Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is one of the most commonly encountered developmental toxicity, which could lead to perinatal morbidity and mortality, be also extended from the fetus to adulthood, and seriously affect the quality of the population. Caffeine widely exists in a variety of daily beverages and some drugs. Its consumption is increasing year by year. Caffeine intake during pregnancy is one of the risk factors for IUGR. However, its mechanism of adverse outcome based on embryonic research is still unclear. In this paper, the possible mechanisms of caffeine-induced IUGR focusing on 3 important factors-the mother, placenta and fetus were explored. Caffeine's impact on the mother is the chronic activation of renin-angiotensin system; on the placenta, caffeine induces cell damage or the failure of the cell proliferation/apoptosis balance, leading to blockage of blood supply to the placenta; caffeine is also capable of directly affecting fetal development through interfering its neuroendocrine.

A total of 120 patients with Ⅲ/Ⅳ degree hemorrhoids were randomly divided into 3 groups.Self-made drainage(A group),traditional device(B group)and stuffing(C group) were used at the end of operation.The patient postoperative complications and satisfaction were observed and compared.The results showed that postoperative abdominal distension,pain,medical dressing dampness and satisfaction were better in A group than those in B and C groups(all P ＜0.01).Postoperative abdominal distention in B group was lighter than that in C group and medical dressing dampness less in C group than that in B group (all P ＜ 0.01).Thus the self-made drainage device may reduce the levels of postoperative abdominal distension,pain and medical dressing dampness and increase postoperative patient satisfaction.

Objective To evaluate efficacy ,stability and safety after implantation of toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) to correct moderate to high myopic astigmatism .Methods This study evaluated 125 eyes of 71 patients with moderate to high myopic astigmatism who accepted TICL implantation .LogMAR uncorrected(UCVA) and best corrected(BCVA) visual acuity ,intraocular pressure ,cycloplegic refraction and manifest refraction examination were assessed preoperatively on 3 ,6 ,12 months postoperatively . The rotation of TICL axis were measured on 3 ,6 ,12 months postoperatively .Results 12 months postoperatively ,the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(LogMAR) UCVA were 0 .064 ± 0 .157 which were remarkably better than preoperative BCVA (P<0 .01) .119 eyes(95 .2% ) had postoperative UCVA better than or equal to preoperative BCVA .The manifest spherical refrac‐tion(absolute value) was (0 .36 ± 0 .41)D .105 (84 .0% ) eyes were within ± 0 .5 D .The mean manifest refractive cylinder was (-0 .63 ± 0 .61)D .109(87 .2% ) eyes had ≤ -1 .00 D .The mean rotation on 12 months postoperatively was (4 .76 ± 6 .14)° .The rotation of 101(80 .8% ) eyes were within 5 degrees .No vision threatening complications occurred during the observation period . Conclusion Implantation of TICL is safe and stable in the treatment of moderate to high myopic astigmatism .TICL is an ideal sur‐gical option to treat moderate to high myopic astigmatism .

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria separated from ascites of patients in Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from 2015 to 2021, and to provide a basis for rational clinical antimicrobial agents. Methods　Bacterial culture, bacterial identification and drug sensitivity analysis were performed on 1 058 non-duplicate ascites culture specimens from January 2015 to December 2021. The clinica1 and microbiologica1 data were ana1yzed by WHONET 5.6 and SAS 9.4 Results　Of the 1 058 specimens, 586 (55.39%) were positive for pathogenic bacteria, with a total of 781 strains isolated. There was no significant trend of increase or decrease in the positivity rate over different years. Male children (63.99%) were more prevalent than female children. Appendicitis (59.22%) was the most common disease and Escherichia coli was the most common causative bacteria. Among neonates (≤28 d), the bacteria with the highest detection rate were Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.50%) and Enterococcus faecium (23.50%), while among children (>28 d), the highest detection rate was Escherichia coli (35.98%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.79% of the 781 strains, mainly Escherichia coli (38.28%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.58%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.89%); Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.45%, mainly Enterococcus faecium (8.58%), Streptococcus constellatus (2.69%), and Enterococcus avium (2.43%); fungi accounted for 1.66% and anaerobic bacteria accounted for 4.10%. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and meropenem were 6.02%, 4.35%, 4.35%, and 3.68%, respectively. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to these drugs were 59.70%, 59.70%, 50.75% and 53.73% respectively. Linezolid-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium were found. Conclusion　Appendicitis is the most common abdominal infection in children, and the distribution of ascites pathogens varies with ages and diseases. The pathogenic bacteria are mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was more serious. It is particularly important to use antibiotics correctly and rationally to reduce the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.

Objective To investigate the susceptibility to oseltamivir of influenza pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 viruses in Guangdong province during 2009,provide valuable information of prescription for clinics,and elucidate the variant trend of the epidemic strain based on phylogenetic analysis.Methods During April to December 2009,clinical specimens were collected from sentinel hospitals covering the whole Guangdong province.Virus isolation was performed by in MDCK cells or embryonated chicken eggs.A fluorescence-based neuraminidase (NA) enzyme inhibition assay was conducted to measure influenza susceptibility.The NAI susceptibility of influenza virus was expressed as the concentration of NAI needed to inhibit the NA enzyme activity by 50％.A subset of 68 viruses were performed NA sequencing for detecting resistant mutations and studying variant trends.Results During surveillance,221 influenza pandemic A ( H1N1 ) viruses were isolated.All strains were sensitive to oseltamivir inhibition assay,with a median IC50 of 0.24 nmol/L (range 0.02 -1.66 nmol/L).No mutation related to resistance was found.Phylogenic analysis illustrated that these NA genes were homology high to 99.5％ - 100.0％ with those from other countries.Conclusions influenza pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir in Guangdong,and useful for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza infection.Little selective pressure was found by phylogenic analysis.Our laboratory will continue to observe antiviral-resistance among circulating influenza viruses.

AIMTo find out new oxazolidinone-fluoroquinolone derivatives with high antibacterial activity.

METHODSSome 7-{4-[2-[2-substituted-4-((5S)-5- acetylaminomethyl-2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-phenyl]-ethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-fluoroquinolones were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were tested in vitro.

RESULTSTwenty target compounds were obtained and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. The target compounds had high antibacterial activities in vitro, especially, the activity of compound 22 against Enterococcus faecium was 16-fold and 64-fold more potent than that of linezolid and norfloxacin, respectively, and its MIC value against Staphylococcus aureus was 4-fold lower than that of linezolid.

CONCLUSIONThe oxazolidinone-fluoroquinolone derivatives improved the antibacterial activities.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Fluoroquinolones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure ; Oxazolidinones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Staphylococcus ; drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on hepatocytes early growth response factor 1 ( EGR-1 ) in a rat liver autotransplantation. Methods The rat portal vein perfusion model was established for donor liver autotransplantation. Rats were then divided into group A:hypoxic preconditioning was done before transplantation; group B: rats undergoing liver transplantation without preconditioning; group C: Normal control group of rats. Liver histopathological changes, the mRNA expression of HIF-1, TNF-1 and the WB results of EGR-1 were compared between groups. Results The expression of HIF-1 α RNA determined in group A was more obvious than in group B and group C. Six hours after surgery, the expression in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (t =9. 601, df= 10, 2-tailed Sig = 0. 000, P<0. 05 ) ; Egr-1 protein expression in group A and group B increased after surgery,with that in group A being significantly lower than that in group B. The RT-PCR expression of TNF-α RNA in group B compared with group A and group C was more obvious. Six hours after operation, the expression of TNF in group B was significantly higher than that in group A ( t = -12. 067, df = 10, 2-tailed Sig =0. 000, P<0. 05 ). The expression of Egr-1 was positively correlated with that of TNF. A liver cell pathology showed less severe injury in structure of hepatic lobule, mild swelling of liver cells, no significant changes in liver tissue. Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning adaptation in rat liver transplantation generates modest increase in EGR-1, and reduces the production of TNF and other inflammatory factors.

Batch and continuous fermentation were adopted to investigate the effect of specific growth rate and amino acid components on RNA accumulation in Candida tropicalis ATCC 20408 in fermentation medium ( FM), yeast peptone dextrose medium (YPD), molasses fermentation medium ( MFM) and FM without corn steep liquor. The data showed that obvious differences in intracellular RNA accumulation were observed at different cell growth phases in bath fermentation prosess, and RNA level reached 11. 8% (g-RNA /g-DCW) during exponential phase, and only 6.9% during stationary phases. It was also found that intracellular RNA accumulation increased with the increase of specific growth rate in continue fermentation prosess, and the highest RNA level reached 15. 6% with the glucose conversion rate of 42. 8% at the dilution rate of 0. 5 h-1. Furthermore, the data showed that RNA lever was notably increased in batch fermentation process when amino acids or peptone was added into the fermentation medium containing no corn steep liquor. Taken together, it was reported for the first time that specific growth rate and amino acid components plays a leading role on the intracellular RNA accumulation in C. tropica lis, and specific growth rate is more important.

Objective To study the difference of attentional bias towards general negative words between non-mediated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and healthy controls.Methods Event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected from 26 non-mediated OCD patients and 24 normal controls while they performed an emotional Stroop task.Results Compared to healthy controls,OCD patients showed significantly longer reaction time (OCD:(467 ± 14.88) ms,Controls:(409.65 ± 15.49) ms,P＜ 0.01),and had significantly larger P2 and P3 amplitude to all three types of words (P2 amplitude:OCD:(10.41±0.49) μV,Controls:(8.89±0.48) μV,P＜0.05;P3 amplitude:(10.04±0.68) μV,Controls:(7.68±0.67) μV,P＜0.05).In addition,the P2 peak latency of the frontal area in OCD patients was significantly longer than that in healthy controls(OCD:(190.09±4.71) ms,Controls:(179.60±4.72) ms,P＜0.05).Conclusion Current findings suggest that OCD patients are characterized by a general attentional inhibition deficit but not an attentional bias to the negative words.

Objective To investigate the effect and possible signal pathway of brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on apoptosis of rat embryo brain cells suffering from intrauterine hypoxic - ischemic injury. Methods The uterine arteries of the pregnant rats were clamped for 30 minutes in both experimental group and control group. BDNF(2 ?g) was injected into rats in experimental group while saline was injected into rats in control group through caudal veins. The samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours re-spectively after artery clamping. Neuroapoptosis of different groups induced by ischemic damage was measured by TUNEL assay. The expression of extracellular signal - regulated kinase(ERK)and c - Jun - N - terminal kinase(JNK) were observed by immunohisloche-mistry.Results The number of apoptosis cells after hypoxic - ischemic injury increased progressively with time.The apoptosis cells number in experimental group were much lower in number than those of ischemic control group.The expression of ERK increased while the expression of JNK decreased in experimental group, comparing with that of the ischemic control group, with statistical signif-icance (P