The genomes of umbraviruses do not encode a coat protein, and thus no conventional virus particles are formed in infected plants. Umbraviruses are always coinfected with an assistor virus, which is always a member of the family Luteoviridae, to cause most devastating diseases in some areas. The epidemiology of the umbra-virus-caused disease is largely depended on aphid transmission. The symptomology, occurrence, characteristics of the causal agents, disease control of carrot motley dwarf, groundnut rosette and tobacco bushy top were reviewed detailedly in this article.

Toxicogenomics (TGx) refers to a set of technologies that assess genome-wide responses after toxic agent exposure. Altered gene expression patterns that are caused by specific exposures reveal how toxicants may disrupt cellular processes and lead to side effects. Development and application of " omics" technology facilitate the toxicogenomic research which sharing and interpretation of the enormous amount of biological information generated in toxicologic field. In recent years TGx has been widely valued and successfully applied as an effective research tool to evaluate the toxic effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Here we reviewed current progress in the field of TGx and focused on its application in traditional Chinese medicine safety evaluation, especially in revealing the mechanism, finding potential toxic biomarkers and studying compatibility detoxification of TCM.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Safety ; Toxicogenetics

This artical explained the biological action mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies through reactivating the immune response of T cells to tumor cells immune response, analyzed the detection reports on the targets, introduced the clinical manifestations and indications research results, and looked into their development potential in the field of anticancer therapy. It's important to rationally use PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies to decrease immune-mediated adverse events as well as maximizing the therapeutic effect. Furthermore, we should not only see the accomplishment in anticancer therapy, but also gain insight into its development direction in the field of anticancer research based on the therapeutic idea of inducing autoimmune system to kill tumor cells.

OBJECTIVETo study the relativity between La protein and the stability of HBV mRNA and the expression of HBV protein.

METHODSFour specific siRNAs were obtained by transcription in vitro. After transfection with the siRNAs into HepG2.2.15 cells for 3 days, the inhibitive effects of La protein were analyzed by Western blot; the content changes of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV-DNA were detected by ECL and RT-PCR.

RESULTSIn comparison to normal cells, La protein was less in the cells. There was less La protein in the cells trans-infected with siRNAs. HBsAg, the HBeAg and HBV-DNA secreted by the cells transfected with siRNA were also less than that in the normal cells.

CONCLUSIONThere is a correlation between La protein and HBV mRNA and the expression of HBV protein.

Autoantigens ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA, Viral ; Ribonucleoproteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the ultrasonographic indexes in the evaluation of complete penile erection after oral administration of sildenafil citrate in men with normal erectile function.

METHODSThe subjects lay supine, with the penis raised upwards, its back clinging to the abdomen. The probe was placed at the base of the ventral side of the penis for longitudinal and transverse section scanning. Observations were made on the corpus cavernosum, deep artery and deep dorsal vein of the penis at the time of flaccidity and complete erection after oral administration of sildenafil citrate, respectively.

RESULTSThe examinations were acceptable to all the subjects both physically and psychologically, and all were completed successfully with no complications. Compared with the flaccid state of the penis, obvious changes were observed in the state of complete erection, including marked increases in the diameter of the corpus cavernosum ([18.57 +/- 2.50] mm, increased by [106.8 +/- 62.1]%), the inside diameter of the deep artery ([1.18 +/- 0.26] mm, increased by [54.9 +/- 29.0]%), the peak systolic velocity ([32.5 +/- 10.7] cm/s, increased by [209.3 +/- 112.9]%), and the systolic acceleration ([5.71 +/- 2.71] cm/s2, increased by [179.3 +/- 138.2]%).

CONCLUSIONOral administration of sildenafil citrate followed by ultrasonography is a new approach to the objective evaluation of penile erection, characterized by convenience, safety, non-invasiveness, non-complication, easy acceptability and easy clinical application.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; drug effects ; physiology ; Penis ; diagnostic imaging ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Purines ; pharmacology ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Sulfones ; pharmacology ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the second renal transplantation on sexual function.

METHODSThirty kidney graft recipients, including 29 cases of the second renal transplantation and 1 case of simultaneous dual kidney transplantation, responded to the questionnaire. The penis cavernosal artery flow of these patients were examined by color doppler ultrasonography. Of the 30 recipients, 9 underwent bilateral kidney transplantation with their bilateral external iliac arteries anastomosed to the donors' renal arteries (Group A), 10 recipients with their unilateral external iliac arteries and the other internal iliac arteries anastomosed to the donors' renal arteries (Group B), the other 10 with their internal iliac arteries anastomosed to the donors' renal arteries (Group C).

RESULTSEight recipients of Group A, 7 of Group B, and 5 of Group C were restored to normal sexual function 6 months after kidney transplantation. The peak systole velocity (PSV) in Group C was slower than in Groups A and B.

CONCLUSIONKidney transplantation with the second internal iliac arteries anastomosed to donors' renal arteries may affect the sexual function of the recipients, but some might enjoy satisfactory sexual life some time after the establishment of lateral branch circulation.

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; surgery ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penile Erection ; physiology ; Penis ; diagnostic imaging ; Renal Artery ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of common α-thalassemia gene deletion in children.

METHODSBlood cell analysis was performed on children who visited the clinic of the Foshan Women and Children's Hospital. Blood samples (2 mL, EDTA anticoagulant) was collected from children with MCV<82 fl for analysis of α-thalassemia gene using the GAP-PCR method.

RESULTSMCV<82 fl was found in 1341 children. Of the 1341 children, 471 (35.1%) were diagnosed with α-thalassemia. The prevalence of α-thalassemia increased with increasing age. --SEA was a major type of α-thalassemia gene deletion (75.3%), followed by -a3.7 (17.0%) and -a4.2 (7.7%) in the 471 patients. The top three genotypes were --SEA/aa (73.2%), aa/-a3.7 (12.5%) and --SEA/-a3.7 (5.5%).

CONCLUSIONSGenetic testing is necessary for the diagnosis of α-thalassemia in children with MCV<82 fl. --SEA is a common type of α-thalassemia gene deletion, and -SEA/aa is a common gene type of α-thalassemia in the subjects of this study.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; alpha-Thalassemia ; blood ; etiology ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the changes and significance of plasma cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) complicated by myocardial ischemic injury.

METHODSForty-five neonates with HIE (15 mild cases, 24 moderate cases and 6 severe cases) were enrolled and divided into two subgroups based on the presence of myocardial injury (n=19) and not (n=26). Twenty healthy neonates were used as the control group. Plasma CT-1 levels were measured using double-antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. Serum creatinine kinase MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (CTnI ) levels were also measured.

RESULTSPlasma CT-1 levels in the mild HIE (169±20 pg/mL) and moderate/severe HIE subgroups (287±44 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in the control group (30±8 pg/mL), and plasma CT-1 levels were associated with the severity of HIE (P<0.01). Plasma CT-1 levels were positively correlated with serum CK-MB and CTnI levels in neonates with HIE in the acute phase (r=0.565 and 0.621 respectively; P<0.01). Plasma CT-1 levels in neonates with myocardial injury were significantly higher than those without myocardial injury (249 ±35 pg/mL vs 177±26 pg/mL; P<0.01). Plasma CT-1 levels were significantly reduced in neonates with myocardial injury in the convalescent phase (157±19 pg/mL) compared with those in the acute phase (249±35 pg/mL; P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSDetection of plasma CT-1 levels may be useful in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemic injury and the severity evaluation of HIE.

Creatine Kinase, MB Form ; blood ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; blood ; Troponin I ; blood

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; immunology ; Male ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Students, Medical ; Vietnam ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo report the results of clinical characteristics, enzyme activity determination and mutation analysis of GLB1 gene in a Chinese patient with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IVB (Morquio B disease).

METHODA 14-year-old Chinese boy with MPS type IVB was firstly diagnosed by blood leucocytes galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) and β-galactosidase (GLB1) determination, who was characterized by short stature, multiplex skeletal abnormalities, difficulty in walking. PCR-sequencing analysis was applied to detect the mutations in GLB1 of the patient.

RESULTThe patient was characterized by dwarfism, pectus carinatum, kyphosis, normal intelligence, and no neurologic damage of spasms, linguistic capacity and so on. The patient had normal GALNS enzyme activity and very low GLB1 enzyme activity [5.03 nmol/(h·mg) vs. normal value 118 - 413 nmol/(h·mg) ] in leukocytes. A compound heterozygous missense mutations c.442C > T(p.R148C)/c.1454A > G(p.Y485C) in GLB1 gene were detected in this patient. The mutation p.Y485C is a novel variant. With the method of gene analysis of new variant, the mutation p.Y485C was considered to be a pathogenic mutation.

CONCLUSIONThe MPS IVB patient showed severe multiple skeletal deformities, normal intelligence, no neurologic damage and very low GLB1 enzyme activity, who carries compound heterozygous mutations p.R148C/p.Y485C. The mutation p.Y485C in GLB1 gene may be a novel pathologic mutation of MPS type IVB.

Adolescent ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Chondroitinsulfatases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Joints ; pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mucopolysaccharidosis IV ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Radiography ; Spine ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; beta-Galactosidase ; genetics ; metabolism