Objective To investigate the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV-1)V3 loop amino acid mutations among AIDS patients in Shenzhen. Methods Fragments of HIV-1 env gene were amplified by RT-nested-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)from plasma of the AIDS patients in Shenzhen.The PCR products were then directly sequenced and the sequences were aligned,translated and analyzed. Results Sequence analysis showed that there were B and CRF01-AE HIV-1 subtypes in Shenzhen.The V3 loop terra peptide GPGQ accounted for about 48%,GPGR about 36%,other V3 loop terra peptide forms were 16%;the V3 loop central motif in the majority(76.9%)of the CRF01-AE strains was GPGQ,the majority(75%)of the B strains was GPGR.We also found some unusual terra peptide compositions:DQDR and DQGQ on the tip of V3 loop,some amino acid mutations at specific of V3 loop associated with SI phenotype were very common in AIDS patients(80%). Conclusions The V3 loop amino acid mutations were very common in AIDS patients,the V3 loop central motif in the majority was GPGQ and GPGR in Shenzhen,the mutations shows the change of HIV-1 phenotype and predicts that disease progress to AIDS.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and genetic homogeny of Salmonella from community acquired infections in Shenzhen,China.Methods Ninety-three of Salmonella were isolated from 2002 to 2007 at Shenzhen People's Hospital,China.PCR and DNA sequencing were used to investigate the mutation in QRDR of the gyrA,gyrB,parC and parE.Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes including qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr,β-lactamase genes including blaTEM,blaSHV,blaOXA, blaCTX-M, and class 1 integron were detected. All isolates were typed by PFGE. Results S. enterica typhi and S. enterica paratyphi A were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, with the susceptible rate of 96%-100%. Fifty-two percent (13/25) of S. enterica typhi and 95% (61/64) of S. enterica paratyphi A were resistant to nalidixic acid. Twenty-four percent (6/25) of nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica typhi and 94% (60/64) of nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica paratyphi A showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC of 0. 125-1 μg/ml).All nalidixic acid-resistant (susceptible to ciprofloxacin ) Salmonella (NARS) isolates had a single substitution in the QRDR of GyrA, and 91% (68/75) of these isolates carried the substitution Ser83Phe in GyrA. Two mutations in the QRDR of GyrA were detected in both of two ciprnfloxacin-resistant Salmonella,with the additional one mutation in the QRDR of parC. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes including qnr and aac(6')-lb-cr were not detected in any isolate. The blaCTX-M-14 gene was detected in a ceftriaxoneresistant isolate of S. enterica paratyphi A, with ISEcpl located on the upstream of it. Three muhidrugresistant strains of Salmonella all carried one 1 900 bp classⅠ integron gene cassette dhfrⅫ-orfF-aadA2,with the additional one β-lactamase gene of blaTEM-1, or blaOXA-30. Twenty-two distinct PFGE patterns were observed among twenty-five S. enterica typhi. The PFGE patterns of sixty-four S. enterica paratyphi A showed limited genetic diversity (average similarity of 91% ). Ninety investigated inpatients were infected in the community. Six patients infected by S. enterica paratyphi A had a travel history before infection. Conclusions Nalidixic acid-resistant S. enterica typhi and S. enterica paratyphi A are highly prevalent in Shenzhen,China. The mutation in the QRDR of GyrA is the prevalent mechanism responsible for the resistance to nalidixic acid in Slmonella. The great genetic similarity among S. enterica paratyphi A isolates indicates endemic disease from the presence of a single clone over 6-year period.

Objective: To analyze the mortality trend of bladder cancer among residents in Qidong, Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2016, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment strategy of bladder cancer in Qidong. Methods: The data of bladder cancer was collected from Qidong Cancer Registry.The crude mortality rate ( CR ), age-standardized rate by Chinese population in 2000 (CASR) and world population in 1960 ( WASR ), truncated rate (35-64 years) and cumulative rate ( 0-74 years ) were calculated. The annual percent change ( APC ) was used to analyze the trend of mortality in bladder cancer. Results: During from 1972 to 2016, There were 1 497 deaths due to bladder cancer in Qidong from 1972 to 2016. The CR, CASR and WASR were 2.96/105, 1.83/105 and 1.80/105, respectively. The APCs in CR, CASR, WASR of bladder cancer were 5.29%, 1.86% and 1.81%, respectively ( P<0.05 ), showing upward trends. The truncated rate, cumulative rate and cumulative risk were 1.47/105, 0.17% and 0.17%, respectively. The CR, CASR and WASR in males were 4.71/105, 2.97/105 and 3.31/105, respectively, which was higher than that of 1.26/105, 0.75/105, and 0.66/105 in females ( P<0.05 ). The APC of CR, CASR and WASR in males were 5.71%, 1.96% and 2.17%, respectively ( P<0.05 ), all showed upward trends. For females, the APC of CR was 4.47% ( P<0.05 ), showing an upward trend, but there was no significant change in CASR and WASR ( P>0.05 ). The CR of bladder cancer was high among people aged more than 55 years. The CR in 55-64-year-old group, 65-74-year-old group and more than 75-year-old group showed upward trends, with APC of 4.50%, 2.22% and 4.51%, respectively ( P<0.05 ). Conclusions From 1972 to 2016, the mortality of bladder cancer in Qidong showed an upward trend, which was relatively high in men and people aged over 55 years.

NS2 and NS3 are two post-transcriptional gene silencing suppressors that are encoded by Rice stripe virus. Gene silencing suppressors are always related to the pathogenicity of viruses. In this study, the cDNA of NS2 and NS3 were recombined by overlapping PCR assays, ligated to the RNAi vector, and inserted into the PXQ expression vector using Pst I; the expressed vector was transferred into calluses induced from seeds of the japonica rice cultivar, 'Nipponbare', using an Agrobacterium-mediated method. Thirty-one T0 transgenic plants were selected by G418 screening. PCR and southern blot analyses confirmed that the target gene was transformed into transgenic rice successfully, and different transgenic plants contained various copies of the gene. The disease resistance assay revealed that T0 transgenic rice had a delayed onset of RSV for approximately 10-20 d, and the accumulation of virus in the transgenic plants was reduced by 30%-50%. This was related to the delayed onset of disease.
Disease Resistance ; Oryza ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Plant Diseases ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; RNA Interference ; Tenuivirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; genetics ; immunology

Suitable pretreatment of biological samples can truly reflect the role of law of the measured components played in the body and will provide experimental evidence for the studies on metabolic process, material basis of efficacy, mechanism of action, pharmacology, toxicology and the others. Biological samples include blood, urine, hair, tears, etc. There are also many samples processing methods, such as the direct protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction and so on. These methods could be used alone or combined.
Animals ; Body Fluids ; chemistry ; Chemical Precipitation ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; Humans ; Liquid-Liquid Extraction ; Proteins ; isolation & purification ; Solid Phase Extraction

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Celiac Disease ; complications ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma ; complications ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Integrin alpha Chains ; metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology

To investigate the morphogenetic process of human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41), 293TE cells were infected with purified wild-type HAdV-41, and ultrathin sections of infected cells were prepared and observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results showed that HAdV-41 entered host cells mainly through three ways: non-clathrin-coated pit, clathrin-coated pit, and direct penetration of plasma membrane. In addition, cell microvilli might help HAdV-41 enter cells. After entering into cells, HAdV-41 virus particles could be found in vacuoles or lysosomes or be in a free state in cytoplasm. Only free virus particles could be found near nuclear pores (NP), suggesting that the virus needed to escape from lysosomes for effective infection and viral nucleoprotein entered the nucleus through NP. Progeny viruses were as-sembled in the nucleus. Three types of inclusion bodies, which were termed as fibrillous inclusion body, condense inclusion body, and stripped condense inclusion body, were involved in HAdV-41 morphogenesis. In the late phase of viral replication, the membrane integrity of the infected cells was lost and viral particles were released extracellularly. This study reveals the partial process of HAdV-41 morphogenesis and provides more biological information on HAdV-41.
Adenovirus Infections, Human ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane ; virology ; Cell Nucleus ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Release ; Virus Replication

Objective To investigate the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in brain tissue after ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Methods A model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced by suture method. Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham-operation (A), MCAO 30 min (B), MCAO 30 min and reperfusion 30 min (D), MCAO 30 minand reperfusion 60 min (E), MCAO 60 min (C); MCAO 60 min and reperfusion 30 min (F), and MCAO 60 min and reperfusion 60 min (G) groups (n=10 in each group). The rats in all groups underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) was calculated. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to detect the ratio of ischemic area. Immunohistochemistry, in site hybridization, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of AQP4. Results No abnormal intensity signals were observed on DWI in sham-operation group. The ranges of the high signal intensity lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were from small to large in groups B, C, D, E, F, and G. Then it reduced gradually, so did the ischemic area. The AQP4 expression was up-regulated significantly in groups B and E. The AQP4 expression was decreased significantly after the reperfusion in all groups. 1here was significant difference between ischemic groups and reperfusion groups (all P<0. 05). The expressions of rADC and AQP4 showed negative correlation (r=0. 72, P<0.01). Conclusions The AQP4 expression in brain tissue is closely associated with the changes of ADC after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. DWI may indirectly reflect the levels of AQP4 expression.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral sparganosis. Methods To summary four cases of cerebral sparganosis, focusing on the clinical course and imaging findings, with the goal of better diagnostic skills. Results All 4 cases had some kind of misdiagnosis and improvement after surgery or parasiticidal pharmacotherapy. Cerebral MRI and CT scans revealed relatively extensive white matter degeneration and focal enhancements. Subsequent scans showed changes in shape and location of the enhanced foci, indicating the migration of sparganum. Pathologic findings of 3 patients who had undergone surgery showed granuloma and sparganum. Conclusions Cerebral sparganosis has relatively special manifestions on imaging, which are of diagnostic value. The spaganum should be as completely removed as possible during surgery.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) in internal migrants is one of three threats for TB control in China. To address this threat, a project was launched in eight of the 19 districts of Shanghai in 2007 to provide transportation subsidies and living allowances for all migrant TB cases. This study aims to determine if this project contributed to improved TB control outcomes among migrants in urban Shanghai. Methods: This was a community intervention study. The data were derived from the TB Management Information System in three project districts and three non-project districts in Shanghai between 2006 and 2010. The impact of the project was estimated in a difference-in–difference (DID) analysis framework, and a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 1872 pulmonary TB (PTB) cases in internal migrants were included in the study. The treatment success rate (TSR) for migrant smear-positive cases in project districts increased from 59.9% in 2006 to 87.6% in 2010 (P < 0.001). The crude DID improvement of TSR was 18.9%. There was an increased probability of TSR in the project group before and after the project intervention period (coefficient = 1.156, odds ratio = 3.178, 95% confidence interval: 1.305–7.736, P = 0.011). Conclusion: The study showed the project could improve treatment success in migrant PTB cases. This was a short-term programme using special financial subsidies for all migrant PTB cases. It is recommended that project funds be continuously invested by governments with particular focus on the more vulnerable PTB cases among migrants.