment of chemotherapy,radiotherapy,operation or oral CsA and so on.

The phytase was extracted from solid state leavening of Trichoderma Viride LH374.The crude product was purified by(NH_4)_2SO_4 precipitation,gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography.The purified phyatse was 13.3 times of the raw products,and the extraction ration was 27.1%.The study on the enzymology of phyatse showed that the optimal temperature and pH were 55℃ and 6.0,respectively.The Km value of the phytase was 0.15mmol/L.

Objective To study the MRI manitestation of juvemle acute pure cartilage fracture of the knee joint.Methods The MRI changes of cartilage,subcartilage low signal line and subcartilage bone were analysed retrospectively in 26 juvenile patients with acute pure cartilage fracture confirmed by arthroscopy.Sagittal and coronal MRI scanning were performed in 26 patients.Using fast low angle shot fat saturation T_1-weighted image(FLASH-FS-T_1WI)sequences,spin echo T_1-weighted image(SE-T_1WI)and fast imaging with steady-state precession three dimensional fat saturation T_2-weighted image(FISP-3D-FS- T_2WI)sequences in sagittal plane,SE-T_1WI and multi echo data image combination T_2-weighted imaging (MEDIC or ME-T_2WI)in coronal plane.Using ME-T_2WI sequence,axial plane MRI scanning in 5 patients.Results Twenty-seven sites of 26 patients include 8 patella,7 femoral medial condyle, 11 femoral lateral condyle and 1 tibial plateau.Three types pure cartilage fracture were observed,totally defect of the cartilage in 7 sites(include 3 patella,2 femoral medial condyle,1 femoral lateral condyle and 1 tibial plateau),fissuring fracture in 3 sites(include 2 femoral medial and 1 femoral lateral condyles), superficial defect of the cartilage in 17 sites(include 5 patella,3 femoral medial and 9 femoral lateral condyle).Corpus liberum was found in 21 patients'knee joints by arthroscopy,but only 3 cases by MRI. Bone bruise was detected,and subcartilage low signal lines were normal.Conclusion Using FLASH-FS- T_1WI,SE-T_1WI,FISP-3D-FS-T_2WI and ME-T_2WI sequences,sagittal and coronal MRI scanning in femoral and tibial plateau pure cartilage fractures,and using ME-T_2WI sequence axial scanning in patella r cartilage fractures may show the position,extension and types of the acute pure cartilage fracture of the knee joint. MRI is the hest non-invasive method for studying cartilage fracture.

Child ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; complications ; Panniculitis ; etiology ; Subcutaneous Tissue

AIM:To explore the inhibitive effects of cervical lymphadenectomy on kerstoplasy after alkaline burns.METHODS:The Wistar rats' corneas were transplanted into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats' eyes which were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A(control group);group B,the cervicallymphadenectomy group;group C,corneal transplantation after the alkali burn injury;group D,cervical lymphadenectomy following group C.Out of 6 rats in each group,the cornea of one rat Was used for mawophage immunohistochemistry at day 14 after the transplantstion,and the remaining 5 rats were used for studying corneal immune rejection with a slit lamp.The time when allograft rejection occurred was recorded and mean survival times(MST)were compared among the groups.RESULTS:Compared with the MST of group A(10.40±1.14 days),the MST of group B(46.30±9.46 days)Was significantly longer(P＜0.05).MST of grafts between group C(7.00± 1.58 days)and group D(15.00±3.39 days)was also significant (P＜0.05).At 14th day after the transplantation,there was no CD68 immunoreactivity in the graft of group B,and CD68 proteins were expressed to some extent in the grafts of group A and D.However,in the graft of group C,the expression of proteins Was dramatically up-regulated.CONCLUSION:Cervical lymphadenectomy therapy has a significant effect in preventing corneal allograft rejection in normal and alkali burned oorneai beds.

Objective To investigate the significance of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods 151 in-patients of ACS during May 2006 to June 2008 were selected as the treatment group.Other 212 impatients with essential hypertension were selected as control group.Blood lipid,blood glucose,blood routine,renal function,high sensitive C-reaction protein (hs-CRP) and BNP were examined in all patients.Their blood pressure,heart rate,and history of smoking,hypertension,diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia 62.0±14.2,t = 5.043,P＜0.001 ),blood creatinine [ (95.0±67.4 ) vs.(72.8±29.0) μmol/L,t = 4.164,P ＜0.001 ),blood uric acid[ (360.2±104.4 ) vs.(300.8±92.7 ) μmol/L,t = 5.521,P ＜ 0.001 ],BNP (80.81 vs.352.38 ng/L,Z = - 7.295,P ＜ 0.001 ),hs-CRP (7.99 vs.17.08,Z = - 3.983,P ＜ 0.001 ),white blood cells (WBC) [ (7.843 +3.025)×109/L vs.(6.333±3.569)×109/L,t =4.209,P ＜0.001 ],monocytes [ (0.522±0.201)×109/L vs.(0.417±0.157)×109/L,t = 5.084,P ＜0.001 ] and blood glucose [ (6.518±2.303 ) vs.(5.691±2.085 ) mmol/L,t = 3.461,P = 0.001 ] had significant difference.Systolic blood pressure had difference between two groups [ (134.7±27.8 ) vs.(142.0±26.3 ) mm Hg,t = 2.536,P=0.012 ].However,the percentage of smoking[ 43.7% (66/151)vs.23.1% (49/212),X2 = 17.283,P ＜0.001 ] and male gender[ 74.8% ( 113/151 )vs.48.6% ( 103/212),X2 = 25.217,P ＜ 0.001 ) ] had significant difference between two groups ( P ＜0.001 ).Multivariable regression analysis showed that age (X2 = 10.369,P =0.001 ),gender (X2 = 12.836,P ＜ O.001 ),BNP (X2 =4.807,P =0.028) and WBC(X2= 10.788,P =0.001 ) were the main factors of difference between the two groups.Moreover,BNP was linearly correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) in ACS patients (t =5.789,P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusion Old age,male,WBC and BNP are closely related with ACS,of which BNP has certain predictive value for ACS.