Objective To evaluate the toxicity of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide on the cornea,lens,ciliary body and retina in rabbit eyes. Methods Thirty-two gray rabbits were divided into four groups(n=8).The rabbits were intravitreally injected with buffered saline solution(control group),4 mg triamcinolone acetonide(group B),1.3 mg triamcinolone acetonide(group C) and vehicle(group D).Intraocular pressure,scotopic and photopic electroretinogram examinations were performed before injection and at different time points after injection.Histologic and ultrastructural changes were observed 1 week,1 month and 3 months after injection. Results Compared with the other groups,the intraocular pressure of group B was significantly increased on day 1,week 1 and week 2 after injection(P

Objective To investigate the healing mechanism of the rabbit's selerotomy sites undergoing the transconjunctival su- tureless vitrectomy(TSV),and to compare the wound healing effect of the different surgery procedures.Design Experimental study. Participants New Zealand white rabbits.Methods Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups:the core vitrec- tomy and fluid-air exchange (Group A),the core vitrectomy (Group B),the non-core vitrectomy and fluid-fir exchange (Group C) and the non-core vitrectomy(Group D).Intraocular pressure(IOP)was measured on the day preoperatively and the day 1,3,5,7,14 postopera- tively with Tonopen tonometers.Sclerotomy sites were investigated with the ultrasound biomicroscope(UBM)on the day 1,5 and 9 postoperatively,and the internal and the external diameter of the wound was estimated on the day 1 postoperatively.The pathological sections of the sclerotomy sites on the day 3,5 and 9 postoperatively were observed under the light microscope.Main Outcome Mea- sures IOP,the internal and external diameter of the wound.Results The IOP of Group A was obviously higher than the other groups on the day 1 postoperatively (P

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a common acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease.It is a risk warning sign and needs to be evaluated and treated urgently.This article reviews the development history of the definition of TIA and its evolution,and TIA prognostic rating scale in order to conduct a comprehensive evaluation,risk stratification and appropriate treatment in patients with TIA,thereby reducing the risk of stroke after TIA.

Humans ; Interferons ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Objective To explore the effect of hepatitis B virus(HBV) on the expression of complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) and its regulatory mechanism.Methods Differentially expressed genes between HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells was screened by gene chip,serum complement component 3 (C3) and 4 (C4) levels in patients with HBV infection and in healthy individuals were measured by Immunoturbidimetry,HBV infectious clone pHBV1.3 was transfected into HepG2 cells,and expression of C3 and C4 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Expression of C3 and C4 mRNA was lower in HepG2.2.15 cells than in HepG2 cells,serum C3 and C4 levels was much lower in patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatic carcinoma as compared to healthy individuals (P＜0.05 ).HBV could downregulate the expression of C3 and C4 at mRNA and protein levels.Conclusion HBV may inhibit the expression both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective To summarize the experience and lesson of surgical treatment of acute traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 516 cases with acute traumatic brain injury treated surgi- cally from January 2001 to December 2004 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Of all,there were 56 cases with simple comminuted depressed fractures,138 with brain contusion and laceration and/ or intracerebral hematoma,122 with epidural hematoma,126 with suhdural hematoma,48 with diffuse brain swelling,18 with open brain injuries and eight with other kind of injury,all of whom were treated with standard large eraniectomy under general anaesthesia.The treatment results were evaluated by Glas- cow Outcome Scale(GOS).Results Of all,standard large craniectomy was performed in 194 cases, of which 304 cases(58.9%)were with good recovery,66(12.8%)with moderate deficit,72(13.9%) with severe deficit,12(2.3%)under persistent vegetative status and 62(12.0%)died 3-6 months after surgery.Conclusions More attention should be paid to surgery for traumatic brain injury.Individual surgical treatment should be performed under surgical principles.

The varicela-zoster virus(VZV) infection causes central vasculopathy,and then leads to stroke onset. This article review s the correlation betw een VZV infection and stroke onset in order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of patients w ith VZV infection, thereby reducing the risk of stroke after VZV infection.

Objective To investigate the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in hospitals in Yunnan Province in 2015, and provide basis for formulating HAI control measures.Methods A cross-sectional survey on HAI prevalence rate , antimicrobial use,and pathogenic detection in 116 hospitals in Yunnan Province were conducted by combined methods of bed-side survey and medical record reviewing.Results A total of 64 386 hospitalized patients participated in the survey, the prevalence rate of HAI was 2.11%(n=1 357), and case prevalence rate was 2.29%(n=1 476).Difference in prevalence rates of HAI, antimicrobial usage rates, and pathogenic detection among hospitals of different beds were all significant(all P <0.01).The top 3 departments of HAI distribution were intensive care units(20.99%), burn departments(8.00%), and hematology departments (7.34%);the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(42.68%);HAI mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria(69.28%), the major were Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Antimicrobial usage rate at the survey day was 35.62 %, bacterial detection rate in patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial use was 59.56%.Conclusion The cross-sectional survey on prevalence of HAI is helpful for understanding the current status of HAI, calculation of the percentile distribution of each index can promote self-evaluation for HAI-related work in each hospital.

Objective To investigate the effect of Amp activated protein kinase(AMPK)activity in radiosensitivity of human na-sopharyngeal carcinoma cells .Methods Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells ,CNE-2 ,were treated with AMPK inhibitor ,Com-pound C(CC) ,for 1 h .Then cells were explored in X-ray .The expression of total AMPK (t-AMPK) ,phosphorylation AMPK (p-AMPK) ,and MAPlLC3 were detected by Western blot .The number of autophagosomes were observed and calculated by transmis-sion electron microscope(TEM) .Cells processed with CC were explored in X-ray .MTT assay was used to detect the difference of two groups in cell proliferation .Cell apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry .Results The expression of p-AMPK in CC group cells were significantly downregulated compared to the negative control group cells (P< 0 .01) ,while no significant change of t-AMPK expression were found(P>0 .05) .The expression of MAPlLC3 and the number of autophagosomes in CC group cells were significantly decreased compared to the control group cells (P<0 .05) .Correspondingly ,the cell proliferation rate in CC group was lower than in control group ,and the percent of apoptosis cells was higher in CC group than in control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Suppression of AM PK activity could inhibited autophagy induced by decreasing the degree of p-AM PK ,then enhanced the effect of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion in CNE-2 cells .The AMPK inhibitor ,CC ,can serve as an effective assistant treatment of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma .

Objective To explore whether synergistic action occurs in development of depression-like behaviors using ovariectomy combined bondage stress,and whether hippocampal neural progenitor state is changed following depression-like behaviors in mice.Methods Forty female C57B/L mice were divided into four groups randomly,which included ovariectomy,bondage stress,ovariectomy combined bondage stress and sham groups.Depression-like behaviors were evaluated by open field test,sucrose preference and forced swimming test after animals had been treated for 21 days.All animals were fixed by 4％ PA perfusion through left ventricle,then brain was removed,and coronal serials sections were made.Expression of Ki67 and DCX was tested by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence in subgranular zone of hippocampal dentate gyrus (SGZ).Results Body weight((18.70± 0.25) g vs (20.96±0.24)g),novelty-seeking behavior and sucrose preference decreased in ovariectomy combined bondage stress-group compared with those in sham group (P＜0.05),but forced swimming time increased in shame group((165.6±9.6)s vs (140.28±12.3) s).Likewisely,Ki67-positive cells((8.6±2.4)/section) and DCX-positive cells((4.2±1.4)/section) in SGZ decreased in ovariectomy combined bondage stress-group compared with those in sham group(Ki67:(16.7±2.5/section),DCX:(12.6±2.3/section) (P＜0.05).Unsimilarly,depressionlike behaviors had little change in ovariectomy-or bondage stress-groups compared with those in sham-group.Conclusion Ovariectomy combined bondage stress has synergistic action in development of depression,and inhibits the active state of progenitor in SGZ in mice.