Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of breast cancer-associated antigen 1(BRCAA1)gene silencing on gastric cancer MGC-803 cells and the related mechanism.Methods:Plasmid shRNA-BRCAA1 and shRNA-N were constructed and transfected with FuGene HD into gastric cancer cell line MGC-803.The transfection efficiency was examined using fluorescent microscope 24 h later.The total RNAs was extracted 48 h 'after transfection and the expression of BRCAA1 and GAPDH gene were analyzed by real-time PCR.The cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay 24 h,48 h,and 72 h after transfection.The cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-PE/TAAD.The expression of Rb,Bax, Bcl-2 and BRCAA1 proteins was analyzed by Western blotting 48 h after transfection.Results:We found that the transfection efficiency of shRNA-BRCAA1 was(81.2?2.6)%24 h after transfection.Forty-eight hours after transfection with shRNA-BRCAA1 the expression of BRCAAI mRNA decreased by 61.4%;the inhibition rate of MGC-803 cells growth was 45.0%.The cell apoptosis rate of shRNA-BRCAA1 transfection group was significantly higher than those of untransfected group and mock plasmid transfected group([14.4?1.6]%vs[5.4?2.0]%,[4.4?2.5]%,P

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of external bracket fixation in the treat- ment of complex tibia diaphysis fracture involving intra-articular fractures.Methods Forty-two cases of complex tibia diaphysis fracture with proximal and distal intra-articular fractures treated surgically in our hospital from January 1999 to January 2004 were analyzed.The complex tibia diaphysis fractures were categorized according to the AO classification as type C2 (multiple segments fracture) and type C3 (ir- regular fracture),proximal and distal intra-articular fractures in 23 and 19 cases,respectively.Definite operation was done within one week.Twenty-two cases were treated with simple external fixator,and 20 cases treated with screws and external fixator.Results All the 42 cases were followed-up regularly. According to AO evaluation of the knee and ankle joint movement,83% (35/42 cases) of the cases gained satisfactory functional outcome,14% (6/42 cases) had quite satisfactory results and 2% (1/42 case) had unsatisfactory functional outcome.Conclusion External bracket fixation can obtain outcome of relative length of the tibia and fibula,tube structure reconstruction,smoothness of the articular surface and the parallel and symmetric relation of knees and ankles for complex tibia diaphysis fracture with proxi- mal and distal intra-articular fracture.The arthritis resulting in pain in movement and restriction of func- tion is considered to be the most important factor affecting the joint function.Early functional exercise is important for best recovery of knee and ankle function.

Total 1350 subjects were selected by cluster random sampling from Chongwen District and Shijingshan District in Beijing with a populations of 100 000.Chongwen District represented a typical urban district and Shijingshan represtnted a newly extended urban district.Qualified investigators conducted face-to-face survey using the uniform questionnaire and measurement, dealing with the knowledge, attitude and behavior for risk factors of stroke in two districts.The results showed:in Chongwen District, the awareness rates of "the diagnostic criteria of hypertension", "antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of cardiocerebral vascular disease", and "criteria for obesity" were 71.3%, 87.3% and 22.9% respectively,which were significantly higher than those in Shijingshan District.The awareness rate of "bad temper may increase the risk of cardiocerebral vascular disease" was lower in the Chongwen District.There were no significant differences in attitude between two districts.In Chongwen District the level of three risk factors (smoking and obesity) was significantly lower than Shijingshan, but action of self-examination was also significantly lower.Generally, there was higher level in health knowledge and lower level of risk factors in Chongwen District.The hypertension-related knowledge and behavior was not entirely consistent.It is necessary to transform knowledge into behavioral changes or intervention of risk factors in population with high awareness like Chongwen District.

Objective To investigate the effects of high spermatic vessel dissection on testicular morphological alteration of SD rats in prepuberty,puberty and sexual maturity phases.Methods Thirty-day-old SD rats were divided into 2 groups underwent sham operation and left high spermatic vessel dissection as a simulation of Palomo′s maneuver.Detailed morphological investigations were made at 3 different postoperative intervals among the 3rd day,30th day and 56th day.Results High spermatic vessel dissection in prepubertal rats induced acute testicular ischemia in the operated testes on the 3rd day.Most of the operated testes on the 30th day showed testicular atrophy.And all the operated testes showed testicular atrophy and sperm disappearance in epididymis on the 56th day.Conclusion High dissection of spermatic vessel in prepubertal rats induced testicular ischemia in prepuberty and testicular growth failure in puberty,testicular atrophy completely and sperm production losing in sexual maturity phase.

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the value of the metastatic to examined lymph nodes (rN) ratio in gastric cancer patients who underwent radical resection.

METHODSIn this retrospective study, data were collected from the medical records of 710 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy (R0) for gastric cancer from 1980 to 2006 in the Department of Surgical Oncology at the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the number of examined lymph nodes: Group 1 consisted of 327 patients with <15 examined lymph nodes and Group 2 consisted of 383 patients with ≥15 lymph nodes. rN categories staging and pN categories were divided separately according to the metastatic lymph node ratio and the examined lymph nodes. The prognostic factors were analyzed by univariate (Log-rank) and multivariate (Cox model) analysis methods.

RESULTSThe median survival time was 74 months (95% CI:55.6-92.4 months) in Group 1 and 96 months (95% CI:77.8-119.2 months) in Group 2, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). On multivariate analysis, the N ratio remained as an independent prognostic factor in both Group 1 (P<0.01, RR=1.225, 95% CI:1.102-1.362) and Group 2 (P<0.01, RR=1.421, 95% CI:1.269-1.592). However, pN stage was an independent prognostic factor only in Group 1. When the rN ratio classification was applied, there were no significant differences between each categories (P>0.05). However, the overall survival of patients with pN1 disease in Group 1 was significantly shorter than that in Group 2 according to the pN stage classification (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe metastatic lymph node ratio is an independent prognostic factor of the prognosis of gastric cancer. The staging system based on metastatic lymph node ratio (rN) is more reliable than the system based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the prediction of the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of endoscopic resection and traditional procedure in the management of sinonasal inverted papilloma with a staging system based on endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-two patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma treated surgically were retrospectively reviewed. There were 23 cases in stage I; 119 cases in stage II; 65 cases in stage III and 15 cases in stage IV. Among these patients, 122 cases were treated endoscopically; 100 cases were treated by traditional surgical techniques, including 56 cases with lateral rhinotomy; 27 cases with intranasal approach and 15 cases with Caldwell-Luc technique.

RESULTSThe inverted papilloma was removed completely and no serious complications were encountered by all four kinds of techniques used. With an average follow-up of 3. 8 years, the recurrence rate for endoscopic group was 14.8% (18/122, four patients were in group I; nine in group II; four in group III; and one patient in group IV. No recurrence was found in group III who underwent endoscopic excision combined with Caldwell-Luc procedure. The recurrence rate for lateral rhinotomy group was 33. 9% (19/56, one patients in group I; six in group II; nine in group III; three in group IV). The recurrence rate for intranasal approach group was 51.9% (14/27, two patients were in group I; ten in group II; and two in group III). The recurrence rate for Caldwell-Luc procedure group was 29.4% (5/17, all in group II and group III). Regardless of approaches, patients who had primary resection had a recurrence of 26. 8%, whereas those with secondary resection had a recurrence of 20. 9% (P = 0.39).

CONCLUSIONSThe endoscopic surgical technique was proved to be a better method for treating sinonasal inverted papilloma in stage I and stage II. Better results for patients in stage III would be achieved by combining endoscopic technique with Caldwell-Luc procedure. As to patients with stage IV, radical external approaches should be considered.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Papilloma, Inverted ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

AIMTo investigate the stereoselectivity in absorption of trans tramadol (trans T) in rat intestine.

METHODSThe duodenum, jejunum and ileum were separately perfusated in situ with trans T dissolved in Krebs-Ringer buffer. Trans T enantiomers in the perfusate were analyzed with a high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method.

RESULTSThe absorbed fractions of trans T enantiomers were similar among the different segments of the rat intestine. The absorbed fraction of (+)-trans T was lower than that of (-)-trans T when the concentration of trans T was not higher than 40 mumol.L-1. As the concentration of trans T increased, the absorbed fractions of trans T enantiomers were reduced and the difference in absorbed fractions between trans T enantiomers became not significant.

CONCLUSIONTrans T enantiomers can be absorbed in different parts of the rat intestine. The intestinal absorption of trans T was stereoselective, (-)-trans T being preferentially absorbed.

Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Duodenum ; metabolism ; Female ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestine, Small ; metabolism ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stereoisomerism ; Tramadol ; pharmacokinetics

The extraction of active ingredient group, i.e., prim-o-glucosylcimifugin, astragaloside, and 5-o-methylvisammiosode from Yupingfeng powder with one-pot method was studied in this work. A HPLC method was used to determine the content of each active constituent mentioned above in the extract. The influences of extraction temperature, time, volume percent of ethanol in water and its amount added on the content and yield of active ingredient group were investigated by orthogonal test. The experimental results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were as follows: 1g of Yupingfeng powder was one-pot extracted for 4 hours at 80 degrees C with 90% ethanol as solvent, and the yield and content of active ingredient group were 0.16%, 0.53% respectively. The active ingredient group in Yupingfeng powder could be effectively one-pot extracted under the conditions above.
Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Powders ; Saponins ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Temperature ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Water ; chemistry ; Xanthenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of surgery in the treatment of giant mass lung cancer and to analyze prognostic factors affecting surgical result.

METHODSFrom August 1992 to August 2005, the clinical data of 137 patients with giant mass lung cancer ( > or =8 cm in diameter) were retrospectively reviewed. 122 cases had radical resection with 63 lobectomies, 48 pneumonectomy and 11 other resection modes, the remaining 15 patients underwent palliative resection. The prognostic factors including sex, tumor size, p-TNM stage, T stage, N stage, histological types and operation extent were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and logrank was used for comparing survival difference. Univariate and multivariate prognostic factors for survival were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model.

RESULTSThe overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 76.0%, 49.2% and 40.1%, respectively. Sex (P = 0.001), p-TNM stage (P = 0.001), N stage (P = 0.042), surgical approach (P = 0.026) and T stage (P = 0.006) were found to be prognostic factors in Cox univariate analysis. p-TNM stage (P = 0.001) were identified as an independent prognostic factor in Cox multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONp-TNM stage is the crucial prognostic factor in surgical treatment for giant mass lung cancer. Strict selection of candidate for resection and complete resection may be helpful in improving survival in patient with giant mass lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pneumonectomy ; methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of C reactive protein (CRP) on endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) function.

METHODSMononuclear cells (MNCs), isolated from bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent cell filtration, were plated on fibronectin coated culture dishes. After 7 days, adherent cells were cultured with different concentrations of CRP (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 microg/ml) for 48 hours. EPCs proliferation and migration ability were observed and adhesion assay was performed. The eNOS mRNA expression of EPCs were measured by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe number of EPCs in CRP groups (10, 15, 20microg/ml) was obviously lower than that in control group (54 +/- 3, 47 +/- 3, 39 +/- 5 vs.60 +/- 3, P < 0.01). EPCs proliferation capacity was inhibited in CRP groups (10, 15, 20 microg/ml) compared with that in control group (0.297 +/- 0.036, 0.273 +/- 0.013, 0.259 +/- 0.035 vs. 0.345 +/- 0.014, P < 0.01). EPCs migration capacity was inhibited significantly in CRP groups (5, 10, 15, 20 microg/ml) than that in control group (28 +/- 2, 22 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3, 16 +/- 2 vs. 30 +/- 2, P < 0.05). EPCs adhensive number was lower in CRP groups than that in control group (11 +/- 2, 9 +/- 2, 6 +/- 2, 5 +/- 1 vs. 12 +/- 2, P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of eNOS in CRP groups were significantly lower in control group. And compared with control group, NOS activity decreased significantly in CRP groups (10, 15, 20 microg/ml) (57.44 +/- 3.25, 48.37 +/- 3.86, 36.82 +/- 4.89 vs. 68.56 +/- 2.82, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCRP could both reduce EPCs number and inhibit EPCs functions.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; C-Reactive Protein ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects