Objective To understand the basic experimental teaching of functional science in order to promote transformative learning. Methods Random sampling questionnaire survey was con-ducted among 274 students (2011 grade, 5-year-program) majored in clinical medicine, medical lab-oratory and medical imaging in Kunming Medical University. Investigation primarily aimed at the stu-dents' learning attitude, learning objectives, and teaching content. Excel 2003 was used for data en-try, percentage of each questionnaire option was calculated and the findings were directly described. Results 94.76%(253/267) students preferred basic experiment; 82.40%(220/267) students hoped to open long term laboratory;97.38%(260/267) students thought that basic experiment could help pro-mote understanding and theoretical knowledge of physiology; 98.50%(262/267) students thought the explain of the basic theories and the operation prior to each experiment were good; 78.27%(209/267) students were willing to strengthen the basic operation while only 59.18%(158/267) students would like to analyze the experiment results. Conclusions Basic experiment of functional science is wel-comed by students. Due to the lack of independent thinking ability of students, experiment course should de designed to promote interest-oriented transformative learning and to culture transformation perspective, finally achieving the transformative learning.

Objective To investigate the changes of the serum level of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)in patients with cerebrovascular disease and its clinical significance. Methods The serum level of hs-CRP in 60 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 60 patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage and 40 healthy persons were determined.All the patients were scored by clinic neurological deficit scale(NDS),and were compared in groups. Results The serum level of hs-CRP in patients with acute cerebral infarction and with acute cerebral hemorrhage were significantly higher than that in normal controls(t=19.712 13.217 P <0.01).There was no obvious difference between the patients with acute cerebral infarction and with acute cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion The serum level of hs-CRP was closely correlated with the severity of cerebrovascular disease.

Uremia caused secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the common and serious complications caused by uremia. Surgery treatment is effective. Total parathyroidectomy plus forearm transplantation is more commonly used because of exact outcomes and easy monitoring. It is necessary to be fully prepared be-fore operation,particularly to clarify the location of parathyroid gland. Yet each surgical method has its re-lapse rate.

To investigate the effect of C/EBP βon the neuroinflammation.Recently,neuroinflamma-tion research mainly focused on C/EBP β,more and more researches indicated that C/EBP βmay play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases.We searched the published papers in PubMed,CNKI,and Wan Fang date bases in June 2015.The key words were used asCCAAT enhancer binding protein beta,Neu-ron,Neuroinflammationand so on.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summaried and analyzed the literatures.Eventually,42 articles were adapted,most of which were foused on the functions and mechanisms of C/EBP βin neuroinflammation.C/EBP βparticipate in multiple signaling pathways of neu-roinflammation,and the regulation mechanism is complicated.Abrogation of C/EBPβexpression or its down-regulation by gene regulation may may serve as a therapeutic target to attenuate deleterious effects in neural tissue and ultimately prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNA-Tg).Methods This study included 63 patients with thyroid cancer or with enlarged lymph nodes during the follow-up from Aug.2010 to Jun.2012.Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was done in the 63 patients with 79 suspicious enlarged lymph nodes.Then thyroglobulin(Tg) in FNA washout fluid and serum Tg were assayed with electrochemiluminescenceimmunoassay(ECLIA).Diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and area under the ROC curve were evaluated according to 5 predetermined threshold levels:FNA-Tg/serum-Tg ＞ 1,mean + 2SD of node-negative patients,10 ng/ml,optimal operating point of ROC curve and 1000 ng/ml.Results The sensitivity value was 90.70％,90.70％,95.35％,90.70％ and 65.12％ respectively on the 5 threshold level,significantly lower than those on the threshold level of 1000 ng/ml(P ＜0.05).The specificity value was 97.22％,91.67％,72.22％,97.22％ and 100％ (P ＞0.05) on those threshold levels,significantly lower than those on the threshold level of 10 ng/ml (P ＜0.05).The area under the ROC curve was 0.940,0.912,0.838,0.940 and 0.826 respectively.There was no statistical difference(P ＞0.05).Conclusion Selecting FNA-Tg/serum-Tg ＞ 1 as a positive threshold value can be a secondary diagnosis of lymph nodes metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Objective To define the expression of Shh/Gli1,the key elements of Hedgehog signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) and to explore the relationship between the expression of Shh/Gli1 and clinical significance.Methods The expression of Shh and Gli1 was examined in 142 cases of PTC tissues and adjacent tumor thyroid tissues as control by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between the expression of Shh/Gli1 and clinical characteristics of PTC patients was analyzed.Results The positive rate of the cytoplasm Shh expression and the nuclear Gli1 expression was 64.1% and 47.9% ,respectively.Significant difference was found between normal thyroid tissues and PTC.The research showed that the expression of Shh/Gli1 was related to the tumor size,clinical stages and lymph node metastasis,Shh was more significantly related to the tumor size(P ＜0.01) and Gli1 was more significantly related to the lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Varying expression of the main ligand Shh and transcription factor Gli1 in Hedgehog signaling pathway was found in PTC.The expression of Shh/Gli1 was related to the tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis,indicating that the aberrant activation of Shh signaling pathway plays some roles in PTC.Shh/Gli1 may be indicators for prognosis and ideal targets for therapy against PTC.

Objective To approach the guide of ultrasound-guided minimally invasive biopsy technique in diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases. Methods One hundred and seventeen cases (a total of 131 nodules, nodules 0. 5-1.5 cm in diameter, with an average diameter of approximately 0. 8 cm) with thyroid nodules , under Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive biopsy techniques from October 2008 to July 2009 were analyzed. Result One hundred and seventeen cases of patients with biopsy derived satisfaction were not ap-parent discomfort and complications after biopsy. Across 59 cases of surgical treatment in patients with biop-sy, and preoperative biopsy and postoperative pathologic is not fully consistent in only two cases, 58 patients without surgical treatment, who is combined with symptoms, palpation, serum thyroxine and color Doppler ultrasound and other laboratory examinations, and regularly review treated with symptomatic treatment, the symptoms, and color Doppler ultrasound imaging were much better under the treatment. 8 cases of patients in 117 cases of minimally invasive biopsy have cervical lymph node biopsy at the same time, biopsy patholo-gy and postoperative results are consistent with postoperative pathologic (7 cases of metastatic carcinoma, 1 case of reactive hyperplasia), accuracy was 100%. Conclusion Uhrasound-guided minimally invasive bi-opsy technique have important guiding for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases, consistent with the high rate of clinical, especially for the preoperative diagnosis of small nodules, to avoid unnecessary over-treatment, can also reduce the misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer. While this technology is simple, safe and ac-curate, which have clinical value in the thyroid surgery.

One hundred and eighty three women with high risk of breast cancer identified in Baoding First Central Hospital from June 2007 to June 2014,were enrolled in the study.In these 183 cases,41 received preventive therapy (22.4％),142 did not.Factors associated with acceptance of chemoprevention included older age,menopause,comorbidities,lower level education,being married,higher BMI,having high level hyperplasia of ductal epthelia and counseling to breast specialists (P ＜ O.05);whilenot informed by doctors was the main reason for failed taking preventive agents(95.1％,135/142).Thirteen of 41 women receiving chemoprevention discontinued the therapy (31.7％);no-insurance,no side-effects and higher BMI were related to the discontinuing (P ＜ 0.05).The 1-,2-,3-,and 5-year adherence rates of chemoprevention was 86.1％ (31/36),65.4％ (17/26),59.1％ (13/22),8/13 and 5/10,respectively.The results show that chemoprevention rate is low among Chinese women at high risk of breast cancer,and the long-term adherence to preventive therapy is poor.Corresponding measures should be taken to strengthen the chemoprevention of breast cancer.

Objective To discuss the effective factors and metastasis rules of cervical lymph node of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,aimed to provide references for indications and range of lymph node dissection.Methods Reviewed the clinical information and pathological material of primary treatment of 1 180 cases of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University from June 2008 to December 2011 by retrospective analysis,futher summared cervical lymph node metastasis rules and effective factors.Results The lymph node metastasis rate of 1 180 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma was 29.6％,which of these of the central and lateral region were 26.4％ and 15.2％.Central region lymph nodes metastasis rates in male and female were respectively 44.9％,21.8％ (P ＜ 0.05),and were 39.8％,9.0％ in lateral region (P ＜ 0,01).Lymph node metastasis rates of patients whose age ≤45years old and ＞45 years old were 30.3％,17.9％ (P ＜0.05).The lymph mode metastasis rate which diameter of tumour(D) ≤0.5 cm or 0.5 cm ＜ D ≤ 1 cm in central region were 20.2％,33.2％ (P ＜ 0.05).The lymph node metastasis rate of single and more nidi respectively were 15.7％,45.0％ in central region.The lymph node metastasis rate of tumors invasion or not were 44.4％ and 14.2％ in central region (P ＜0.05).The metastasis rates were 45.5％ and 4.3％ in the lateral region when the lymph node infringe or not in central region.Conclusions Lymph node metastasis happens relatively more common in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients with the factors such as male,young age,multiple nidi,long diameter of tumor and invasion of tumor envelope.So when doctors establish the indications and range of lymph node dissection,it's need to pay attention to the high risk factors seriously which effect lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and establish the lymph node dissection strategy individually.

BackgroundDry eye is a multi-factorial-induced tear film and ocular surface disorder.Immunoinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of dry eye.As inhibitor of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play an anti-inflammatory and anti-hypersensitivity role,and it can be a potential treatment for dry eyes.ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (0.1％topical pranoprofen) on moderate to severe dry eyes and its mechanism.MethodsThis was a small sample of randomized controlled clinical trial.Thirty right eyes of 30 patients with moderate to severe dry eyes were included in the study according to the diagnosis criteria and randomized into two groups.The patients of the trial group received topical administration of 0.1％ pranoprofen plus 0.1％ sodium hyaluronate,and those of the control group received the topical 0.1％ sodium hyaluronate only.Ocular surface inflammation index scores (OSDI) and ocular surface fluorescine staining (OSS) scores were measured under the slit lamp,and tear film break-up time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test values were evaluated.The expression of human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD11b in conjunctiva epithelial cells were detected by impression cytology and flow cytometry (FCM).All the indexes were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Informed consent was obtained from all patients.ResultsThere were no significant differences in terms of age and gender and their baseline values between the trial group and control group (t=0.412,P=0.684;x2=0.240,P=0.624),and so were all the indexes (P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the OSDI,OSS scores and cells positive for HLA-DR were lowered but the BUT was delayed in the trial group on day 15 ( t=2.43,P=0.03;t=2.83,P=0.01;t=3.29,P=0.00;t=3.23,P=0.00 ).No significant differences were found in the Schirmer Ⅰ test value and CD11b expression between these two groups (t=0.17,P=0.87;t=0.28,P=0.79).The OSDI,OSS scores and BUT were significantly improved,and the number of cells positive for HLA-DR were reduced 15 days after administration of drugs in comparison with before treatment in the trial group ( t =12.30,10.70,6.10,7.92,P =0.00 ).However,there were no comparable alteration seen in these indexes before and after the usage of drugs in the control group ( P＞0.05).Positive correlations were found in HLADR expression with OSDI and OSS ( r =0.601,P =0.018 ; r =0.586,P =0.022 ) and a negative correlation in HLADR expression with BUT (r=-0.697,P=0.004) on day 15 in the trial group.ConclusionsTopical usage of 0.1％ pranoprofen is beneficial for remitting the ocular signs and symptoms in moderate to severe dry eyes.This study illustrates that topical usage of 0.1％ pranoprofen can down-regulate the expression of inflammatory markers in conjunctival epithelial cells.