OBJECTIVETo investigate the penile erectile function of hospitalized male patients with cardiovascular diseases, the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in this cohort, and the relationship of ED with cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors.

METHODSUsing a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted an investigation among the hospitalized patients in the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases of the First and Second Affiliated Hospitals of Xi'an Jiaotong University. We measured their body height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure, obtained their personal data, past history, metabolic indexes, and erectile function scores by IIEF-5, and analyzed the risk factors of ED using univariate and multivariate logistic regression and OR analyses.

RESULTSTotally, 225 valid questionnaires were included in this investigation, which showed a 66.7% incidence of ED, 15.8% mild, 27.0% mild to moderate, 17.6% moderate, and 6.3% severe. The incident rates of ED in the 18-35 yr, 36-49 yr, 50-65 yr, and > 65 yr age groups were 13.6%, 39.1%, 89.2%, and 91.2%, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis manifested that the risk factors of ED in the patients with cardiovascular diseases included age (OR = 3.122, 95% CI 2.040-4.779), smoking (OR = 1.768, 95% CI 1.209-2.584), BMI (OR = 1.261, 95% CI 1.114-1.427), total cholesterol (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.339-2.340), TC/HDL (OR =1.715, 95% CI 1.349-2.181), hypertension (OR = 1.717, 95% CI 1.110-2.658), and coronary heart disease (OR = 2.235, 95% CI 1.169-4.275), while multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors to be age (OR = 4.99, 95% CI 2.264-10.998), financial condition, (OR = 2.804, 95% CI 1.127-6.976), smoking (OR = 2.109, 95% CI 1.179-3.772), BMI (OR = 1.414, 95% CI 1.136-1.760), and TC/HDL (OR = 2.001, 95% CI 1.016-3.943).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of ED is high in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases and rises with the increase of age. Age, smoking, financial condition, BMI, and TC/HDL are the risk factors of both ED and cardiovascular diseases, and financial condition is closely associated with ED.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; complications ; Erectile Dysfunction ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Imidazoles ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrimidines ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Waist Circumference ; Young Adult

AIM: To define the indications of C2 pedicle lag screw or C2 pedicle screw associated with C3 lateral mass screw to treat Hangman fracture, and evaluate the clinical applications. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with Hangman fracture were selected from Changzheng Hospital between February 2000 and December 2004, including 10 patients of type Ⅰ, 12 patients of type Ⅱ, and 8 patients of type Ⅱa, 4 patients of type Ⅲ. Levine-Edwards classification and graded: 2 patients of grade C spinal injury, 12 patients of grade Ds and 20 patients of grade E according to Frankel scale. Patients with typeⅠHangman's fracture were fixed by C2 pedicle lag screw, and patients with typeⅡ, Ⅱa and Ⅲ Hangman fracture were fixed by C2 pedicle screw associate C3 lateral mass screw. Postoperative neurofunctional recovery and fracture healing were studied. RESULTS: A total of 34 subjects were involved in the analysis of results. ① Frankle classification of postoperative neurofunctional recovery: There were 2 cases of grade C, 1 case recovered to grade E, and one case recovered to grade D. There were 12 cases of grade D, including 11 cases of recovered to grade E and one without change. ② In 3-6 months follow-up, X-ray of anterior-posterior and lateral position showed that all fractures healed without loose screw, vertebra artery injury or other complications. CONCLUSION: C2 pedicle lag-screw, C2 pedicle screw associated with C3 lateral mass screw are safe, effective in the treatment of Hangman fracture, which can to retain the function of upper cervical spine as great as possible.

yin-yang deficiency,and there were significant difference between different syndromes P

· AIM: To study the effects of topical anesthesia on corneal thickness in myopic eyes with Orbscan topography system and to assess the application prospect of this device in determining the corneal thickness for refractive surgery.and 5 minutes after administration of one drop of Benoxil (Oxybuprocaine) 4g/L solution (Santen, Japan) to 98 eyes (98 patients). The numeric value of the corneal thinness (THN) and the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) of 2mm in diameter were obtained before and after the instillation. The changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) were also studied.P＜0.001) and CCT by 3.10±7.13μm (t=-4.310, P＜0.001) were found following the instillation of the topical anesthetic. There were no statistically significant changes in ACD (t=1.288, P=0.201).immediate effects on the corneal thickness in myopic eyes and this have implications for corneal refractive surgery and even for the accuracy of applanation tonometry.

Objective To evaluate the effect of home-made immobilization device with KV-CBCT in lung-SBRT and investigate its clinical use value.Methods Choosing 10 lung tumor patients (half centre type tumor;half peripheral type) random analysis the interfractional and intrafractional setup errors in the SBRT process by this fixed device with KV-CBCT.The concrete method is using Varian's KV-CBCT scans the patients before and after the SBRT each time,then make the registration between the reconstructed 3 d image and the planned CT image (both based on bone landmark),we then obtain the average setup errors in LR,AP and SI directions.Simultaneously,this research make contrastive analysis of setup errors among this fixed device and other fixed devices such as vacuum pad,phantom in body IMRT.All data make one-factor analysis of variance by SSPS 17.0.Results All the setup errors data was gaussian distribution,the centre type interfraction was at (0.01 ±0.32) cm (LR),(-0.08 ±0.38) cm (AP),(0.14 ±0.36) cm (SI) of the cross section,peripheral type interfraction was at (0.01 ± 0.32) cm (LR),(-0.08 ± 0.38) cm (AP),(0.14 ± 0.36) cm (SI) of the cross section (P =0.001).We found out that the average of lung tumor's setup error at all three directions have no significant difference-the largest was the AP directions (P =0.003),the second was the SI direction (P =0.003) and the smallest was the LR direction (P =0.001).The central type has no significant difference at three directions.Compare to the other fixed device,the average setup errors of our device are (0.09 ± 0.33) cm (LR),(-0.10 ± 0.44) cm (SI),(0.17 ±0.35) cm (AP) better than the report at present paper.As the interfraction setup error was small enough by using this fixed device while it has beyond the system algorithm,the registration software of system shows (0.0 ± 0.0 cm).Conclusions The range of lung tumor motion can be cut down obviously and enhance each placement accuracy,repeatability,on SBRT with home-made immobilization device.

AIM: To discuss the clinical efficacy of fresh amniotic membrane ( AM ) during the microscopic adjustable suture surgery in children's intercommunity strabismus, in order to guide clinical treatment.
METHODS: With the clinical randomized control study (RCT), 60 (112 eyes) cases of patients in childhood who received microscopic strabismus surgery in our hospital were divided them into two different groups from Jan. 2010 to Oct. 2015. According to the application of AM on the basis of ophthalmology outpatient number, 30 cases (58 eyes) in group A were treated with rectus muscle recession surgery combined adjustable suture combined with AM. The other 30 cases (54 eyes) in group B were treated with rectus muscle recession surgery combined adjustable suture only. All patients in two groups were followed-up over 6mo after the strabismus surgery.
RESULTS:Twenty-seven cases ( 48 eyes ) of all the strabismus patients must be adjusted after strabismus surgery, and the eye position adjustment rate was 42.9%. At 1mo after surgery, eye position of 18 cases (29 eyes) can be adjusted in all patients, and 44. 8% (16 cases, 26 eyes ) in group A with the average of adjustment lengths was 2. 56±0. 64mm, and 5. 6% ( 2 cases, 3 eyes ) in group B, with the average of adjustment lengths was 0. 52±0. 28mm, the differences of the adjustment rate and the average of adjustment amount were both high statistically significant (χ2 =22.477, P<0. 01; t=16. 502, P<0. 01 ) between the two groups. Except of 3 cases who couldn't cooperate with eye position adjustment, they all received eye position adjustment in different degrees in one month after strabismus surgery,and after eye position adjustment, 27 cases (53 eyes) in group A got normal eye position, and the correction rate of eye position was 91. 4%, and 16 cases (28 eyes) in group B got normal eye position after eye position adjustment, the correction rate was 51. 9%, the differences of the correction rate were statistically significant (χ2=21. 827, P<0. 01) between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: The application of fresh AM in the microscopic adjustable suture strabismus surgery is exactly effective in treatment of children's intercommunity strabismus. It can significantly extend the adjustment time and increase the adjustment amount, and it also can statistically improve the controllability and achievement ratio for children's strabismus surgery.

Objective Light acts as an important zeitgeber and regulates the body's circadian rhythm.Excessive lighting at night leads to light pollution,which interferes with the circadian rhythm and thus adversely affects the body.To observe the adverse effect of continuous light on female reproductive endocrinology and explore effective treatment,the animal experiment was carried out.Methods 185 sexual maturity female SD rats in the age of 2 months with normal estrous cycle were enrolled.60 rats were selected randomly and enrolled into control group.Normal illumination conditions were given.The remaining rats were given 300±20lux light intensity for 24h/d last for 50 days to get reproductive rhythm disorder model.The model rats (100) were randomly divided into models group (n =50) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) group (n =50).Traditional Chinese Medicine group was treated with sequential TCM.At last we get 50 rats enrolled into model group and herbal group respectively.The TCM group rats were given therapy of nourishing yin and tonifying yang sequential TCM,while the two other groups were gavaged the same volume of physiological saline.The estrous cycle was observed in all groups.20 days later,blood were collected dynamically and E2 (estradiol),P (progesterone),LH (Luteinizing Hormone),FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)and melatonin were compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect of TCM.Finally,try to explain the mechanism of TCM's effect from the perspective of melatonin.Results At the first day,E2 was lower in TCM group and models group than control group (P＜ 0.05).At the second day,E2 was higher in traditional Chinese Medicine group than control group (9＜0.05).At the third day,E2 was higher in TCM group and models group than that in control group (P＜ 0.05).Progesterone in control group showed low level in pre-estrous and estrous period and elevated in the late stage of estrous.Progesterone showed no obvious change during the estrous cycle in TCM group and models group.At the third and fourth day,Progesterone was significantly lower in models group than TCM group and control group.At the first day,LH in models group [(249.8±50.2)mIU/mL] and TCM group [(83.4±37.3)mIU/mL] were significantly lower than control group [(430.0± 100.4)mIU/mL] (P＜0.05).At the first day,FSH in models group and TCM group were significantly lower than control group (P＜0.05).At the fourth day,FSH in TCM group was significantly lower than control group and models group (P＜0.05).Compared the melatonin among three groups,the circadian rhythm was high at night but low in the day in control group.The highest level was nearly 5 times higher than the lowest level.Neither the models group nor the TCM group had obvious recent rhythm changes.Conclusion Continuous light can induce disordered estrous cycle and loss of rhythm.Traditional Chinese Medicine can somehow induce circulation reconstruction.Continuous light can induce disordered endocrine,E2,FSH,LH surge abnormal,ovulation failure,luteal phase defect.TCM can induce ovulation and luteal support.Continuous light can destroy melatonin circadian rhythm and TCM can increase melatonin,which could be the mechanism of TCM's effect.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activation characteristics of microglia (MG) in the rats striatum with MA-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into control group (n=24) and experimental group (n=24). The rats of experimental group were injected intraperitoneally with MA (15 mg/kg x 8 injections, at 12 hours interval). The rats of control group were administrated with saline. The tissues of striatum of two rat groups were harvested at 0.5 d, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 6 d and 7 d post initial administrations of MA or saline. The structure changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and CD-11b immunohistochemistry. The ratio of activated MG was calculated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: In the control group, the morphological characteristics of the MG showed that the cell bodies were small with slender processes, high electronic density nucleus, and fewer organelles known as the "fork-type". In contrast, the MG in the MA-induced neurotoxicity group displayed larger cell body, shorter cell processes or disappeared, lower electronic density nucleus and rich organelles, resembling "bush-like" or "amoeba-like". The ratio of activated MG in control group was below 0.15 at all timepoints, whereas in the experimental group, the ratio of activated MG increased significantly from day 1 to day 7 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The continuous MA stimulation of the CNS results in prominent MG activation.
Animals ; Corpus Striatum/pathology* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Methamphetamine/toxicity* ; Microglia/ultrastructure* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: The proposed Men's Health Index (MHI) aims to provide a practical and systematic framework for comprehensively assessing and stratifying older men with the intention of optimising their health and functional status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed from 1980 to 2012. We specifically looked for instruments which: assess men's health, frailty and fitness; predict life expectancy, mortality and morbidities. The instruments were assessed by the researchers who then agreed on the tools to be included in the MHI. When there was disagreements, the researchers discussed and reached a consensus guided by the principle that the MHI could be used in the primary care setting targetting men aged 55-65 years. RESULTS: The instruments chosen include the Charlson's Combined Comorbidity-Age Index; the International Index of Erectile Function-5; the International Prostate Symptom Score; the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male; the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument; the Sitting-Rising Test; the Senior Fitness Test; the Fitness Assessment Score; and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. A pilot test on eight men was carried out and showed that the men's health index is viable. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of assessing, stratifying, and optimizing men's health should be incorporated into routine health care, and this can be implemented by using the MHI. This index is particularly useful to primary care physicians who are in a strategic position to engage men at the peri-retirement age in a conversation about their life goals based on their current and predicted health status.
Aging/*physiology ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Life Expectancy/*trends ; Male ; Men's Health/*standards/*trends

Objective To identify the epidemiological features of COVID-19 epidemic in Chenzhou City, Hunan province so as to provide scientific evidence for effective containment of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to retrospectively characterize the confirmed COVID-19 cases and asymptomatic cases in Chenzhou City from January 23 through March 10, 2020. Results A total of 39 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 6 asymptomatic cases infection were documented in the city, with no death.We identified 8 clusters of COVID-19, which were all familial transmission.There was statistical difference between the sources of different types of epidemic (χ²=15.996, P < 0.001), in which all the local COVID-19 cases were the secondary cases in the clusters.As the epidemic expanded, the trend shifted from imported-case-centered to local-case-centered.The epidemic has covered 81.81% of the city area; in each area, the first COVID-19 cases were all imported. Conclusion The COVID-19 epidemic has been effectively controlled.At present, we focus on the quarantine in the entry and exit to prevent the imported epidemic.