Brain Diseases ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary* ; Peritoneum/pathology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To realize the automated assessment of the levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna by support vector machine (SVM). METHODS: The X-ray films of the left wrist joints were taken from 140 teenagers aged from 11 to 19 years old as training samples. The levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna were divided into five developmental levels. Each level contained 28 samples. Another 35 cases were selected as independent verifying samples. SVM classification models of the five developmental levels of epiphysis of distal radius and ulna were established. The internal cross validation was made by leave one out cross validation (LOOCV), while the external validation was made by histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), and then the accuracy (PA) of testing results was calculated, respectively. RESULTS: The PA of SVM, LOOCV and HOG of distal radius epiphyseal level were 100%, 78.6%, and 82.8%, respectively; whereas the PA of SVM, LOOCV and HOG of distal ulna epiphyseal level were 100.0%, 80.0% and 88.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The SVM-based automatic models of the growth stage of distal ra- dius and ulna appear to have certain feasibility, and may provide a foundation for software development of bone age assessment by forensic medicine.
Adolescent ; Bone Development/physiology* ; Child ; Epiphyses/growth & development* ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Male ; Radius/growth & development* ; Support Vector Machine ; Ulna/growth & development* ; Wrist/growth & development* ; Wrist Joint/growth & development* ; Young Adult

Human violent behavior is a complex behavior which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. There is a trend in investigating the mechanism of violent behavior by using the genetic methods. This article reviews several candidate genes and advances in epigenetics which are associated with violent behavior. The prospects and significance of violent behavior research from the view of gene polymorphism and epigenetics are also discussed.
Aggression ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Forensic Genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Violence

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in primary lung cancer cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and patients' clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODSFrom 2008 to 2010, 208 non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent surgery or CT-guided biopsy were recruited from Huadong Hospital, Fudan University. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the PD-L1 expression in both primary lung cancer cells and CD68 positive TAM. The relationship between PD-L1 expression and the clinical pathology was evaluated using χ(2) test. Spearman's rank correlations were used to determine the correlation between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and macrophages.

RESULTSPositive PD-L1 expression in primary cancer cells was found in 136 (65.3%) patients, which were negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.009) and smoking history (P=0.036). Besides, TAM with PD-L1 expression (found in 116 patients) was positively associated with smoking history (P=0.034), well-differentiation (P=0.029) and negative lymph node metastasis (P=0.0096). A correlation between PD-L1 expression in primary tumor cells and non-small cell lung cancer associated macrophages was found (r=0.228, P=0.021).

CONCLUSIONPD-L1, secreted from TAM, might induce cancer cells apoptosis, and decrease lymph node metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; B7-H1 Antigen ; secretion ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; secretion ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; secretion ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Macrophages ; pathology ; secretion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo assess the osseointegration capability of hydroxyapatite-coated porous titanium with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and hyaluronic acid to repair defects in the distal femur metaphysis in rabbits.

METHODSPorous titanium implants were made by sintering titanium powder at high temperature, which were coated with hydroxyapatite by alkali and heat treatment and with BMP-2 combined with bone regeneration materials. And hyaluronic acid was further used as delivery system to prolong the effect of BMP-2. The implants were inserted into the metaphysis of the distal femur of rabbits. The animals were killed at 6, 12 and 24 weeks to accomplish histological and biomechanical analyses.

RESULTSAccording to the result of histological analysis, the osseointegration in BMP-2 group was better than that of the HA-coated porous titanium group. In push-out test, all the samples had bigger shear stress as time passed by. There was statistical difference between the two groups in 6 and 12 weeks but not in 24 weeks.

CONCLUSIONHydroxyapatite-coated porous titanium with BMP-2 and hyaluronic acid has a good effect in repairing defects of distal femur in rabbits, which is a fine biotechnology for future clinical application.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; pharmacology ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Durapatite ; Femur ; surgery ; Hyaluronic Acid ; pharmacology ; Osseointegration ; physiology ; Porosity ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Titanium ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo describe the pitfalls in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and classify them according to the principles of their generation.

METHODSWe summarized retrospectively the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDP) PET/CT imaging pitfalls through reviewing the PET/CT images of 872 patients. The pitfalls were divided into artifacts and infrequent physiological uptake, and the artifacts were further classified according to their causes. Meanwhile, we calculated the incidences of various pitfalls. Whether the PET/CT pitfalls influenced the diagnostic decision was analyzed. The appearances of pitfalls in PET were also described.

RESULTSPitfalls could be found in PET/CT images of 684 (78.4%) patients. Artifacts were found in 664 (76.15%) patients, and could be classified into self-factor artifacts and equipment- or technology-related artifacts. Among self-factor artifacts, respiratory motion (57.5%), postprandial or hyperglycemia artifacts (2.41%), and metal or high density matter artifacts (1.38%) were frequent. As for equipment- or technology-related factors, injection point outleakage or radiotracer contamination (13.88%) and truncation artifacts (1.83%) were most common ones. Infrequent physiological FDG uptakes, including fatty uptake, endometrial uptake, and bilateral breast feeding period uptake, were found in 20 (2.29%) patients. Among all pitfalls, the artifacts in 92 (13.4%) patients and infrequent physiological uptakes in 6 (0.88%) patients affected the diagnostic results. Artifact images in PET could be described as hot or cold area and the images of infrequent physiological uptake were always shown as hot area.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of pitfall in PET/CT imaging was high and the causes of pitfalls are various. Among all causes that artifacts generated, respiratory motion is the most common. Some pitfalls may disturb clinical physicians' decision, so it is important to recognize artifacts and physiological uptake, and distinguish them from pathological uptakes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Artifacts ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Contamination ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Infant ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Respiration ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the distribution and changing pa-ttern of susceptibility in bloodstream infection.Methods The blood cul-ture isolates from 557 tertiary hospitals and 232 second class hospitals were routinely isolated and identified.Antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates were tested routinely.Results A total of 76483 strains were isolated from blood specimens in the tertiary hospitals during 2012.Gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli accounted for 44.35%and 55.65%, respectively.A total of 6261 strains were isolated from blood specimens in the second-class hospitals during 2012.Gram-po-sitive cocci and gram -negative bacilli accounted for 48.89% and 51.11%, respectively.The most frequent gram-negative bacteria from the tertiary hospitals and the second -class hospitals were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae, the most fre-quent gram-positive bacteria were Coagulase-negative Staphylococus, Staphylococus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.700 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae ( 0.8%) , 28 strains of Hemophilus influenza (<0.01%) and 152 strains ofβ-hemolytic Streptococcus(0.18%) were isolated.Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus( MRSCN) among Staphy-lococus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococus were 44.4%and 78.0% in the tertiary hospitals,but the ratios were 32.5%and 71.4%in the second-class hospitals, respectively.All the isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid in the Staphylococcus spp.The sensitivity rates of Staphylococcus spp to Amikacin, Rifampicin and Mino-cycline were high ( >80.0%).The sensitivity rates of Enterococcus faecalis to Pencillin and Ampicillin were high (>80.0%).Escherichia coli was sensitive to not only Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Piperacillin/tazobactam (>90.0%) , but also Amikacin and Cefoxitin ( about 80.0%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to all of the common antibiotics almost.But it was just the opposite to Acinetobacter baumannii.Polymyxin B and Cefoperazone/Sulbactam were sensitive to Acinetobacter baumannii in the tertiary hospitals and the second-class hospitals, respec-tively(97.6%and 76.7%).Conclusion The datas of 2012 indicated that gram-negative bacilli, especially Esche-richia coli, played an important role in blood stream infections.A large number of Coagulase-negative Staphylococus, Staphylococus aureus were isolated, so we should carry out steps according to the standard criterion strictly to reduce the contamination rate.Because of different results to the common antibiotics for the different microorganism, antibiotics should be prescribed according to bacterial resistance results reasonably.

Objective To explore the thoughts and medication rules of the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology in differentiating and treating menopausal syndromes based on data mining technology.Methods The medical records of menopausal syndrome differentiated and treated by the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology in clinic were collected.The Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform(V2.3.5)was used to perform frequency statistics,association rule analysis,cluster analysis and complex network analysis of the data of medical records.Results A total of 191 medical records and 191 prescriptions were finally included,involving 160 kinds of Chinese medicinals.The statistics of four-examination information and syndrome types showed that the pathogenesis of menopausal syndrome was characterized by deficiency of the origin,which resulted in the dysfunction of healthy qi and the disturbance of the pivot,and then multiple viscera were involved;among the syndrome types,liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome was the most common type.There were 26 high-frequency Chinese medicinals with the frequency being or over 40 times,and the top 5 Chinese medicinals were Lilii Bulbus,Codonopsis Radix,Corni Fructus,Paeoniae Radix Alba,and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata.Most of the medicines were sweet in flavor and mild in nature,and had the meridian tropism of the liver,heart,kidney and spleen meridians.A total of 15 pairs of high-confidence drug combinations were obtained after association rule analysis.Cluster analysis of high-frequency Chinese medicinals yielded 5 core drug combinations.The complex network analysis revealed the core prescription which was composed of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Corni Fructus,Cuscutae Semen,Lilii Bulbus,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,and Margaritifera Concha.The association rule analysis showed that the drug pairs with high frequency of use were Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Corni Fructus,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Conclusion For the treatment of menopausal syndrome,the contemporary inheritors of Lingnan LUO's Gynecology take the therapy of nourishing liver and kidney as the key,and also adopt the therapies of nourishing the heart and calming the mind,benefiting qi and invigorating the spleen,and harmonizing the pivot.The medicines prescribed by the inheritors mostly are sweet-light and mild tonics,and their prescription and medication rules are consistent with Professor LUO Yuan-Kai's academic thoughts.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL), an abundant plasma lipoprotein, has been thought to be anti-inflammatory in both health and infectious diseases. It binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neutralizes its bioactivity. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of HDL, which was separated from human plasma, in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. Kunming mice (18-22 g) were treated with either HDL (70 mg/kg body weight, via tail vein) or saline 30 min after LPS administration (10 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) and were decapitated 6 h after LPS challenge. The arterial blood was collected and analyzed for blood gas variables (PaO(2), pH, and PaCO(2)). The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were analyzed for total protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and white blood cell (WBC) count. The lung samples were taken for histopathological evaluation and for determination of lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) content. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that after LPS challenge, HDL-treated mice exhibited a higher PaO(2), and pH, but a lower PaCO(2) than HDL-untreated ones (P<0.01). LPS-induced increases in total protein concentration, WBC number and LDH activity in BALF were significantly attenuated in HDL-treated mice (P<0.01). HDL treatment also resulted in a significant protection of lung tissues against LPS-induced acute lung injury via decreasing W/D ratio, MPO activity, MDA content, and the content of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (P<0.05, P<0.01). Histological examination revealed that HDL treatment resulted in significantly lower scores of acute lung injury induced by LPS, with reduced hemorrhage, intra-alveolar edema and neutrophilic infiltration (P<0.01). It is suggested that HDL plays a protective role in attenuating LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice.
Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; pharmacology ; Lung ; pathology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism