Penis is one of the most important components of male external genitalia.Congenital abnormalities and trauma may lead to genitourinary organ damage or default,which require reconstruction.With the development of tissue engineering(TE),penile corpora cavernosa tissue engineening has becoming the core of the penis reconstruction.Recent researches mainly focus on forming scaffolds and transplanting cells(including of endothelial cells and caveruosal smooth muscle cells). Recently, stem cell technology, gene therapy and nervous reconstructive techniques have been combined to promote the development of tissue engineering.Tissue engineering has been thought to be able to make possible the restoring and constructing of the structure and normal funetion of penile corpora cavernosa.This paper gives a review of the recent progress in associated researches on tissue engineering of the penile corpora cavernosa.

ObjectiveTo study the characteristics of gastric cancer under gastroscopy.Methods From Jan.2005 to Dec.2010,160 patients were diagnosed of gastric cancer by endoscopic biopsy.Clinical data of these patients were retrospectively summarized and analyzed.ResultsThere is a high rate of HP infection [71.25％ (114/160)]in the 160 cases with gastric cancer,especially in males,and the infection rate increased with age( Z =2.303,P =0.021 ).For the general morphology of gastric cancer,it was mainly Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ-types for those below or equals to 35 years old(9 cases).The rate of Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types reduced and that of BorrmannⅠ& Ⅱ types increased with age.The ratio of male to female with gastric cancer was 2.26:1.However,the incidence of gastric cancer was higher in young female compared with young males.With the increase of age,the rate of prevalence of gastric cancer grew higher in males than in females ( Z =3.599,P ＜0.001 ).Incidence of gastric fundus-cardia and corpus cancer increased with age.Most patients had low-differentiation adenocarcinoma despite the specific sites of gastric cancer.However,the incidence of low-differentiation adenocarcinoma decreased with age(x2 =9.831,P=0.042).ConclusionThe development of gastric cancer is closely associated with HP infection.For the general morphology of gastric cancer,Borrmann Ⅲ & Ⅳ types decrease and Borrmann Ⅰ & Ⅱ types increase with age.The incidence of gastric cancer in male and that located at proximal stomach are increased with age.Moreover,the incidence of high-grade malignant gastric cancer is increased with age.

Objective:To investigate the effects of ?-lipoic acid on cell proliferation and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule1(ICAM-1) induced by high glucose(HG) in rat mesangial cells(MCs).Methods: Rat mesangial cells were co-cultured with normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L,NG group),high glucose(25 mmol/L,HG group),and HG+?-lipoic acid(50,100,200,300 ?mol/L)for 12,24 and 48 h,respectively.Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT;the levels of ICAM-1 in the supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);and ICAM-1 mRNA expression was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results: ?-lipoic acid at 50-300 ?mol/L inhibited the proliferation of MCs.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that ?-lipoic acid(100 and 200 ?mol/L)significantly inhibited the high glucose-induced increase of ICAM-1 mRNA((P

Objective To investigate the application value of the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) ,folic acid (FA) and vitamin B12 (VB12 ) levels in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD complicating impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) .Methods 80 triers screened by the inclusion criteria were divided into the simple CHD group (36 cases) and the CHD complicating IGT group(44 cases);70 healthy cases were taken as the controls .Hcy ,FA and VB12 levels were measured and the detection results were performed the statistical analysis .Results The Hcy level in both experimental groups were higher than that in the control group , the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,the positive rates were 94 .4% in the simple CHD group and 88 .6% in the CHD complicating IGT group respectively ;The plasma FA level in both experimental groups were lower than that in the control group ,meanwhile ,plasma Hcy level and FA level showed a negative correlation (P<0 .05);The VB12 level had no statistical differ-ence among 3 groups (P>0 .05) ,and the correlation analysis between the Hcy level in the two experimental groups with VB 12 had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Plasma Hcy level in CHD and CHD complicating IGT is very high and negatively correlated with the FA level ,dynamically detecting the Hcy level has an important significance for early warning and treatment of CHD and CHD complicating IGT .

There is a higher incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China.During the past decades,esophageal surgery in China has achieved great development through the efforts of several generations of thoracic surgeons.At present there are still many difficulties and challenges for thoracic surgeons.This review will summarize current major difficulties in esophageal surgery and propose some possible solutions.

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)is an alliance of 21 world leading cancer centers in the U.S.A,working together to develop treatment guidelines for most cancers.The primary goal of all NCCN initiatives is to improve the quality,effectiveness,and efficiency of oncology practice so that patients can live better.The NCCN guidelines have become the most widely used in oncology practice.These guidelines are updated continually and are based upon evaluation of scientific data.The NCCN Esophageal Cancer Guidelines have no Chinese version at present and were not yet used in our clinical practice.We are in an attempt to interpret the NCCN Esophageal Cancer Guidelines in conjunction with our clinical practice in the management of esophageal cancer.

This paper analyses the existing problems in the clinical study of esophageal cancer at present.The author suggests that more attention should be paid to the clinical research for esophageal cancer and puts forward the feasible countermeasure and advices.

Objective: To analyze FPGA technology in diagnostic ultrasound B signal processing system in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further development of diagnostic ultrasound signal processing. Methods:Analysis of FPGA technology in diagnostic ultrasound signal processing system for the study through literature study to analyze the relevant principles. Results: FPGA to be more widely used in ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in full. Conclusion: It comprehensively improved the reliability and flexibility of ultrasound diagnostic signal processing system, making the modular, miniature, diversification, serialization and the rapid development of digital direction.

China ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Esophagus ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; methods ; trends

Kidney disease is very general in clinic, most of it has complex mechanism and is refractory, often with demonstrations of edema, proteinuria and blood urine, and it often recurs and develops over insufficiency and pathogeny. Analyzing the clinical demonstrations and treatment of kidney disease with“lung viscera state”in“Internal Classics”, we can find the theories have guide meaning on treating and preventing the recurrence and development of kidney diseases, such as “upper energizer developing and distributing flavors of five cereals”on treating proteinuria, “lung stretching water channels and down-flowing bladder”on treating edema,“Shaoyin belonging to kidney which connects with lung”on treating blood urine.