BACKGROUND: Parameters of platelet can reflect functions of coagulation. Granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), which is also called P-Selectin, in α-granules of platelets can reflect activities of platelet. Dysfunction of blood sugar and blood lipid in diabetic patients can result in complications such as thrombotic diseases.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the variation regulation of the platelet parameters and GMP-140 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.DESIGN: A case-control study.SETTING:Department of Clinical Laboratory and Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: From March to April 2005, forty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were treated at the Department of Endocrinology,Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, were enrolled as diabetic group, and 45 healthy people, who were checked with health examination at the same period,were selected as control group. They all joined the experiment voluntarily. METHODS: Changes of quantity of blood platelet, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelett-large cell ratio (PLCR) were analyzed with blood cell counter. GMP-140 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), meanwhile, compared with those of the healthy people.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Contents of the parameters of platelets and GMP-140 of subjects in the two group s.RESULTS: A total of 90 cases without drop out, 45 cases in the diabetic group and control group, respectively, were involved in the result analysis.①Comparison of the content of GMP-140 in the two groups: It was significantly higher in the diabetic group than that in the control group [(28.8±10.3) ,(9.1±5.6)μg/L(t=2.37,P ＜ 0.01 )]. ②Comparison of parameters of blood platelet of subjects of the two groups: The MPV, PDW and P-LCR in patients of the diabetic group were markedly higher than those in the control group (t=2.02, 2.02, 2.02, P ＜ 0.01 ), while the blood platelets (PLT)was dramatically lower than that in the control group (t=2.15, P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: The MPV, PDW, P-LCR and the content of GMP-140 of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly increase, while the PLT decreases, which indicate that platelet activity enhances and the consumption of platelet increases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: The parameters of blood platelet(B-PLT) can reflect its thrombo-function, but the variation of blood-platelet parameters in patients with thrombotic disease is controversial and not unanimous.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changing rule of the B-PLT parameters in patients with cerebral infarction(CI), and investigate whether blood cell counter can be used in the evaluation of the variation of B-PLT parameters in CI patients.DESIGN: A case-control and experimental study based on patients and healthy people.SETTING: Department of laboratory and internal medicine in a university.PARTICIPANTS: During the January and March 2002, 37 CI patients including 28 males and 9 females aged 45 - 87 years were selected from Department of Neurology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Among 37 healthy people,20 males and 17 females aged 40 - 60 years were selected as control group.METHODS: Platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio(P-LCR) and the changing quantity of B-PLT of 37 CI patients were analyzed with blood cell counter, meanwhile,the healthy people were analyzed as control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes of B-PLT parameters in two groups respectively.RESULTS: A positive relation between PDW and P-LCR was observed and between P-LCR and MPV as well( r = 0. 99, 0.92, P ＜ 0. 001 ). A negative correlation between B-PLT quantity and MPV was observed and also between B-PLTquantity and P-LCR(r= -0.58, -0.59, P ＜0.05) .In CI patients, PDW, MPV and P-LCR were(14.51 ± 2. 88)%, (10.95 ± 1.48) fl and(34.24 ± 11.23)% respectively, which were higher than those of healthy people [ (12. 86 ± 2.02)%, (10. 19 ± 1.29) fl, (28.47 ± 9.41 )% ]respectively, and the difference was significant( P =0. 019 31, 0. 021 77 and 0.026 35), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in B-PLT quantity.CONCLUSION: The blood platelets' parameters in CI patients, which reflect the function of the B-PLT, are significantly higher than those in healthy people. It shows that the enhanced function of platelet is a risk factor of cerebral infarction, the use of blood cell counter in analysis can observe the variation of the platelets' function rapidly and accurately. It can be a useful method of the therapy and prevention in CI patients.

Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is commonly transmitted through blood transfu-sion, sexual contact and mother-to-child transmission. The number of patients with HIV infection has kept growing in the last three decades. Although the wide application of antiretroviral therapy ( ART) has effec-tively suppressed the replication of HIV, the emergence of drug resistant mutants compromises the efficacy of ART. What is worse is that there has been transmission of drug resistance strains in ART-na?ve HIV-infected individuals. This review describes the distribution of transmitted drug resistance strains in different regions and high risk population as well as the factors associated with the transmission in recent years.

In the last decade, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, which is characterized by being high-throughput, rapid, sensitive, and accurate, has developed rapidly. Main components of NGS are platforms: 454 sequencing; illumina sequencing; ion torrent sequencing; SOLID sequencing. NGS is used widely for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. In this review, we focus on applications of the dynamics of HIV-1 quasispecies.
Animals ; HIV Infections ; virology ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; methods ; Humans

AlM:To explore the clinical outcome of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C ( MMC) on glaucoma.
METHODS: A total of 57 patients (95 eyes) of primary glaucoma were randomly divided into two groups, 31 patients ( 54 eyes ) in trabeculectomy with MMC ( T+MMC ) group, which received trabeculectomy with 0. 2mg/mL MMC in surgical sites, and 26 patients ( 41 eyes ) in trabeculectomy ( T ) group. The anterior chamber, bleb, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) and complications were observed. The post-operative follow-up periods ranged between 4 and 6mo.
RESULTS:The mean lOP was 11. 24 ± 3. 73mmHg on 1d in group T+MMC. There was the significant difference compared with preoperative lOP ( P<0. 01 ), while no difference with the group T (P>0. 05). At final follow-up, the lOP was significantly different between group T+MMC and group T (16. 15±3. 62mmHg vs 18. 79±5. 27mmHg, P<0. 05). The rate of bleb formation was 94. 44% and 80. 48%in group T+MMC and T, respectively (P<0. 01). The postoperative complications were seldom, hyphema and corneal edema, and were cured finally.
CONCLUSlON:Trabeculectomy with MMC for glaucoma can effectively reduce postoperative scar formation of the filtration passage and lower the lOP to a target level with fewer complications.

AIM: To analyze the clinical value of femtosecond laser in vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
METHODS: We selected 100 patients ( 102 eyes ) undergoing vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in our hospital from October 31 2013 to October 31 2015. They were divided into routine operation group, 50 cases (52 eyes), and femtosecond laser group, 50 cases (50 eyes). The parameters were compared between the two groups, including total operation time, postoperative complications ( elevated intraocular pressure, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment ), postoperative intraocular pressure and postoperative half of the visual acuity ( near visual acuity, visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity).
RESULTS: The difference on total operation time of the two groups was statistically significant ( P < 0. 05). The differences between the two groups on postoperative intraocular pressure, uveitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment were not statistically significant ( P >0. 05). There were no significant differences on internal pressure, near visual acuity, far visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity at 6mo after surgery (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser in vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation has a high safety and efficacy with the advantages as accurate, efficient.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying common Candida species .Meth‐ods Articles were extensively collected by searching the databases of MEDLINE and EMBase ,the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM ) ,the Chinese Scientific Journals Database (CSJD) ,the Chinese Journal Full Text Database (CJFD) and through other ways . The qualities of these articles were assessed by using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies(QUADAS) .At last , summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was performed by the Meta‐Disc software ,so as to summarize diagnostic accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying common Candida species .Results A total of 7 articles meeting all criteria were enrolled in this study .All 7 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying the Candida albi‐cans ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 98 .3% and 98 .8% respectively ,and area under SROC curve (AUC) was 0 .998 0 .A‐mong them ,6 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying Candida tropicalis ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 92 .5% and 99 .8% respectively ,and the AUC was 0 .998 3 .Among them ,5 articles reported the accuracy of CHROMagar Candida medium in identifying Candida Glabrata ,the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 98 .3% and 98 .7% respec‐tively ,and the AUC was 0 .996 8 .Conclusion CHROMagar Candida medium could quickly identify clinical common Candida species and results are reliable .

Objective To investigate the ratio of apoptosis to proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in gastric carcinoma(GC) and elucidate the possible role of apoptosis and proliferation in the development of GC.Methods Apoptosis and PCNA were examined in 24 cases with gastric carcinoma and in 24 cases of the surrounding non-cancerous tissue embedded in paraffin by TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining technique respectively.Results The study indicated that the proliferation labeling indices(PIs) in GC(51 2) was significantly higher than that in the surrounding non-cancerous tissue(27 4),and the apoptotic indices(AIs) in GC(3 1) was significantly lower than that in the surrounding non-cancerous tissue(5 4)(P

Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Graft Occlusion, Vascular ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Heart Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans

Child ; Humans ; Nephrology ; Pediatrics