AIM:To investigate the effect of oleuropein on interleukin-1β( IL-1β)-induced SD rat articular chondrocytes .METHODS:The SD rat articular chondrocytes were isolated by 2 step enzyme digestions .The chondrocytes were cultured in vitro.Inverted microscopic observation was performed during the culture .Alcian blue staining and type II collagen immunohistochemical staining were used to identify the chondrocytes .The effects of oleuropein on the viability of chondrocytes were determined by CCK-8 assay.The cells in 3rd passage were pretreated with oleuropein at 10, 50 or 100 μmol/L and subsequently stimulated with IL-1βat 10 μg/L for 24 h.Production of prostaglandin E 2 ( PGE2 ) and ni-tric oxide (NO) were evaluated by the Griess reaction and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP)-1 and MMP-13 was measured by real-time PCR.The protein levels of in-ducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were detected by Western blotting .RESULTS:The cell viability of chondrocytes was not significantly impaired by treating with oleuropein at concentration of 10, 50 or 100μmol/L for 24 h compared with control group .Pretreatment with oleuropein significantly in-hibited the production of PGE 2 and NO induced by IL-1β.Oleuropein also significantly decreased the IL-1β-stimulated MMP-1 and MMP-13 mRNA expression in articular chondrocytes .Pretreatment with oleuropein inhibited the IL-1β-media-ted activation of NF-κB by suppressing the degradation of its inhibitory protein IκBαin the cytoplasm .CONCLUSION:Oleuropein inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammatory gene expression by suppressing NF-κB activation at the transcriptional le-vel, suggesting a new mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of oleuropein as a novel agent on treating with osteoarthri-tis.

Objective To integrate research training into clinical teaching effectively, the essential steps are understanding the students` demand and mastery, factors hindering learning and how to learn effectively.MethodsStudents in 7th grade in Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), graduate students and residents under clinical training, trained doctors for advanced studies from primary hospitals were surveyed with questionnaire by collecting educational background, the demand of learning medical research methodology, factors hindering learning, specific issues need in medical research methodology, learning model and assessment approaches.Results Totally 69 people were surveyed.92.75% of the respondents said they had studied medical research methodology and related courses before.However, 51 people (73.91%) answer they cannot read literatures with critical thinking.52 people (75.37%) indicated that they had difficulty in conducting research.58 (84.06%) people said it is very necessary to study the medical research methodology.No learning opportunities and enough time were the main hinders forlearning relevant knowledge.The top three high-demanding issues are sample size calculation and statistical knowledge, study design, and how to use the statistical software.44 (63.77%) people suggest e-learning with case based learning.Conclusions Integrate medical research methodology teaching into clinical teaching is in high-demand for students.E-learning is suggested with case based learning.

Objective To explore the relation of fat cells factor and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients were divided into obesity group, non-obese group and normal control group.To detect the FINs, FPG, TG, TC, LDL,HDL,APN,CTRP3,leptin and TNF-α, according to the formula of HOMA,to analyze the correlation between indicators.Results 1).Compared with normal control group, DM group significantly decrease serum APN, CTRP3 level, compared with non-obesity group, obesity group APN, CTRP3 level significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The leptin level elevated (P<0.05).2)APN concentration and age, BMI, FPG, TG, TC, LDL, FINs, HOMA-IR has negative correlation;CTRP3 andFPG,FINs, HOMA-negative correlation IR(P<0.05), TG was positively correlated (P<0.05);TNF-α and FPG and positively correlated (P< 0.05).Conclusions T2DM patients` serum APN, CTRP3 and high Leptin levels are closely associated with obesity, HOMA-IR, FPG and TG as an independent factor can be used as a new sensitive index of evaluating the degree of insulin resistance.

Objective To detect the gene expression of Pax6 in retinoblastoma (Rb).Design Experimental study.Participants Six cases of fresh Rb tumors and two established Rb cell lines.Six cases of retina tissues as normal control group.Methods Pax6 gene ex- pression was assessed in two established Rb cell lines,six primary tumors and six cases of retina tissues using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Main Outcome Measures Expression of Pax6 gene in fresh retinoblastoma tis- sue and cell lines.Results The mRNA of Pax6 gene was positive in all two established Rb cell lines and the six primary Rb tumors using RT-PCR.The protein of Pax6 gene was also positive in Western blot.Pax6 mRNA and protein expression in the Rb tumors were increased compared with normal control group (P

OBJECTIVETo observe the induction of apoptosis of cisplatin (DDP) to oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (Tca8113) in vitro and study the role of Survivin on the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells induced by cisplatin.

METHODSThe inhibitory effects of different doses of DDP on Tca8113 cells were assayed with MTT test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of Survivin was detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSCisplatin obviously inhibited Tca8113 cells growth in a dose and time dependent manner. The apoptotic index showed the similar trend. Survivin gene expression was decreased with increasing of time and reached the lowest level at 24 hours after DDP treatment, then increased after that time.

CONCLUSIONCisplatin gene can effectively induce apoptosis in Tca8113 cells and the inhibition of Survivin gene expression may play a critical role on Tca8113 cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cisplatin ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence, risk factors and preventative methods associated with chyle leak following complete mesocolic excision(CME) for colon cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 592 patients with colon cancer undergoing CME in the department of Colorectal Surgery in the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from September 2000 to September 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSChyle leak occurred in 46 patients(7.7%). The incidence of postoperative chyle leak following right CME hemicolectomy was 13.3%(30/226), significantly higher than that after left CME hemicolectomy (4.4%). On univariate analysis, chyle leak following CME was associated with tumor size(P<0.05), tumor location(P<0.01), and lymph nodes harvested(P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that tumor location and lymph nodes harvested were independent risk factors associated with chyle leak following CME(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTumor location and lymph nodes harvested are independent risk factors for chyle leak following complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer. When the drainage output suddenly increases after oral intake resumption, the chyle test of ascitic fluid should be performed for early diagnosis and prompt management.

Aged ; Chylous Ascites ; etiology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mesocolon ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo introduction of perforator flaps,muscle flaps pedicled by descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery,method and their clinical application that multiple soft tissue defects of hand are repaire by muliplefoliated tissue flap only branch lateral circumflex femoral artery.MethodsFifteen patients with multiple soft tissue defects of hand were repaired muliplefoliated tissue flap only pedicled bydescending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery.At first,the anterolateral thigh perforator flap was designed and harvested according to the soft tissue defects of hand, then the descending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery was dissected at the same time the segmented perforator flap,fascia lata flap,rectus femoris muscle flap, vastus lateralis muscle flap, vastus intermedius muscle flap and distal spatium intermusculare flap were harvested in need according to distance among soft tissue defects.The muliplefoliated tissue flap was harvested only pedicled by descending branch lateral circumflex femoral artery, at last muscle flaps and fascia lata flaps were covered by skin graft, so the multiple soft tissue defects of hand were repaired in one time.ResultsNo vascular crisis happened. All skin grafts survived well, the contour of all repaired soft tissue defects was good and protective feeling was recovered by skin grafts of all flaps. All cases were got follow-up and the range was from 6 to 20 months(the average was 8.7 months).Wound of donor site healed well, muscle strength of quadriceps and motion of knee were normal. Three cases were excellent,nine cases were well and 3 cases were good, according to upper extremity function evaluation criteria of Chinese Medical Society for the Surgery of the Hand, the rate of good was 80 percent.ConclusionMultiple soft tissue defects of hand can be repaired by muliplefoliated flap only pedicled by descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery. Its advantages included reduction of operation time and treatment, good recovery of hand contour and function. It is a good method to repair multiple soft tissue defects of hand.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the neuroprotective potential of lycopene on oxidative stress and neurobehavioral abnormalities in rotenone induced Parkinson' disease (PD).

METHODSForty adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): control, lycopene (10 mg/kg body weight, orally), rotenone (3 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally) and rotenone plus lycopene, which were sacrificed for 5 weeks. The spectrophotometry was used to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in substantia nigra and right striatum. At the same time, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN) and microtubule-associated protein 3 light chain (LC3-B) positive neurons were estimated by immunohistochemistry. We also examined neurobehavioral abnormalities by WT-200 water maze.

RESULTSRotenone administration increased the MDA levels and significantly decreased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT. However, lycopene administration to the rotenone treated animals increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT when compared to rotenone treated animals in substantia nigra and right striatum. The cognitive and motor deficits in rotenone administered animals, which were reversed on lycopene treatment. Along with this, the number of TH decreased, alpha-SYN increased and LC3-B positive neurons increased in rotenone administered animals, which were reversed on lycopene treatment.

CONCLUSIONCollectively, these observations provide an evidence for beneficial effect of lycopene supplementation in rotenone-induced PD and suggest therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases involving accentuated oxidative stress.

Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain ; drug effects ; Carotenoids ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Parkinson Disease ; metabolism ; Rotenone ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the occurrence of anastomotic bleeding following laparoscopic and open radical resection for rectal carcinoma, and to explore its contributing factors.

METHODSTwo hundred and sixty-three cases of rectal carcinoma undergone radical resection were divided into 2 groups, laparoscopic surgery (LS) group (n=86) and open surgery (OS) group (n=177). According to the different locations of anastomotic stoma and with or without preventive colostomy, the two groups were divided into AR sub-group and LAR/UAR sub-group, colostomy sub-group and non-colostomy sub-group. After analyzing the incidence of anastomotic bleeding in each sub-group, a logistic regression model was established to determine the relationships between anastomotic bleeding and three contributing factors including surgical approaches (LS or OS), location of stoma (AR or LAR/UAR) and preventive colostomy.

RESULTSAnastomotic bleeding occurred on 16 out of 263 patients with radical resection of rectal cancer (6.1%). The rates of anastomotic bleeding in LS group and OS group were 9.3% and 4.5%, in colostomy and non-colostomy were 8.1% and 5.5%, and in AR group and LAR/UAR group were 3.3% and 12.1% respectively, there were no significant differences between them (P>0.05). Comparing the two different surgical approaches (LS vs OS), the coefficient of regression, odd ratio and standard coefficient of regression for LS were 1.319, 3.741 and 0.342 respectively. In comparison of the locations of anastomosis (AR vs LAR/UAR), the three index for LAR/UAR were 2.460, 11.704, and 0.632 respectively. Comparing colostomy with non-colostomy, the three index for colostomy were -1.394, 0.248, and -0.327 respectively.

CONCLUSIONSAnastomotic bleeding after radical rectectomy is related to the choice of surgical approach, location of anastomosis and with or without preventive colostomy. Both LS and LAR/UAR are risk factors, and preventive colostomy is a protective factor. Regarding to the significance of three factors, location of anastomosis takes the first place, following by surgical method and with or without preventive colostomy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Colostomy ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate and compare the incidence rates of postoperative anastomotic leak following laparoscopic (LP) versus open (OP) lower anterior resection for rectal cancer.

METHODSFifty-three cases of LP and 135 cases of OP lower anterior resection with rectal cancer site 5-8 cm away from anal edge were operated by the same surgeon team from Sep. 2000 to Dec. 2005. The differences of postoperative anastomotic leak of protective stomy and non-protective stomy between LP and OP groups were analysed.

RESULTSIn LP group, the incidence rates of the postoperative anastomotic leak of protective stomy and non-protective stomy were 4.6% (1/22) and 6.5% (2/31) respectively (P>0.05, chi(2)=0.088). In OP group, the incidence rates were 2.3% (1/43) and 8.7% (8/92) respectively (P>0.05, chi(2)=1.024). No significant difference existed between LP and OP groups with protective stomy (P=0.455), neither did LP and OP groups without protective stomy (P=0.288).

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic low anterior resection of rectal cancer is a safe procedure. It doesn't increase the incidence rate of anastomotic leak as compared to traditional open surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Female ; Fistula ; etiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; Laparotomy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Surgical Stomas ; pathology