Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

Objective To compare the consumption of the drugs for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in patients with different blood groups. Methods One hundred female ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 30-50 yr, body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 , scheduled for elective total hysterectomy or myomectomy, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the blood group: group A ( n= 25), group B ( n = 30), group AB ( n = 11 ) and group O ( n = 34). Patients received iv injection of flurbiprofen 30 min before the end of surgery and sufentanil at the end of surgery. PCIA with sufentanil 1.2 μg/ml ( bolus dose 2.0 ml, background infusion 0.5 ml/h, lockout interval 5 min) was performed when the VAS score ≤4. The loading dose and consumption on 1 st and 2nd day after operation for sufentanil were recorded. The adverse reactions were observed.Results The loading dose and consumption on 1st day after operation for sufentanil were the highest in group A and B, the second in group AB, and the lowest in group O among the 4 groups. Conclusion The consumption of the drugs for PCIA is different in patients with different blood groups.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia,which is rare in children.The treatment of APL mainly includes anthracycline-based chemotherapy,all-trans retinoic acid,and arsenic trioxide,which allow for complete remission,improve the long time survival rate and reduce related toxicity as well.About the optimized treatment,quick breakthroughs have already reached,not only at home in the 80's at the end of the 90's,but also abroad,like National Comprehensive Cancer Network of the United States in 2006-2013.This review summarizes the progress in diagnosis and treatment of children with APL.

Objective To investigate the effects of homemade tirofiban on activated-platelet and prethrombotic state in rabbit model of iliac artery injury by balloon angioplasty.Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits,lavaged with aspirin(12 mg/kg)and clopidogrel(16mg/kg)8～12hs before the experiment,followed by abrosia,were divided into 3 groups.The iliac artery injury models were set up successfully only in 30 out of the forty rabbits.Rabbits in the pre-treatment group(n=11)received homemade tirofiban right after being lavaged and the drug was given to the treatment group(n=13)later after the iliac artery was injured by PTCA balloon.Placebo was given to the control(n=6)after the injury.Blood samples were drawn before and after the procedure for platelet aggregation,sP-selectin and 6-Keto-PGF1? analysis.Changes in iliac systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)were monitored throughout the operation.Iliac arteriography and pathological study were carried out in some animals for analysis of the composition of thrombus.Results(1)The sP-selectin levels were different between the pre-treatment group and the treatment group(58.1?26.2 ?g/L vs 24.8?14.3 ?g/L pre-operation;53.2?40.2 ?g/L vs 53.5?27.7 ?g/L post-operation,respectively,P

Objective To explore the effects and safety of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on treating tinnitus.Methods A total of 102 normal hearing patients with tinnitus underwent active rTMS in the left temporoparietal region.Repetitive TMS consisted of 1 000 stimulations at 1 Hz daily and 110% of the motor cortex threshold for 5 consecutive days per week (Monday to Friday) for 2 weeks.A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess tinnitus loudness.All participants were interviewed regarding age, gender, tinnitus duration, laterality and pitch etc.Results Low-frequency rTMS significantly decreased tinnitus in the head after the active stimulation.After rTMS treatments, 34 cases of tinnitus in the head showed an effective rate of 70.6%, in which 2 patients reported complete tinnitus disappearance (5.9%), 22 cases had significantly reduced effect.Sixty-eight patients in the control group showed an effective rate of 64.7%, in which 1 case''s tinnitus disappeared (1.5%) and 43 cases significantly reduced.According to the results of PTA,the hearing thresholds of the two groups had no significant difference between before and after the treatment.There were no headaches, dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, burns, seizures in all the patients after treatment.Conclusion Active low-frequency rTMS resulted in a significant reduction in the loudness of tinnitus in the head.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of two kinds of treatment methods of selective operation and emergency surgery after implantation of stents.Methods:Methods the clinical data of 90 patients with obstructive colorectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively.Temporary placement of metal stents in 30 cases,Elective surgical treatment (stent group);60 cases of emergency operation (emergency operation group).Comparing stent group and a emergency surgical resection and self-agreement,operation time,postoperative ventilation time,complications and hospitalization mortality indicators.Results:stent group one stage resection self-agreement (96.67％) were significantly higher than those of emergency surgery group(56.67％,P＜ 0.001).Postoperative complications(6.67％) stent group was obviously lower emergency surgical group(26.67％,P＜ 0 05).Support group hospitalization mortality compared with emergency surgery group,The difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Support the operative time,postoperative ventilation time (156.13 ± 49.79) min and (3.60 ± 1.40) d,respectively,significantly lower than the emergency treatment (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Implant stents can rapidly and effectively alleviate symptoms of obstructive co orecta cancer After placing stents undergoing elective surgery compared with emergency surgery can increase the resection and self-agreement,reduce the complications and can be used as aeffect ve relieve obstructive colorectal cancer treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of porcelain bake cycles on oxide layer form ed on cobalt-chromium alloy surface.Methods:Fixed spot analysis of EPMA methods was adopted to measure the oxygen at o mic percentage inward from the edge of cross-section interface of alloy pieces. The adherent state of oxide layer on the surface of substrate alloy was observed .Results:The oxide layer on the surface of alloy had stable thickness and contain ed more and more oxide as porcelain firing times increased.In some area,oxide la yer fractured from the substrate metal.Conclusion:Cobalt-chromium alloy frame should be abrased and polished thoroughl y after porcelain bake cycles.

Chickenpox is an acute and highly infectious respiratory disease commonly seen in children.Varicela－zoster often results from the activation of latent virus in chickenpox called varicella－zoster virus（VZV）or called human herpesvirus type 3. Primary infection of VZV may induce typical disease of various severity and most healthy children infected with VZV have mild symptoms and good prognosis.But VZV infection，if occurs in special population such as persons of immune inhibition treatment will induce serious consequence or even death and it is as same serious as in adults.A detailed illustration of molecular biology，epidemiology，laboratory diagnosis，treatment and preventive strategy of the VZV were given.

Baculoviruses are a family of arthropod-specific viruses that produce two morphologically distinct types of virions (budded and occlusion-derived) in their lifecycle. Baculoviruses establish infection in the midgut of their host via the oral route: occlusion-derived virions have pivotal roles in these processes. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of baculoviruses, and discusses the composition and classification of baculovirus occlusion-derived virions. The latter focuses mainly on the evolution and role of multiple occlusion-derived virions in the lifecycle of baculoviruses. These achievements should aid understanding the evolution and infection mechanisms of baculoviruses.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; Insecta ; virology ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virion ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology

A part of pathogenetic factors of hypertensionin twenty--seven patients with hypertensive NIDDM (group 1) were observed. The control groupsincluded non-hypertensive NIDDM (group 2, n=46 ), primary hypertension (group 3, n= 15) andhealthy persons (group 4, n= 15). The oral glu-cose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin releasing test(IRT ), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an-giotensin I (ATI), aldosterone (ALD), wholeblood volume and urine protein were measured.The results showed that the plasma insulin andsodium levels and the whole blood volume weresignificantly higher in group 1 than those in con-trol group 2, the ANP level was rather lower than that in control group 4. Although the results werecorresponded with the theory that the circulatinghyperinsulinemia may lead to sodium retention andinhibited an adequate ANP stimulation by sodiumchallenge which turn to hypertension, nonhyper-tensive NIDDM patients (group 2) also have thesame findinge. So the retention of sodium and wa-ter can't be used to explain the mechanism of hy-pertension in NIDDM patients, the other patho-genetic factors especialy the factors related to thehyperinsulinemia such as PGE and PGI need to beinvestigated futher.