OBJECTIVE To know of the application status of ?-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics in our hospital,promote the compliance of Guideline for application of antibiotics,and cut down the abusing or irrationally using of antibiotics.METHODS Retrospective cohort research was used to review the medical records of 1184 patients left our hospital.Based on the inspection results,to select following 98 inpatients to do prospective research and correct those problems found in the retrospective research.RESULTS There were 71 cases in the prospective research who had applied antibiotics,in which 23 cases had used ?-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics;20 cases with precautious application,18 cases underwent type Ⅰ operation and used antibiotics for 2 to 10 days;2 cases underwent type Ⅱ operation and used antibiotics for 5 to 6 days;2 cases underwent type Ⅲ operation;3 cases of internal medicine patients had been treated with ?-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics for 10 days,not selected by the type of bacteria and the result of drug sensitivity test,and no analysis records in the progress note.CONCLUSIONS In surgical departments,use antibiotics as preventive measurements even after clean operation which lack indications and choose over estimated level of ?-lactamase inhibitor antibiotics and combine medication for post-operation preventive medicine.When treating ordinary infections,Internal department had chose antibiotics which should be used for difficult diseases caused by resistant microbes.Most patients do not have undergone bacteria cultivation and drug sensitivity test before applying antibiotics.Therefore the management of antibiotics should be enhanced.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for replenishing and perfecting essential medicine selection method in China. METHODS:According to the requirements of essential medicine selection,based on the actual situation,target function and restraint conditions for essential medicine selection could be determined by the knapsack theory and the essential medicine selection model could be built. The feasibility of established model was analyzed by an sample. RESULTS:The objective function of estab-lished model was Min∑CjXj,the minimum cost of all the selected essential medicines. Other constraints included covered range of disease,ADR,contraindications,attentions,dosage forms and specifications. Nine kinds of common oral hypoglycemic drugs were selected as candidate drugs,from which glipizide,gliclazide,metformin and repaglinide were chosen as the essential hypogly-cemic medicines with the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS:Established essential medicine selection model based on knapsack the-ory is scientifical,objective and with strong practicality.

Objective Spontaneous pneumothorax occurred mainly because of bulla rupture and its formation process and pathogenesis were unknown,the study was to detect the express level of the cytokines KL-6,FGF-10 and MMP-9 in the spontaneous pneumothorax patients with bulla and researched its significance.Methods Selected 24 cases of bulla resection for spontaneous pneumothorax patients,the immunohistochemical staining techniques and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was taken to detect the expression level of KL-6,FGF-10 and MMP-9 of the bulla site and the bulla adjacent site.Results Immunohistochemical results showed that the staining intensity of the KL-6 and FGF-10 in groups of bulla site was higher than those in groups of bulla adjacent site while there was no significant difference of MMP-9 in the two groups.ELISA results showed that the expression levels of the KL-6 and FGF-10 in groups of bulla site are higher than those in groups of bulla adjacent site and the results had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no statistically significant of MMP-9 in the two groups(P ＞0.05).Conclusion The expression of the KL-6 and FGF-10 in the bulla site in primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients was higher than that in the normal site ; the pulmonary fibrosis mediated by KL-6 and the lung-bronchial congenital abnormalities mediated by abnormal expression of FGF-10 might have correlation with bulla formation.There was no statistically significant of the MMP-9 expression between the two groups and the correlation between inflammation mediated by MMP-9 and bulla formation was not clear.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the essential medicine bidding evaluation model and improve the scientificity and effec-tiveness of essential medicine bidding and procurement. METHODS:Combined with the main objective of essential medicine cen-tralized bidding and procurement,a criteria bidding evaluation index system for essential medicine was established,and a bidding evaluation model for essential medicine was built based on fuzzy group decision making and the feasibility was verified by exam-ples. RESULTS:The essential medicine evaluation model based on fuzzy evaluation and group decision making was established, and empirical analysis for Atorvastatin Calcium tablet was used to show the feasibility of evaluation model. CONCLUSIONS:The essential medicine evaluation model based on fuzzy group decision making can scientifically and effectively accomplish a compre-hensive evaluation of pharmaceutical enterprises,which builds the foundation for promoting the transparency of essential medicine bidding and procurement work and reducing the economic burden for the patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of Gangliosides on brain protection after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The middle cerebral artery (MCA) focal cerebral ischemia /reperfusion rat models were used by thread occlusion method. The cerebral infarct volume, neurologic function deficits and neurons apoptosis in cerebral ischemic region were observed following focal cerebral ischemia 90 min (IR 0 h) and ischemia 90 min / reperfusion 24 h (IR 24 h) by injecting Gangliosides and normal saline intraperitoneally, respectively. Results A significant reduction of infarct volume was found in the Gangliosides-treated group compared with the control group. Furthermore, Gangliosides induced significant amelioration of the number of neuron apoptosis and neurologic dysfunction following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats (all P

Objective To monitor the activities of orbicularis oculi muscle by analyzing the electroneurogram (ENG) of its innervating nerve. Methods The ENG was recorded in vivo by a cuff electrode implanted around a dog’s zygomatic branch of facial nerve. The differences between the ENG during relaxing period of the orbicularis oculi muscle and during the constricting period were analyzed to explore a way to monitor the muscle activities. Results The ENG signals indicating occurrences of eye blinking events were extracted in the study. Time-frequency analysis showed that there was no ENG difference when the orbicularis oculi muscle was in relaxing periods no mater whether it was in the nature eye-opening period or in the interval of eye blinking. The ENG of orbicularis oculi muscle in constricting period was different from the ENG in relaxing period at amplitude and frequency. Conclusion It is feasible to monitor the orbicularis oculi muscle activities by ENG analysis.

Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 ( Nrf2 ) is an important nuclear transcription factor which protects cells a-gainst oxidative stress injury. Upon exposure to reactive oxygen species ( ROS) or electrophilic stress, Nrf2 can translocate into the nucleus, and then bind to the antioxidant response element ( ARE) , regulating the expression of several antioxidant enzymes and phase Ⅱ detoxifying enzymes which aimed at the detoxifica-tion and elimination of harmful exogenous chemicals, resulting in the facilitation of hepatoprotection. Oxidative stress is the com-mon pathogenesis of many liver diseases, while the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway is extremely important in the prevention and progression of many liver diseases. Nrf2 has more recently been implicated as a new therapeutic target in treating liver diseases. Here, we focus on the most common liver diseases and the devel-opment of these conditions where activation of Nrf2 may alleviate disease progression, so as to provide reference for related re-search in the future.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and imaging features of the sellar region lesions in children.Methods The clinical and imaging features of 112 cases with sellar region lesions were analyzed retrospectively,which were confirmed by pathology.Results 37 cases were craniopharyngiomas, which had two main symptoms of intracranial hypertension(57%)and diabetes insipidus(11%).On imaging it demonstrated as a calcified cystic tumor(81%).18 cases were gliomas, the main clinical feature of which was decreased visual acuity,13 of them were pilocytic astrocytoma, which manifested as a solid tumor with significantly enhancement(94%).16 cases were germ cell tumors,the main complaint was diabetes insipidus (75%),13 of them were germinoma, which showed iso-high density on CT and moderate enhancement after administration of contrast.And it showed high signal intensity on DWI.7 cases were hamartoma,86% patients of which showed gelasmus epilepsy,the imaging showed iso-signal masses with no enhacement in the hypothalamic papillary region.5 cases were LCH,80% of which had the complaint of diabetes insipidus,imaging findings manifested as thinkened pituitary stalk and loss of hyperintensity of posterior pituitary on T1WI.3 cases were pituitary tumors.23 cases were Rathke's cleft cysts,3 cases were arachnoid cyst.Most of the patients presented with headache.Conclusion The clinical and imaging features shows some specific features, which is helpful to improve the correct rate of diagnosis and provide the basis for further treatment.

AIM　The purpose is to study the anti-arrhythmic effects of extracts from cultured Cordyceps sinensis. METHODS　Aconitine and barium chloride were used to induce experimental arrhythmia models in rats. RESULTS　The results showed that PE was more potent than other ingredients. Pretreatment with PE by oral administration significantly antagonized arrhythmia induced by aconitine. PE significantly prolonged the onset of arrhythmia, decreased the duration and diminished the degree of severity. And in barium chloride-induced arrhythmia model, PE had some anti-arrhythmia effect，which could diminish the degree of severity effectively to some extent. CONCLUSION　PE is an active component to antagonize arrhythmia induced by aconitine and barium chloride.

Objective To investigate the relationship between diastolic function of the left ventricle and common carotid artery (CCA) elasticity in patients with hypertension. Methods Forty-one primary hypertension patients and 31 healthy volunteers underwent echocardiography to obtain the indices of LV diastolic function and also echo tracking techniqne (ET) to obtain the CCA elasticity indices. The LV diastolic function indices included Ve (early diastolic peak velocity), Va (late diastolic peak velocity ), Ve/Va, Em (early diastolic mitral annular motive velicity), Am (late diastolic mitral annular motive velicity) and Em/Am. The indices of CCA elasticity included Ep (pressure-strain elasticity modulus), β(stiffness parameter), AC (arterial compliance), AI (augmentation index) and PWVβ (pulse wave velocity). Results Va was higher and Em, Ve/Va and Em/Am were lower in patients than that in the healthy , P＜0.05. Ep and PWVβ were higher in patients,P＜0.05. Am and Va were correlated positively with PWV β and Ep , respectively in patients, P＜0.05. Ve/Va was correlated positively with AC, and negatively with PWV β, P＜0.05 in patients. Em/Am was correlated negatively with β and PWV β in patients. Conclusions The LV diastolic function and common carotid artery elasticity were decreased in patients with hypertension. The decreased common carotid artery elasticity was along with the LV diastolic function decreased.