Objective To study the relationship between the intervals of Mitomycin C treatment and cytotoxicity, apoptosis and drug resistance for bladder cancer cells.Methods The bladder transitional cell cancer line BIU-87 was treated for two hours every time for five times with intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively.Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT.p53,bcl-2,Bax and p170 expression were analyzed by Western blot.Results The IC_(50)(?g/ml)were 4.41,0.71,2.83,4.51and 6.16 with treatment intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively, p53 and bcl-2 were significantly down-regulated and bcl-2/Bax was re- duced at 24 hour treatment interval but not changed at 48,72 and 96 hour intervals,p170 was not detected at 24 hour treatment interval but increasingly expressed at 48,72 and 96 hours intervals.Conclusion The in- terval of Mitomycin C treatment is closely related with cytotoxieity and apoptosis and drug resistance of blad- der cancer cells.The intervals of intravesical instillations may play an important role in the effect of chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo analyze PD-1 expression in CD8 + T cell of Peripheral blood with HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure and effect on CD8+ T cell.

METHODSWe selected 60 patients with HBV-ACLF and collected their peripheral blood. We analyzed the expressions of PD-1, CD95, perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B, CD107a on CD8+ T lymphocytes and the expression of PD-L1 on monocytes peripheral blood by using flow cytometry. 15 liver cirrhosis patients( LC) and 15 healthy individuals( HC) are control groups.

RESULTPD-1 expression was (1) The PD-1 expression in HBV-ACLF patients was significantly elevated compared with those in HC and lower in improved group than that in invalid group and death group (P < 0.05) and increased from prophase, metaphase to advanced stage (P < 0.05). Moreover, (2) PD-L1 expression on monocytes was positively correlated with disease progression. (P < 0.05). (3) Both PD-1 and CD95 expressions were higher in dead group than those in improved and non-improved groups. Perforin, granzymes and CD107a expressions on CD8+ T cells significantly increased in dead group compared with those in improved and non-improved groups (P < 0.05). However, PD-1 expressions on these cells were lower, compared with normal persons.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in HBV-ACLF patients was positively correlated with disease progression. The elevated PD-1 expression promoted apoptosis of CD8+ T cells. For HBV-ACLF patients, the PD-1 expression on effector CD8+ T cells was lower than those in other CD8+ T cells, which maybe accounted for the failure to controlling immune injury in liver.

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hepatitis B virus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Liver Failure, Acute ; immunology ; metabolism ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor

This paper introduced an experimental study of polylacticacid (PLA) nanoparticles of lipophilic anti-cancer herb drug using a precipitation method. Cucurbitacins (Cu) and Curcuminoids (Cur) were selected to be model drugs. They had similar solubility but their incorporation effects were significantly different: the average drug entrapment ratio, the average drug loading and the average drug recovery were 38.53%, 2.21% and 27.02% respectively; while those of Cur-PLA-NP were 94.36%, 14.35% and 91.23% respectively. To analyse the reason, drug incorporation process was investigated. By measuring solvent evaporation rate, ratio of drug PLA precipitates, drug distribution in system and entrapping ratio at different time of preparation, we found the difference of precipitation velocity of drug was the main reason. We also concluded that not all lipophilic drug can be well entrapped into PLA nanoparticle by nanoprecipitation method. The drug incorporation depended on the interations among drug, PLA and organic solvents, in addition to the solubility of the drug.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cucurbitacins ; chemistry ; Curcumin ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; methods ; Particle Size ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; chemistry

AIMTo establish an HPLC method for the determination of daurisoline (DS) in rabbit plasma and investigate its pharmacokinetic characteristics after intravenous administration.

METHODSDauricine was used as internal standard. The plasma samples were deproteinated with acetonitrile and extracted with two-step dichloromethane. Acetonitrile-water-triethylamine (18:82:0.28, pH 3) was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1. The UV-detector was set at 284 nm.

RESULTSThe linear range was 0.05-20.00 micrograms.h.mL-1 with correlation coefficients 0.9996. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.05 mg.L-1 of plasma. The absolute and relative recoveries were above 80% and (101 +/- 5)%, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation were 1.9%-5.6% and 3.5%-6.5%, respectively. The plasma concentration-time profiles were adequately described by a two-compartment open model.

CONCLUSIONA sensitive, precise and accurate method for the determination of DS in plasma was described, which can be used in its pharmacokinetic studies.

Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Benzylisoquinolines ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Male ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo detect the polymorphisms of Radix Plygoni Multiflori in chongqing by means of a new marker system SRAP.

METHODDifferent shaples of Radix Plygoni Multiflori from major production areas were collected. The SRAP was used to asses divergence among 16 populations. The data were analyzed using unweighted pairgroup method, based on arithmetic averages (UPGMA) bootstrap analysis. Cluster analyses was performed by using DPSv3.01 software, the alkaloid was extracted from P. ternate with chlorolform.

RESULT104 combinations generated 250 polymorphie bands, the cluster analysis indicated that 16 materials could be distinguished into two main groups and one special type, Nei&Li similarity coefficient ranged from 0.23-0.99, and the average distance is 0. 44.

CONCLUSIONThe results of the study showed a potential application of SRAP fingerprinting for identification of Radix Plygoni Multiflori.

Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; methods ; Phylogeny ; Plant Roots ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; Polygonum ; classification ; genetics

This paper introduced an experimental study of the preparation of polylacticacid (PLA) nanoparticles of cucurbitacin (CuC) using a precipitation method. The residual acetone, ratio of CuC PLA precipitates, and the relationships between the ratios of two precipitates and drug incorporation rates were measured. It appeared that the nanoparticles with 60% of PLA incorporated with 5.5% of CuC were formed when acetone was injected into the aqueous phase. As the acetone gradually evaporated, drug incorporation/encapsulation continued, with most of CuC (about 70%) formed new crystalline cores and suspended in the form of microcrystals in the medium, resulting a suspension containing both nanoparticles and microcrystals. We also concluded that this system may not necessarily be suitable for all lipophilic drugs to be prepared to PLA nanoparticles with good incorporation rate. The drug incorporation depended on the interactions among drug, PLA, and organic solvents, in addition to the solubility of the drug.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Cucurbitacins ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Lactic Acid ; Microspheres ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of lemon peel essential oil (LPE) on the cariogenicity of Streptococcus sobrinus (Ss).

METHODSLPE was extracted by the authors, and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was measured by disc diffusion method. The LPE was used as the experimental group with concentrations ranging from 2.250 g/L to 0.281 g/L prepared with trypticase peptone yeast (TPY) culture medium, and TPY culture medium was used as the control group. Ss at the concentration of 10(8) CFU/ml was added to each group, and cultured for 6, 18, 24, 48 hours. Neson-Somogyi method was used to measure the content of reducing sugar, and glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by lactic acid and pyruvic acid continuous monitoring method. The content of water insoluble glucan (WIG) was measured by anthrone method, and the pH value of the culture solution was detected. The value of pH before the experiment and the time difference was alculated as ΔpH.

RESULTSAt the same time point, the activity of GTF and LDH and the concentration of WIG and the value ΔpH decreased gradually with the increase of concentration of LPE. There were significant differences between each experimental group and control group (P < 0.01). The control group had the maximum value, GTF: (6.71 ± 0.61) mIU, LDH: (135.8 ± 1.7) U/L, WIG: (47.15 ± 5.12) mg/L, ΔpH: (2.67 ± 0.01). The highest drug concentration group had the minimum value: GTF: (0.39 ± 0.07) mIU, LDH: (95.0 ± 5.4) U/L, WIG: (2.44 ± 0.38) mg/L, ΔpH: (0.61 ± 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe LPE below the MIC could still inhibit the GTF, LDH activity and lead to the decrease of WIG and the acid production.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucans ; biosynthesis ; Glucosyltransferases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Lactate Dehydrogenases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology ; Streptococcus sobrinus ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEIn children with congenital heart diseases who have undergone surgical interventions, postoperative arrhythmias frequently complicate the clinical course. "Incisional" atrial tachycardia or flutter is one of the most common forms of postoperative arrhythmias in these patients and can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate how to use antiarrhythmic drugs and the CARTO system to treat these cases.

METHODSThere were 12 patients with "incisional" atrial tachycardia or flutter complicating surgery for congenital heart diseases in this study (3 patients with correction of tetrology of Fallot, 3 with atrial septal defect repair, 2 with ventricular septal defect repair, 1 with switch, 1 with repair of Ebstein's anomaly, 1 with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, and 1 with atrial septal closure with the Amplatzer septal occlusion). Patients whose body weight was less than 10 kg or those who did not wish to accept ablation were treated with antiarrhythmic drugs, including digitoxin, propranolol, metoprolol and cordarone. CARTO system was used to map 6 patients whose body weight was more than 10 kg and who agreed with accepting ablation for atrial tachycardia and flutter. Radio-frequency ablation was performed in these 6 cases including two cases of "incisional" atrial tachycardia and 4 of atrial flutter.

RESULTS(1) The antiarrhythmic drug was successful in 6 patients with "incisional" atrial tachycardia. (2) Six patients including 2 children with "incisional" atrial tachycardia and 4 children with atrial flutter were successfully ablated. But one case of "incisional" atrial tachycardia relapsed after 3 months of ablation. This case, however, was successfully ablated again later. No further relapse was observed during the 2 - 24 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONAblation of "incisional" atrial tachycardia and flutter is the first choice to treat the patients whose body weight is more than 10 kg and those who agree with accepting ablation by CARTO system. Drug therapy of "incisional" atrial tachycardia and flutter is palliative and it is the only selection to treat the patients whose body weight is less than 10 kg or those who do not wish to accept ablation procedure.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Flutter ; etiology ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Postoperative Care ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cardia ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagogastric Junction ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Sirtuin 1 ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo compare results of the growth and development of the upper dental arch and the velopharyngeal closure of the cleft patients treated by two methods.

METHODSThe dental cast of patient and X-ray films were measured and the statistical medical records were analyzed.

RESULTSThe transverse distance of upper dental arch was found to be wider in group A than in group B. The anterior-posterior distance of the dental arch in bilateral cleft group was shorter in group A than in group B. The difference of the two groups were gradually lessened as age increases. Bony bridge in alveolar gap was 63% and 83.3% in unilateral and bilateral cleft group respectively. 15% of cases in group A and 35.2% in group B needed pharyngeal flap.

CONCLUSIONSThe stable upper dental arch in group A can opposes the pressure from the lip muscles, this maintains the width of the arch. But A-P distance of upper dental arch in BCLP in group A should be followed up after the age of 9 years. Pharyngeal flap is needed less in group A than in group B.

Alveolar Process ; growth & development ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Palate, Soft ; surgery